Prentice Hall Biology Chapter 11 Vocabulary – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
genetics
answer
the scientific study of heredity
question
fertilization
answer
a process where the male and female reproductive cells join
question
true-breeding
answer
if they were allowed to self-pollinat, they would produce offspring identical to themselves
question
trait
answer
a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
question
hybrids
answer
the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
question
genes
answer
the chemical factors that determine traits
question
alleles
answer
different forms of a gene
question
segregation
answer
separation
question
gametes
answer
sex cells
question
probability
answer
the likelihood that a particular event will occur
question
Punnett square
answer
a diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
question
homozygous
answer
organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait
question
heterozygous
answer
organisms that two different alleles for the same trait
question
phenotype
answer
physical characteristics
question
genotypes
answer
genetic make up
question
independent assortment
answer
a principal that the alleles for seed shape segregated independently those for seed color
question
incomplete dominance
answer
cases in which one allele is not completely dominant dominant over another
question
codominance
answer
a situation in which both alleles contribute to the phenotype
question
multiple alleles
answer
genes that ahem more than two alleles
question
polygenic traits
answer
having many genes
question
homologous
answer
each of the 4 chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent
question
diploid
answer
a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
question
haploid
answer
cells that contain only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
question
meiosis
answer
a process of reproduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
question
tetrad
answer
structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
question
crossing-over
answer
a process where tetrads exchange portions of there chromatids
question
gene map
answer
diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome
