Professional Roles and Values 2 – Flashcards

-- assault --battery --defamation of character --false imprisonment --invasion of privacy --infliction of emotional distress

The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence, and to continue personal and professional growth

The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurse's obligation to provide optimum patient care

concern for the welfare of others

right to self-determination- respect the rights of patients to make their own care decisions, honor their rights to refuse care.

respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations. Values and respects all patients, regardless of background.

Acts in accordance with appropriate code of ethics. Provides care on an ethical framework that is accepted in the profession.

Be a health care advocate, allocate resources fairly, report incompetent, unethical, and illegal practices objectively and factually.

NCCAM: National Center for Complimentary and Alternative Medicine

--Science- *facts* brought together by systematic method of inquiry and organized by general principles so we can understand natural phenomena. -- Theory- organizes *concepts and ideas* (rather than facts) to help us understand natural phenomena in new ways.

ICARFS 1. Inclusiveness- include all concepts related to area of interest 2. Consistency- add new entities without the founding assumptions being changed 3. Accuracy- predicts future outcomes 4. Relevance- relate to scientific foundation 5. Fruitfulness- generate new directions for future research 6. Simplicity- can be replicated, makes sense

Theories help guide research- explain, predict, control: health, stress, adaptation and other concepts. Models are more loosely structured than theories. Broad: examples nursing, person, health, environment.

broad in scope (Roger's theory of unitary man), middle- ranged (Jacob's grief of older women), specific population (theory of diabetic self-care management)

Assists nurses with further defining and organizing practice concepts into an underpinning that explains, details, and *claims nursing practice as a unique discipline*

demonstrates concepts, usually with a picture.

to illustrate theories

Primacy of caring: five practice areas of nurses (novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert) and seven domains (helping, teaching-coaching, diagnostic and patient monitoring, monitoring and ensuring quality of health care practices, organizational work-role competencies) http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/nursing/projects/Documents/novice-expert-benner.pdf

1. Nightingale's Theory of Practice- environmental adaptation theory. Health promotion. 2. Peplau- interpersonal relations model- clients feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes, and how nurses can influence this. 3. Rogers- science of unitary human beings- energy fields, openness, pattern- between human beings and universe or environment. 4. Orem- self-care deficit- nurse can evaluate these in client and match with appropriate intervention. 5. Leininger- cultural care diversity and universality. 6. Johnson- behavioral system model: separates physiologic and psychologic aspects of illness. Nurse provides support and comfort to aid in healing. 7. Benner- five practice areas (novice to expert) in seven domains of nursing (helping, etching, monitoring, etc).

to provide an illustration of a theory

an abstract generalization that presents a systematic explanation about how phenomena are interrelated. Must have at least two concept that are related in a way the theory explains.

Body of knowledge (nursing-related data organized in ways that help us better understand various components of nursing) which is commonly referred to as nursing science. Provides a body of scientific knowledge, provides the basis of nursing practice. Organization and collection of data related to nursing and associated components.

person (client, human) health environment nursing

have broadest scope and present general concepts. Not designed for empirical testing. Intended to be pertinent to all instances of nursing. Consist of conceptual frameworks defining broad perspectives.

Narrower in scope than grand nursing theories. Concepts at a lower level of abstraction. Hold great promise for increasing theory-based research and nursing practice strategies.

Most limited scope and level of abstraction. Developed for use within a specific range of nursing situations. Provide frameworks for interventions, predict outcomes, impact nursing practice.

an idea or general impression. Basic ingredients of a theory. Example: health, stress, adaptation.

Theory development helps nurses view their practice in a deeper and more insightful way, organizes nursing knowledge, and results in discovering important new ways to advance nursing practice.3

Person Health Environment Nursing

Self-Care Deficit Model- A nurse fills in the gap when a patient is not able to participate in self-care activities.

Transcultural Care Diversity and Universality-- emphasis on cultural competence to meet human needs to deal with disability, dying, or illness.

Adaptation Model- a person is comprised of a balance of biological, psychological, and social systems. Nurse can promote a person's ability to adapt in the physiological mode, the self-concept mode, the role function mode and the interdependence mode. Two types of coping mechanisms: regulator (physical responses) and cognator (innate and acquired abilities to cope with stress- emotion, judgement, learning).

Philosophy and Science of Caring 1. Caring occurs through interpersonal relationship between nurse and patient. 2. Caring includes carative factors that help satisfy human needs. 3. Effective caring promotes health and growth 4. Nurse's caring responses accept patient as they are and who they may become. 5. Caring promotes development of human potential. 6. Caring is more "healthogenic" than curing: complements the science of curing. 7. The practice of caring is central to nursing.

Describes five levels of skills acquitions and development (novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert). Also four areas of ability as a nurse moves through these levels. 1. Move from abstract rules and principles to past, concrete experiences. 2. Move from rule-based thinking to intuition. 3. View a patient situation as a complex whole but some areas being more relevant than others. 4. Becomes highly involved in clinical situations. Also described several roles that nurses play: teaching, diagnosing, monitoring, management of rapidly changing situations, medical interventions, and work-role competencies.

Clinical Nurse Researcher

Clinical Nurse Specialist

- utilitariansim- an action or practice is right if it leads to the greatest possible balance of good consequences or the least bad consequences. Example: distributing health resources to those who would most benefit from them (90 year old Alzheimers patient vs. healthy adult). -- Dentology- the act that is determined not by the consequences it produces, but by the moral qualities intrinsic to the act itself (resuscitating a viable neonate even if the family cannot pay for care or there are not enough ICU beds). UNIVERSAL AND CONSISTENT BINDING PRINCIPLES

A group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme.

Peplau- interpersonal relations model- clients feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes, and how nurses can influence this.

Rogers- science of unitary human beings- energy fields, openness, pattern- between human beings and universe or environment.

More loosely structured than theories. Conceptual models (or frameworks) and nursing theories are often used interchangeably.

nurse, environment, health, person