Question 1

In his studies with Rhesus monkeys, Harlow found that

Accepted Answer

infant monkeys became attached to the cloth mothers, regardless of whether these mothers provided food.

Question 2

It is said that there is no price for good health--life is priceless. Yet if hospitals are paid for costs associated with all Medicare patient costs, the bills skyrocket. If hospitals receive a fixed amount of money for each Medicare patient they treat, the numbers of patients go up but the length of stay decreases. If doctors receive a fixed amount of money per patient in their group, then hospitalization rates go down. This phenomenon is most easily explained by which basic approach to understanding individual human behavior?

Accepted Answer

behaviorist

Question 3

When a person is faced with one of the three drive conflicts described by Dollard and Miller, the inability to satisfy these conflicts leads to

Accepted Answer

Neurotic behavior

Question 4

__________ are credited with the creation of social learning theory.

Accepted Answer

Dollard & Miller

Question 5

Approach-approach conflict is best described as what?

Accepted Answer

A person is equally driven towards two equally attractive choices

Question 6

When Jones extinguished Peter\'s fear of the rabbit by gradually bringing it closer and closer while keeping Peter happy and relaxed, he demonstrated

Accepted Answer

systematic desensitization.

Question 7

Skinner asserts that feelings

Accepted Answer

are collateral products of our genetic and environmental histories.

Question 8

Behaviorism rejects what information gathering technique?

Accepted Answer

Introspection

Question 9

The frustration-aggression hypothesis is best illustrated by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

You are hungry and you decide to eat some leftovers from last night; when you go to the kitchen you see that your sister left them out all night and that they are now moldy, so you yell at her.

Question 10

Skinner\'s approach would suggest that many problems faced by old people are due in large part to

Accepted Answer

both A and B

Question 11

From the behaviorist perspective, the term \"extinction\" refers to

Accepted Answer

a \"dying out\" of a conditioned response when it is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 12

The studies of child-rearing precursors of dependency and aggression in children (as studied by Sears) showed that

Accepted Answer

parents\' reports of how much they punished the child were related to the child\'s dependency and aggression.

Question 13

Skinner asserts that to address social and cultural problems, we should

Accepted Answer

manipulate the environment, which really controls behavior.

Question 14

Who developed the concept of \"operant conditioning\"?

Accepted Answer

Skinner

Question 15

In the domain of conditioning, generalization refers to

Accepted Answer

A conditioned response occurring to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 16

If you suffered from arachnophobia (extreme fear of spiders) you might seek the help of a therapist in overcoming your problem. Which of the following would be a legitimate but somewhat risky method of treatment?

Accepted Answer

flooding

Question 17

Learning theories are similar to Freud\'s approach because they

Accepted Answer

are deterministic.

Question 18

In the dogs that he worked with, Pavlov was able to classically condition something similar to which personality dimension?

Accepted Answer

neuroticism

Question 19

Walden Two is conceptualized as a problem-free place because

Accepted Answer

the government uses only positive reinforcement.

Question 20

Social cognitive learning theories differ from Dollard & Miller\'s social learning theory in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

They emphasize the importance of the social context in personality.

Question 21

\"Pavlov\'s Dog\" refers to what?

Accepted Answer

An experiment in which a dog was conditioned to salivate at the signal that food was coming, before the food was presented.

Question 22

The quote that behaviorism \"has substituted for the erstwhile anthropomorphic view of the rat, a ratomorphic view of man\" implies that

Accepted Answer

behaviorism replaces our humanness with simple laws derived from rat studies.

Question 23

When an individual is able to discern that a given stimulus is NOT the conditioned stimulus, and therefore does not perform the conditioned response, this is called

Accepted Answer

discrimination.

Question 24

Which of the following is a difference between classical conditioning (as defined by Pavlov) and operant condition (as defined by Skinner)?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning deals with the conditioning of existing responses to occur to new stimuli, and operant conditioning deals with shaping behavior by using consequences

Question 25

Dollard and Miller\'s learning theory explains neurotic behavior in terms of

Accepted Answer

approach-avoidance conflicts.

Question 26

Initially Bob was supposed to go to a concert tonight with his friends, but then Sheila asked him to go to a movie. He was really excited about the concert, but has had his eye on Sheila for over a year now. Bob is experiencing

Accepted Answer

an approach-approach conflict.

Question 27

Jane was mugged walking home late from work one evening. The event scared Jane so much that she never stays late at work, always takes cabs when it is dark outside, and avoids the street on which she was mugged. This set of responses that occurred after the mugging would be best described by Dollard and Miller as

Accepted Answer

Jane\'s habit hierarchy created after the mugging in situations that mirror the original

Question 28

Social learning theory refers to what?

Accepted Answer

The theory that explains the probability of responding to certain situation in a certain way due to past experiences and drives

Question 29

Superstitious behaviors, such as wearing a lucky ring or eating special foods prior to an important event are best explained by

Accepted Answer

operant conditioning.

Question 30

The researcher credited with applying behaviorist principles to elicit fear in a young child, \"Little Albert,\" was

Accepted Answer

Watson.

Question 31

Sears described personality as \"potentialities for action\" which included

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 32

Of the following reinforcement schedules, which is most effective in terms of creating a behavior that is resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

partial reinforcement

Question 33

According to behaviorist principles, what would be a technique useful for overcoming phobias?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization

Question 34

Although Hull believed in the importance of environmental reinforcements for learning, he

Accepted Answer

also believed that the internal state of the organism was important.

Question 35

Skinner\'s novel, Walden Two, describes

Accepted Answer

a utopian community which operates on the principles of operant conditioning.

Question 36

Secondary or acquired drives are best explained as what?

Accepted Answer

Acquired responses to situations similar to an original situation that induced a certain feeling

Question 37

Limits of the learning approach to understanding personality include

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 38

According to Skinner, part of the reason that the science of behavior has not progressed as far as it should is due to

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 39

The central idea behind the concept of operant conditioning is that

Accepted Answer

behavior is changed by its consequences.

Question 40

Harlow\'s studies of Rhesus monkeys suggested that attachment between mothers and infants is due to

Accepted Answer

the reinforcing nature of physical contact.

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