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Home Page Flashcards Propyl acetate C5H10O2 structure - Flashcards

Propyl acetate C5H10O2 structure – Flashcards

Flashcard maker : Darryl Wooten

Molecular Formula C5H10O2
Average mass 102.132 Da
Density 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 101.4±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point 12.8±0.0 °C
Molar Refractivity 27.0±0.3 cm3
Polarizability 10.7±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension 24.9±3.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume 114.6±3.0 cm3
  • Experimental data
  • Predicted – ACD/Labs
  • Predicted – EPISuite
  • Predicted – ChemAxon
  • Predicted – Mcule
  • Experimental Physico-chemical Properties

    • Experimental Melting Point:

      -95 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      -95 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 13353, 16094
      -93 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 16678, 20473
      -92 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 8148
      -92 °C Alfa Aesar L15355
      -95 °C LabNetwork LN00194938
      -93 °C FooDB FDB012549

    • Experimental Boiling Point:

      215 F (101.6667 °C)
      NIOSH AJ3675000
      102 °C Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Propyl acetate
      102 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      99-102 °C Alfa Aesar L15355
      102 °C SynQuest 73780, 2123-1-32
      102 °C LabNetwork LN00194938
      101.67 °C FooDB FDB012549

    • Experimental Ionization Potent:

      10.04 Ev NIOSH AJ3675000

    • Experimental Vapor Pressure:

      25 mmHg NIOSH AJ3675000

    • Experimental Flash Point:

      55 F (12.7778 °C)
      NIOSH AJ3675000
      10 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      14 °C Alfa Aesar
      14 °F (-10 °C)
      Alfa Aesar L15355
      14 °C SynQuest 73780, 2123-1-32
      13 °C LabNetwork LN00194938

    • Experimental Freezing Point:

      -134 F (-92.2222 °C)
      NIOSH AJ3675000

    • Experimental Gravity:

      20 g/mL Merck Millipore 1468
      20 g/l Merck Millipore 1468, 803183
      25 g/mL SynQuest 2123-1-32
      0.887 g/mL Alfa Aesar L15355
      0.888 g/mL SynQuest 2123-1-32

    • Experimental Refraction Index:

      1.384 Alfa Aesar L15355
      1.382-1.387 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Propyl acetate

    • Experimental Solubility:

      2% NIOSH AJ3675000
  • Miscellaneous

    • Appearance:

      Colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. NIOSH AJ3675000
      colourless liquid with a strong odour Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      colourless mobile liquid with a fruity, pear-raspberry odour Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Propyl acetate

    • Stability:

      Stable. Highly flammable. May react violently with oxidizing agents. May form explosive mixtureswith air. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Toxicity:

      ORL-RAT LD50 9370 mg kg-1, ORL-MUS LD50 8300 mg kg-1, ORL-RBT LD50 6640 mg kg-1, SKN-RBT LD50 > 20000 mg kg-1 Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Safety:

      11-36-66-67 Alfa Aesar L15355
      16-26-29-33 Alfa Aesar L15355
      2-16-26-29-33 Alfa Aesar L15355
      3 Alfa Aesar L15355
      Danger Alfa Aesar L15355
      FLAMMABLE / IRRITANT Alfa Aesar L15355
      Flammable/Irritant SynQuest 2123-1-32, 73780
      Good ventilation. Safety glasses. Remove sources of ignitionfrom the working area. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      H225-H319-H336-EUH066 Alfa Aesar L15355
      P210-P261-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501a Alfa Aesar L15355
      R11,R18,R36/37/38 SynQuest 2123-1-32, 73780
      S16,S23,S24/25,S33,S36/37/39,S45 SynQuest 2123-1-32, 73780

    • First-Aid:

      Eye: Irrigate immediately Skin: Water flush promptly Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately NIOSH AJ3675000

    • Exposure Routes:

      inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact NIOSH AJ3675000

    • Symptoms:

      In animals: irritation eyes, nose, throat; narcosis; dermatitis NIOSH AJ3675000

    • Target Organs:

      Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system NIOSH AJ3675000

    • Incompatibility:

      Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids NIOSH AJ3675000

    • Personal Protection:

      Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: When contaminated Remove: When wet (flammable) Change: No recommendation NIOSH AJ3675000

    • Exposure Limits:

