question

Which philosopher most clearly rejected the idea that the mind is separable from the body?

answer

Aristotle

question

Professor Schroeder argues that children have an innate concept of justice that enables them to make distinctions between fair and unfair rules. This argument is most consistent with the views of:

answer

Socrates

question

In the context of debates over the origins of knowledge, nature it to nurture as _____ is to _____

answer

Descartes; Locke

question

Edward Titcher was concerned primarily with the study of:

answer

sensory experiences

question

The early school of psychology that employed the method of introspection was known as:

answer

structuralism

question

Who was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology?

answer

James

question

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of:

answer

learning

question

Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of:

answer

thinking

question

Debates as the whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of:

answer

nature versus nurture

question

A unified understanding of the explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by:

answer

a biopsychological approach

question

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of out human ancestors is most relevant to the _____ perspective

answer

evolutionary

question

Inherited traits are to learned habits as the _____ perspective is to the _____ perspective

answer

evolutionary; behavioral

question

Which perspective would be most relevant to the understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information

answer

cognitive

question

Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is most characteristic of the specialty known as _____ psychology

answer

personality

question

Professor Thurstone conducts basic research to investigate whether a teacher's negative perceptions of some students can affect the students' subsequent academic performance. Professor Thurstone is most likely a _____ psychologist

answer

social

question

The suggestion that psychology is lass a set of facts than a method of evaluating ideas best highlights the _____ character of psychology

answer

scientific

question

In debating the origins of knowledge, Plato and Aristotle disagreed about the relative importance of:

answer

nature and nurture

question

Professor Boyd suggests that children in every culture can distinguish between costs and benefits because humans have an inborn understanding of economics. The professor's suggestion is most consistent with the views of:

answer

Plato

question

Who emphasized that mental processes could exist independently of physical states?

answer

Descartes

question

Edward Titchner used the research method known as

answer

introspection

question

Which research method was introduced by structuralists to identify basic elements of sensory experience?

answer

introspection

question

Which school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental processes?

answer

functionalism

question

Wilhelm Wundt was both a:

answer

physiologist and philosopher

question

The growth potential of healthy people was emphasized by:

answer

humanistic psychology

question

The importance of inherited behavioral traits was most clearly highlighted by:

answer

Darwin

question

Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the linkages between hormone levels and sexual motivation?

answer

neuroscience

question

Focusing on the extent to which personality is influenced by motives outside one's own awareness is most relevant to the _____ perspective

answer

psychodynamic

question

A focus on the different marriage rituals practiced by members of different ethnic groups is of most relevance to the _____ perspective

answer

social-cultural

question

Professor Helms conducts basic research on the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during the first year of life. Professor Helms is most likely a _____ psychologist

answer

developmental

question

Dr. Stevens provides psychotherapy to people who suffer from excessive anxiety. Dr. Stevens is most likely a _____ psychologist

answer

clinical

question

After the horror of 9/11, many people said the CIA and FBI should obviously have forseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustraites:

answer

the hindsight bias

question

Wheb Leanne heard about experimental evidence that orange juice consumption triggers hyperactivity in children, she questioned whether the tested children had been randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Leanne's reaction best illustrates:

answer

critical thinking

question

Stacey suggests that because children are more implusive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management exemplifies:

answer

a hypothesis

question

Which research technique is most directly useful for avoiding the thinking error known as the false consensus effect?

answer

random sampling

question

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Proffesor Carter employing?

answer

naturalistic observation

question

A negative correlation between people's physical health and their marital happiness would indicate that:

answer

higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of physical health

question

Mr. Brown has gathered evidence that the self-esteem of students is negatively correlated with their typical levels of anxiety. Before he uses this evidence to conclude that self-esteem reduces anxiety, Mr. Brown should first be reminded that:

answer

correlation does not prove causation

question

Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine consumption?

answer

the experiment

question

In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to:

answer

placebo effects

question

In an experiment study the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be the:

answer

dependent variable

question

In order to assess whether sense of humor is affected by sexual stimulation, researchers exposed married couples to either sexually stimulating or to sexually nonstimulating movie scenes prior to watching a comedy skit. In this research, the independent variable consisted of:

answer

level of sexual stimulation

question

One person in a ten-person group is ten times older than any of the other members. With respect to age, it is most likely that the majority of group members are younger than the group's:

answer

mean

question

The _____ is a meausre of _____

answer

median; central tendency

question

Janet has five brothers who are 4, 6, 6, 9, and 15 years of age. The mean age of Janet's brothers is:

answer

8

question

Random samples provide ________ estimates of population averages if the samples have small ________.

