question

How were the principles of the PNF approach developed?

answer

From normal human development

question

The PNF approach can be used with who?

answer

All patients with upper neuron CNS dysfunction

question

What does the PNF approach stress?

answer

Spiral and diagonal patterns of movement used in a goal directed manner

question

What is the PNF approach based on?

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Normal movement and motor development

question

In normal motor activity, what does the brain register the movement as? Such as picking up a book?

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As a whole and not as an individual muscle action

question

PNF approach used what kind of patterns that resemble normal movement during functional activities?

answer

Mass movement patterns

question

How many principles of treatment are in the PNF approach?

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Eight

question

What does principle one say?

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That normal motor development proceeds in a cervicocaudal and proximodistal direction

question

What does cervicocaudal mean?

answer

Head to tailbone

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What does proximodistal mean?

answer

Body center to extremities

question

What does principle two say?

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Early motor behavior is dominated by reflex activity. Mature motor behavior is reinforced or supported by postural reflexes

question

What is an example of early motor behavior being dominated by reflex activity?

answer

ATNR supports rolling, turning head toward an object reinforces reaching for the object

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What does principle three say? An example?

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Motor behavior is expressed in an orderly sequence of total patterns of movements and posture Ex: Infant

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What does principle four say? An example?

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The growth of motor behavior has cyclic trends as evidenced by shifts between flexor and extensor dominance. Ex: Patient with flexor synergy

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What is one of the main goals of the PNF approach?

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To establish the balance between antagonist muscle groups

question

What do the shifts between antagonist and agonists do?

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Help to develop muscle balance and control

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What does principle five say? An example?

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Normal motor development has an orderly sequence but lacks a step-by-step quality. OVERLAPPING OCCURS. Ex: Child does not perfect performance of one activity before beginning another, more advanced activity

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What does principle six say?

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Establishing a balance between antagonists is a main objective of PNF.

question

What happens as movement and posture change?

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Continuous adjustments in balance are made

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What does principle seven say? An example?

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Improvement of motor ability is dependent upon motor learning. Ex: Reaching into a cabinet

question

What is motor learning facilitated by?

answer

Mutisensory and environmental stimulation (Verbal input, tactile, and visual)

question

What does principle eight say? An example?

answer

Goal-directed activities, coupled with techniques of facilitation, are used to hasten learning of total patterns of walking and of self-care activities. Ex: Stretch to finger extensors

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What are the four points under multisensory approach?

answer

1) Verbal commands 2) Visual stimuli 3) Tactile input 4) Practice

question

PNF can be used in OT to do what four things?

answer

1) Evaluate motion 2) Facilitate motor function 3) Prepare and position a patient for an activity 4) Enhance the performance of an activity

question

An assessment requires what kind of skills?

answer

Keen observation skills

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Why is an assessment ongoing throughout the PNF approach?

answer

Because the program should be modified as the needs of the patient and patient performance changes.

question

What is the goal of treatment in the PNF approach?

answer

To perform the patterns through a full ROM and with a balance of power between antagonistic patterns of both diagonals of motion

question

What are the three treatment techniques in the PNF approach?

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1) Diagonal patterns 2) Total patterns 3) Facilitation techniques

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These are mass movement patterns observed in most functional activites

answer

Diagonal patterns

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What does a diagonal pattern have? What does it do?

answer

Has flexion and extension component together with rotation and movement away from or toward midline

question

What are the four upper extremity unilateral patterns?

answer

1) UE D1 flexion 2) UE D1 extension 3) UE D2 flexion 4) UE D2 extension

question

List three examples of UE D1 flexion.

answer

1. Eating 2. Brushing hair on opp side of head 3. Brushing your teeth

question

List two examples of UE D1 extension.

answer

1. Putting on your seat belt 2. Opening a car door

question

List two examples of UE D2 flexion.

answer

1. Brushing hair on same side of head 2. Doing the backstroke in swimming

question

List three examples of UE D2 extension

answer

1. Buckling your seat belt 2. Zipping or buttoning on the opposite side 3. Pitching a baseball

question

What are the three UE bilateral patterns?

answer

1. Symmetrical patterns 2. Asymmetrical patterns 3. Reciprocal patterns

question

When both extremities perform like movements at the same time

answer

Symmetrical patterns

question

An example of a symmetrical pattern is what?

answer

D2 extension - taking off a pull over sweater

question

When both extremities perform movements toward one side of the body at the same time; facilitate trunk rotation

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Asymmetrical patterns

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An example of an asymmetrical pattern?

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Zipping on the left Left hand = D1 extension Right hand = D2 extension

question

When both extremities perform movements in opposite directions at the same time. Having stabilizing effect on head, neck, and trunk.

answer

Reciprocal patterns

question

What is an example of a reciprocal pattern?

answer

Walking on a balance beam

question

What are the four advantages of diagonal patterns?

answer

1. Crossing midline 2. Each muscle has an optimal pattern in which it functions, the pattern can be used to strengthen weaker ones 3. Use groups of muscles which is typical movement with functional activities 4. Facilitate rotation

question

In PNF, developmental postures are called what?

answer

Total patterns of movement and posture

question

What are the four procedures within the PNF approach?

answer

1. Manual contact 2. Stretch 3. Traction 4. Approximation

question

Involves placement of the therapist hands to produce movement

answer

Manual contact

question

Helps to initiate voluntary movement

answer

Stretch

question

Helps facilitate joint receptors by separating joint surfaces

answer

Traction

question

Facilitates joint receptors by creating a compression of joint surfaces; provides stability and postural control

answer

Approximation

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Approach – Flashcards

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