      NIOSH REL : TWA 200 ppm (840 mg/m 3 ) ST 250 ppm (1050 mg/m 3 ) OSHA PEL ?: TWA 200 ppm (840 mg/m 3 ) NIOSH AJ3675000
  • Gas Chromatography

    • Retention Index (Kovats):

      686 (estimated with error: 47) NIST Spectra mainlib_230707, replib_53489, replib_62007
      696.3 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 333 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Hu, X.-F.; Lu, C.-H.; Yin, C.-S., Modeling Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Oxygen-containing Compounds by Novel Atom-type Topological Indices, Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 19(3), 2006, 243-247.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      684.6 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.256 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Mijin, D.; Antonovic, D.G., The temperature dependence of the retention index for n-alkyl esters of acetic, propionic, cyclohexanecarboxylic, benzoic and phenylacetic acid on DB-1 and DB-5 capillary columns, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 71(6), 2006, 629-637.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      698 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 200 C; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: CBP-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 2), 2003.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      698.31 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 60 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: HP-101; Carrier gas: H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Garay, F., Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures, Chromatographia Sup., 51, 2000, s108-s120.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      695 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 12 ft; Column type: Packed; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Ho, D.K.M.; Vaughan, C.E., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VII. The retention behaviour of pyruvate esters and related carbonyl and carboxyl compounds, J. Chromatogr., 106, 1975, 317-325., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 12 ft; Column type: Packed; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Substrate: Celaton (62-72 mesh); Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VI. Structure-retention increments of aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 101, 1974, 103-123., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Substrate: Chromosorb W; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Zarazir, D.; Chovin, P.; Guiochon, G., Identification of hydroxylic compounds and their derivatives by gas chromatography, Chromatographia, 3, 1970, 180-195., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 3 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: Ar; Substrate: Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Tiess, D., Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelfluchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 33, 1984, 6-9., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J-E., Topological Analysis: A Technique for the Physico-Chemical Exploitation of Retention Data in Gas-Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 158, 1978, 43-56., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 30 C; End T: 210 C; Start time: 4 min; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Takeoka, G.R.; Buttery, R.G.; Flath, R.A., Volatile constituents of Asian pear (Pyrus serotina), J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1992, 1925-1929.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      697 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 30 C; End T: 210 C; Start time: 4 min; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Takeoka, G.R.; Buttery, R.G.; Flath, R.A., Volatile constituents of Asian pear (Pyrus serotina), J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1992, 1925-1929.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      676 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 356, 1986, 79-94., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Tarjan, G.; Nyiredy, Sz.; Gyor, M.; Lombosi, E.R.; Lombosi, T.S.; Budahegyi, M.V.; Meszaros, S.Y.; Takacs, J.M., Review. Thirtieth Anniversary of the Retention Index According to Kovats in Gas-Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 472, 1989, 1-92.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      685 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 356, 1986, 79-94., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Tarjan, G.; Nyiredy, Sz.; Gyor, M.; Lombosi, E.R.; Lombosi, T.S.; Budahegyi, M.V.; Meszaros, S.Y.; Takacs, J.M., Review. Thirtieth Anniversary of the Retention Index According to Kovats in Gas-Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 472, 1989, 1-92.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      696 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: OV-101; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Komarek, K.; Hornova, L.; Horna, A.; Churacek, J., Glass capillary gas chromatography of homologous series of esters. IV. Separation of homologous series of certain halogenopropyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids on OV-101, J. Chromatogr., 281, 1983, 299-303., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 356, 1986, 79-94.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      711 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 60 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 356, 1986, 79-94.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      694 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 80 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: OV-101; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Ohnishi, S.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile compounds from heated beef fat and beef fat with glycine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 32, 1984, 987-992.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      729 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Madden, B.G.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XX. Capillary column studies of alkyl acetates, chloroacetates, dichloroacetates and trichloroacetates, J. Chromatogr., 256, 1983, 221-229.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      693 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Substrate: Gaschrom Q; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 17(3), 1983, 160-165.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      695.8 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Komarek, K.; Hornova, L.; Churacek, J., Glass capillary gas chromatography of homologous series of esters. Separation of homologous series of esters of halogenated carboxylic acids on a glass capillary column with the non-polar stationary silicone phase OV-101, J. Chromatogr., 244, 1982, 142-147.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      682 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 12 ft; Column type: Packed; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Substrate: Chromosorb W AW DMCS; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Srisukh, D., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XV. Molecular retention indices of aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 219, 1981, 45-52.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      707 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 3 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Chastrette, M.; Heintz, M.; Druilhe, A.; Lefort, D., Analyse chromatographique d’esters aliphatiques satures. Relations retention-structure et prevision de la retention, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., , 1974, 1852-1856.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      683 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 12 ft; Column type: Packed; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-30; Substrate: Celite 560; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Germaine, R.W.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. Part 1. Simple aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 43, 1969, 33-42.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      705.64 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.321 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Mijin, D.; Antonovic, D.G., The temperature dependence of the retention index for n-alkyl esters of acetic, propionic, cyclohexanecarboxylic, benzoic and phenylacetic acid on DB-1 and DB-5 capillary columns, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 71(6), 2006, 629-637.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      705.4 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-54; Carrier gas: Ar; Phase thickness: 2.5 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Grigor’eva, D.N.; Vasil’ev, A.V.; Golovnya, R.V., Variation in retention indices and equivalent chain lengths of homologous series of n-alkyl acetates, n-alkyl methyl ketones, and methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids as a function of homolog number and analysis temperature, Zh. Anal. Khim., 44(1), 1989, 68-73, In original 84-89.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      706.7 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-54; Carrier gas: Ar; Phase thickness: 2.5 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Grigor’eva, D.N.; Vasil’ev, A.V.; Golovnya, R.V., Variation in retention indices and equivalent chain lengths of homologous series of n-alkyl acetates, n-alkyl methyl ketones, and methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids as a function of homolog number and analysis temperature, Zh. Anal. Khim., 44(1), 1989, 68-73, In original 84-89.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      708.4 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 110 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: SE-54; Carrier gas: Ar; Phase thickness: 2.5 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Grigor’eva, D.N.; Vasil’ev, A.V.; Golovnya, R.V., Variation in retention indices and equivalent chain lengths of homologous series of n-alkyl acetates, n-alkyl methyl ketones, and methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids as a function of homolog number and analysis temperature, Zh. Anal. Khim., 44(1), 1989, 68-73, In original 84-89.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      669 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 200 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Porapack Q; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Goebel, K.-J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe, J. Chromatogr., 235, 1982, 119-127.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      653 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Apiezon L; Substrate: Celite 545; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Apiezon L; Substrate: Celite 545; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      654 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 2.25 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 70 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Apiezon L; Substrate: Celite; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Wehrli, A.; Kovats, E., Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung ogranischer Verbindungen. Teil 3: Berechnung der Retentionsindices aliphatischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen, Helv. Chim. Acta, 7, 1959, 2709-2736., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 70 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Apiezon L; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      646 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 50 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Squalane; Substrate: Chromosorb G; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Mira, J.M.; Sanchez, L.G., Polarity of the Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phases and Retention Indices of Aliphatic Esters, Ketones and Alcohols, Anal. Chim. Acta., 50, 1970, 315-321.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      648 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 2.25 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Apiezon L; Substrate: Celite; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Wehrli, A.; Kovats, E., Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung ogranischer Verbindungen. Teil 3: Berechnung der Retentionsindices aliphatischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen, Helv. Chim. Acta, 7, 1959, 2709-2736.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      976 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 200 C; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: CBP-20; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 2), 2003.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      996 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 70 C; End T: 200 C; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: BP-20; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Wyllie, S.G.; Leach, D.N., Aroma volatiles of Cucumis melo cv. golden crispy, J. Agric. Food Chem., 38, 1990, 2042-2044.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      943 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: OV-351; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 356, 1986, 79-94.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      978 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 80 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: OV-351; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 356, 1986, 79-94.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      981 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 60 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: OV-351; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 356, 1986, 79-94.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      992 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: OV-351; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 356, 1986, 79-94.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      980 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.64 mm; Column length: 150 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 1 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 170 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Buttery, R.G.; Seifert, R.M.; Ling, L.C.; Soderstrom, E.L.; Ogawa, J.M.; Turnbaugh, J.G., Additional aroma components of honeydew melon, J. Agric. Food Chem., 30, 1982, 1208-1211.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      994 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 75 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Goebel, K.-J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe, J. Chromatogr., 235, 1982, 119-127.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      944 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 109604; Active phase: Carbowax 20M; Substrate: Chromosorb; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Kevei, E.; Kozma, E., Gas

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      A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:
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