PRIMER A LATIN: GRAMMAR CH 1 – 12 – Flashcards
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What are the four Principal Parts?
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Present, Infinitive, Perfect, Passive Participle (or Supline)
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In Latin, both ______ and _________ have endings
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Nouns and Verbs
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What kind of word names the action or state of being in a sentence?
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Verb
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`What is a verb?
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A word that names the action or state of being in a sentence
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Define "conjugation"
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The listing of all verb form or endings
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The number of a verb answers the question . .
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"how many"
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Define the term: Number
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How many people are doing the verb's action (singular or plural)
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Define the term: Person
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Who is doing the verb's action (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
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A noun names a ___, ____ or ____
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Person, place or thing
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What are the two options for numbers?
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Singular and plural
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What are the three options for gender?
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Masculine, feminine, and neuter
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Giving all of the endings for a verb is called _____________ it.
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Conjugating
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Listing all the forms of a noun is called ____________ it.
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Declining
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What does the case of a noun tell us?
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How a noun is used in a sentence
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What are the options for a case?
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Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative
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Give the present tense verb endings
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-o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
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First declension nouns are almost always ___________ in gender
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feminine
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Chant the 1st declension noun endings
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Singular: -a, -ae, -ae, -am, -a Plural: -ae, -arum, -is, -as, -is
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A male teacher is called a __________
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magister
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A female student is called a __________
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discipula
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What are the five cases?
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Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative
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What does the case of a noun help tell you?
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It tells you its role in the sentence
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Translate: Femina intrat
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The woman enters
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Translate: Dominus stat
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The master stands
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Translate: Amicae stant.
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The friends stand.
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Translate: Servi laborant.
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The slaves work.
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Translate: Famula laborat.
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The servant works.
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Translate: amo
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I love
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Translate: regina
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queen
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Translate: via
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road, way
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Translate: patria
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Fatherland
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Translate: fabula
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Story
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Translate: amatis
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you all love
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Translate: intrant
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they enter
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Translate: narras
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you tell
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Translate: laboramus
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We work
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Translate: dat
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He/she gives
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Translate: erro
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I wander
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Translate: specto
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I look at
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Translate: sto
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I stand
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Give the chant for the declension of mensa
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Singular: mensa, mensae, mensae, mensam, mensa Plural: mensae, mensarum, mensis, mensas, mensis
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Translate: specto
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I look at
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Translate: Aquarius laborat.
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The water carrier works.
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Servi clamant
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The slaves shout
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Chant and translate sum in the present-tense endings
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sum: i am es: you are est: he, she, it is sumus: we are estis: you all are sunt: they are
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Translate: neco
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I kill
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Translate: pugnamus
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we fight
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Translate: auxilii (gen.)
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of help
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Translate: mandant
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they entrust
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Translate: oppugnas
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you attack
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What is the neuter rule?
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Neuter nouns always have the same forms in the nominative and accusative (and the plural forms of the neuter nominative and accusative will always end with an "a".)
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What kind of words do the cases of Latin frequently include?
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prepositions
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The _______ noun and ___________________ noun are the two noun jobs that will always be seen in the nominative case.
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subject and predicate (or nominative)
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What nouns rename the subject?
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predicate noun or nominative
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What two noun jobs are always in the nominative case?
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subject and predicate nominative
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What is a predicate nominative?
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A noun that appears with a linking verb and a subject and renames the subject.
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What is this? A noun that appears with a linking verb and a subject and renames the subject
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Predicate nominative
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Translate: Magister vigilat
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The teacher watches
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Translate: Filia habitat
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The daughter lives
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Translate: Dominus clamat
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Thew master shouts
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Translate: Servi demonstrant
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The slaves point out.
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Translate: Germanus pugnat
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The brother fights
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Translate: Amica amulat
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The friend walks
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Translate: Lupus vigilat
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The wolf watches
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Translate: Socii mandant
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The allies entrust
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Translate: Oppodum oppugnat
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The town attacks
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Translate: Pueri ambulant
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The boys walk
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Translate: Famulus necat
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The servant kills
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Translate: Discipulae errant
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The students wander
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What are the adjective case endings for: Singular: Masculine
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-us, -i, -o, -um, -o
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What are the adjective case endings for: Singular Feminine
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-a, -ae, -ae, -am, -a
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What are the adjective case endings for: Singular Neuter
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-um, -i, -o, -um, -o
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What are the adjective case endings for: Plural, Masculine
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-i, -orum, -is, -os, -is
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What are the adjective case endings for: Plural, Feminine
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-ae, -arum, -is, -as, -is
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What are the adjective case endings for: Plural Neuter
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-a, -orum, -is, -a, -is
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The three adjective questions are
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What kind? Which one? How many?
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Adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify in ______, ____________ and ________
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gender, number, and case
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Translate: Marcus est amicus
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Marcus is a friend
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Translate: Filii sunt discipuli
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The sons are students
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Translate: Dominus est socius
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The master is an associate
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Translate: Servus est filius
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The servant is a son
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When a linking verb is used to tie an adjective to the subject, we call that adjective a ___________ adjective
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predicate
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Translate: Vir intrat
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The man enters
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Translate: Vir est magister
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The man is a teacher
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Translate: Viri sunt boni
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The men are good
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What are the noun jobs for each of the five noun cases?
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Nominative: subject (SN), predicate nominative (PrN) Genitive: possessive noun adjective (PNA) Dative: Indirect object (DO), object of the preposition (OP) Accusative: direct object (DO), object of the preposition (OP) Ablative: Object of the preposition (OP)
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What are the sentence patterns?
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Pattern A: SN V Pattern B: SN LV PrN Pattern C: SN LV PrA
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True or False: In Latin, adjective and nouns agree with one another
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True
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Do adjective and nouns agree with one another in Latin?
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Yes
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What does it mean to have adjectives and nouns agree with one another?
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This means they have the same gender, number, and case (such as discipulus bonus (good male student) and discipula bona (good female student).
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What are the 1st declension noun endings?
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Singular: -a, -ae, -ae, -am, -a Plural: -ae, -arum, -is, -as, -is
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Chant Sum (I am)
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Singular: sum, es, est Plural: sumus, estis, sunt
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What are the 1st declension nouns (mensa)
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Singular: mensa, mensae, mensae, mensam, mensa Plural: mensae, mensarum, mensis, mensas, mensis
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What are the 2nd declension noun endings?
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Singular: -us, -i, -o, -um, -o Plural: -i, -orum, -is, -os, -is
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List the Noun Job and Abbreviation for: Nominative
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Noun job: Subjwect, Predicate, Nominative Abbr: SN, PrN
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List the Noun Job and Abbreviation for: Genitive
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Noun job: Possessive Noun Adjective Abbr: PNA
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List the Noun Job and Abbreviation for: Dative
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Noun Job: Indirect object Abbr: IO
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List the Noun Job and Abbreviation for: Accusative
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Noun Job: Direct Object, Object of the Preposition Abbr: DO, OP
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List the Noun Job and Abbreviation for: Ablative
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Noun job: Object of the Preposition Abbr: OP
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The 1st person means
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"I" or "we"
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The 2nd person means
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you or you (as in you all - plural)
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The 3rd person means
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he / she / it or they
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True or false: Each person can be either singular or plural?
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True
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What is the definition of a 'derivative"
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They are English words that come from Latin words
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What is a conjugation?
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A list showing a verb together with its endings