answer

good; standard deviations

question

Jamie and Lynn were sure that they had answered most of the multiple-choice questions correctly because "the questions required only common sense." However, they each scored less than 60% on the exam. This best illustrates:

answer

overconfidence

question

Psychological theories:

answer

do all of the above: organize scientific observationns, explain observed facts, and generate hypotheses

question

Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true?

answer

the case study

question

Every twenty-fifth person who ordered a subscription to a weekly news magazine was contacted by market researchers to complete a survey of opinions regarding the magazine's contents. The researchers were most clearly employing a technique known as:

answer

random sampling

question

Surveys are most likely to indicate that reckless behavior and self-control are:

answer

negatively correlated

question

A correlation of +0.70 between children's physical height and their popularity among their peers indicates that:

answer

higher levels of popularity among one's peers is associated with greater physical height in children

question

A tendency to notice and remember instances in which our premonitions of disaster are subsequently followed by harmful events is most likely to contribute to:

answer

illusory correlations

question

In order to test the potential effect of hunger on taste sensitivity, groups of research participants are deprived of food for differing lengths of time before they engage in a taste-sensitivity test. This research is an example of:

answer

an experiment

question

Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of:

answer

random assignment

question

In a study of factors that might affect memory, research participants were assigned to drink either an alcoholic or a nonalcoholic beverage prior to completing a memory test. Those who drank the nonalcoholic beverage participated in the ________ condition.

answer

control

question

In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the:

answer

independent variable

question

The ________ can be a particularly misleading indication of what is average for a ________ distribution of scores.

answer

mean; skewed

question

The _____ is a measure of _____

answer

standard deviation; variation

question

Ahmed has five sisters who are 3, 3, 5, 9, and 10 years of age. The number "5" represents the ________ of the sisters' ages.

answer

median

question

Differences between two samples are least likely to be statistically significant if:

answer

the samples are small and the standard deviations of the samples are large

question

Which philosopher agreed with Socrates and Plato's assertion that the minf is able to survive death of the body?

answer

Rene Descartes

question

Who was denied a Ph.D. degree from Harvard because she was a woman?

answer

Mary Whiton Calkins

question

Psychology is currently defined as:

answer

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

question

Which of the following is NOT one of psychology's three main levels of analysis?

answer

developmental

question

Dr. Garcia asks participants in her study to describe their experience as they smell an orange. Dr Garvia's method most closely remebles that of early:

answer

structuralists

question

John B. Watson is most likely to say:

answer

"Science must be rooted in observation of behavior, rather than introspective processes"

question

Dr. Lee's research explores how children's intellectual development reflects the modern _____ perspective

answer

behavioral genetics

question

Dr. Frye conducts research investigations on memory, with the intent of contributing to what is known about human memory processes. Dr. Frye conducts:

answer

basic research

question

Which od the following is true

answer

most people do not suffer from unrealistically low self-esteem

question

Naturalistic observations are conducted in order to:

answer

describe behavior

question

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between variables?

answer

negative .95

question

Which of the following represents the average score in a distribution?

answer

the mean

question

After watching their favorite team lose a game, Emma and her friends commented to each other about how they had always known the loss was inevitable. Psychologists call this:

answer

the hindsight bias

question

Dr. Anderson conducts and experiment to see whether exposure to helpful models leads to helping behavior in young children. Of the fourty girls and boys in his study, half are exposed to helpful models while the other half watch the same models not engaged in helping behavior. In this experiment, the dependent variable is:

answer

helping behavior

question

Which of teh following is the best way to generate a random sample of students for a research study

answer

use a table of random numbers to pick participants from a student listing

question

A significant disadvantage of the correlational approach is that it:

answer

does not provide evidence of cause and effect

question

After conducting an experiment, Dr. Fitzpatrick concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the scores of the experimental and control groups. In other words,

answer

it is unlikely that the difference occured by chance

Prologue and Chapter 1 Online Quizzes – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards