Practice Test #4 - Flashcards

Q: Darley and LatanÃ© described a sequence of decisions a bystander must make before he or she will intervene in an emergency. Which of the following is NOT one of the specific steps?

assessing the victim\'s desire for help

Q: Altruism is to _______ as egoism is to _______.

another\'s welfare; one\'s own welfare

Q: A common excuse for noncooperation is

\"I couldn\'t have made a difference anyway.\"

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Self-disclosure involves

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revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

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You feel obligated to vote in the next election, especially because you are usually the first one to complain about the incumbent president. However, you have not had the time to research the positions taken by the candidates. Social psychologists would confidently predict that you are likely to choose the candidate

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whose name you have heard most often.

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In comparison to women, men fall in love more _______ and out of love more _______.

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readily; slowly

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Schafer and Keith (1980) conducted surveys of several hundred married couples and found that spouses who perceived inequity in their marriage felt more

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distressed and depressed.

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Williams and his colleagues (2001) found that when ostracized during an online Frisbee-like game, players were _______ to conform to others' wrong judgments on a subsequent perceptual task.

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somewhat likely

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The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined is called

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companionate love.

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When benefits are proportional to contributions in a relationship,

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equity exists.

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After Mr. Walters' neighbor helped him paint his house, Mr. Walters felt obligated to offer to help the neighbor remodel his kitchen. Mr. Walters' sense of obligation most likely resulted from the

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reciprocity norm.

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Omitting certain people from one's circle of moral concern is called

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moral exclusion.

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According to the text, the social responsibility norm gets selectively applied according to which one of the following principles?

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Give people what they deserve.

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The fact that a person is less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present is called

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the bystander effect.

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Both European Christians who risked their lives to rescue Jews during the Nazi era and civil rights activists of the 1950s reported that

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they had warm, close relationships with at least one parent who was a "strong moralist" and committed to humanitarian causes.

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Darley and Latané described a sequence of decisions a bystander must make before he or she will intervene in an emergency. Which of the following is NOT one of the specific steps?

answer

assessing the victim's desire for help

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Altruism is to _______ as egoism is to _______.

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another's welfare; one's own welfare

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After their town was ravaged by a disastrous tornado, two rival community groups set aside their differences and worked together on repairing the damage. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of

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superordinate goals.

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Review of desegregation situations show that sometimes increased contact improves racial attitudes and sometimes it does not, especially when there is

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anxiety or perceived threat.

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When considering reactions to a common external threat, approval of President Bush's performance after September 11, 2001

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increased

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A common excuse for noncooperation is

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"I couldn't have made a difference anyway."

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In the tragedy of the commons, the "commons" refers to

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any jointly used, finite resource.

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According to Hatfield, Walster, and Berscheid (1978), when people feel exploited they can react to it with various responses EXCEPT

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joining the unexploited group.

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When volunteers in a research experiment spent time with strangers in self-disclosing conversations, they felt

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remarkably close to their partners.

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Each year Canada and the United States record _____ divorce/s for every _____ marriage/s.

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1;2

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The fact that people prefer letters appearing in their own name illustrates the

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mere exposure effect

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Which is NOT one of the three ways people cope with a failing relationship, according to Rusbult and her colleagues?

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denial, denying the problem exists

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Rosalinda, who is attractive, very intelligent, and high in social status, marries Jorge, who is also attractive, very intelligent, and high in social status. Their relationship is best understood as an example of

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the matching phenomenon.

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Ruth is quite attractive (a 4 on a 5-point scale), but Naomi is strikingly attractive (a 5 on a 5-point scale). Research suggests that if Ruth makes $35,000 a year on her job, Naomi will probably make _______ doing the same job.

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more money

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Who is likely to receive the most responses to his personal ad?

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Bill, who emphasizes his income

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Ian is from England, Dan is from America, and Tam is from India. Which one of these people is most likely to support and act on the norm of social responsibility?

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Tam

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Research evidence indicates that prosocial models of helping

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promote altruism in the observers.

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According to the text, individuals who identify as _______ in terms of spiritual commitment are most likely to report working among the poor, infirm, or elderly.

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highly committed

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When people need our help, we are most likely to provide assistance if we attribute their need to

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circumstances beyond their control.

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If victims seem to have created their own problems by laziness or lack of foresight, people are less willing to offer help. Helping responses are thus closely tied to

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attribution

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Katzev (1978) found that when people were reprimanded at a zoo for feeding unauthorized food to bears, they were _______ to help another person afterwards than if they had not been reprimanded.

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more likely

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DeBruine (2002) found that when students played an interactive game with a supposed other player, participants were _______ when the other person's pictured faced had some features of their own face morphed into it.

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more trusting and more generous

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According to conflict researchers, you are more likely to divulge your needs and concerns if your relationship with your partner includes

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trust

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Knowing that one's group has over-benefited can trigger

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devaluation of others' inputs.

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Which of the following is cited in the text as an example of changing payoffs to resolve social dilemmas?

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allowing carpoolers to drive in the faster, freeway lane

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Attempting to explain one's own behavior situationally is a characteristic of

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both dilemmas.

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Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic that conflict expert Deutsch (1993) advises negotiators to exhibit?

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sympathy

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All of the following are examples of implicit egotism EXCEPT

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we want to name our children using family names.

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What you find is attractive depends on

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what you are comparing it to.

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Those involved in relationships marked by long-term equity

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are unconcerned with short-term equity.

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Hatfield gave university women evaluations, affirming the self-esteem of some and wounding others with negative evaluations. Each participant was then asked to evaluate a man who had earlier asked her for a date. Women whose evaluations had been _______ expressed _______ the man.

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negative; more liking of

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Spouses are more likely than random paired people to share common attitudes, beliefs, and values. The _____ the similarity the _____ they are.

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greater; happier

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According to research conclusions reached by Singh and his colleagues (2000), which of the following is TRUE?

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Dissimilar attitudes depress liking more than similar attitudes enhance liking.

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In which of the following countries is the norm of social responsibility supported most strongly?

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India

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The tendency to overestimate others' ability to "read" our internal states is called the illusion of

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transparency

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In helping situations,

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there are gender differences depending on the situation.

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We tend to help more often when

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we have just observed someone else helping.

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Solomon and Solomon (1978) found that bystanders who _______ were more likely to offer aid to a person.

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identified themselves to one another by name and age

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You are asked to participate in a blood drive. In thinking about doing so, you weigh the costs (e.g., being pricked by a needle) and benefits (e.g., feeling good about yourself) of doing so. This strategy can be predicted by the

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social-exchange theory.

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In the experimental studies of bystander non-intervention, researchers have

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been careful to debrief their laboratory participants.

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Which of the following is cited in the text as a method for resolving social dilemmas?

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communication

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Osgood's (1980) GRIT strategy is an alternative that best fits into the _______ category of the "four C's of peacemaking."

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conciliation

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In the Prisoner's Dilemma, if both prisoners confess, each will get a _______; if neither confesses, each will _______.

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moderate sentence; get a light sentence

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The relationship between the size of a group and a person's feeling of responsibility for it is

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negative

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Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Osgood's (1980) GRIT strategy?

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Build up first-strike capability to negotiate from a position of strength.

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Research on laboratory dilemmas reveals that cooperation is facilitated if

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the opponents can communicate with one another.

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The evolutionary view of physical attractiveness is supported by research showing that men in many cultures worldwide prefer female characteristics that signify

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reproductive capacity.

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Baumeister and others (2001) sum up research by noting in everyday life, _____ events have stronger and more lasting consequences than _____ events.

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bad; good

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At a party, Ellie meets Rob and Blake. The three get involved in a philosophical discussion that lasts through the evening. By the end of the evening, Ellie has discovered that she and Blake see things eye-to-eye, whereas she and Rob see things differently. All else being equal, Ellie will probably like

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blake better

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Kenrick and his colleagues (1989) found that to men who have recently been viewing a television show featuring three beautiful women, average women seem _______ attractive, confirming the _______.

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less; contrast effect

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According to the text, the first step in scientifically studying romantic love is to

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define and measure it

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There are many ways to increase helping behaviors in people. Which is NOT one of the ways identified in the chapter?

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Guilt-laden people don't tend to help others.

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Myers suggests that there are a number of reasons why individuals who live in big cities tend to be less helpful. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons?

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They become cold and uncaring after living in a city.

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Confederates who were dressed either conservatively or in counterculture garb approached either "straight" or "hip" college students and asked for change to make a phone call. Results of this experiment confirmed a _______ bias in helping.

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similarity

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Regarding people who are within one's circle of moral concern is called

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moral inclusion.

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In an enactment of the Good Samaritan situation, Darley and Batson (1973) studied the helpfulness of Princeton seminarians in order to assess whether helping behavior was influenced by

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time pressures

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Keisha is stopped on the street by a panhandler. She is most likely to give money if

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she just had her picture taken.

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By emphasizing the contribution Jackie Robinson might make to the Brooklyn Dodgers' winning the 1947 pennant, Branch Rickey used _______ to reduce racial prejudice and conflict among team members.

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a superordinate goal

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Which of the following is NOT one of the four C's of peacemaking identified in the text?

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correction

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In the commons dilemma, people often consume more than they realize when

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resources are not partitioned.

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When people describe themselves in personal ads, women often offer _______ and seek _______.

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attractiveness; status

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Hatfield defines _______ as a state of intense longing for union with another.

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passionate love

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According to the text, which characteristic is NOT true of people who usually stay married?

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They cohabited or became pregnant before marriage.

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Which adult attachment style is marked by individuals being less invested in relationships and more likely to engage in one-night stands?

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dismissive

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Social ostracism evokes a brain response similar to that triggered by

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physical pain

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When comparing ourselves and others to models and "beautiful" people in the media, we

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devalue our potential mates and ourselves.

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You are a regular contributor to an Internet chat room. One day the other participants seem to ignore every comment you make. Research suggests you will likely

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experience stress and a depressed mood.

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When faced with potentially dangerous situations where strangers need help,

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men help the most

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Evolutionary psychologists would have greatest difficulty explaining why

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Jill agreed to donate bone marrow to save the life of a stranger.

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The idea that altruism towards one's close relatives enhances the survival of mutually shared genes is referred to as

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kin selection.

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A classmate of Bianca's wants to borrow Bianca's notes to study for an upcoming exam. Research suggests that Bianca will most likely agree if the classmate says she needs the notes because she

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has been absent due to illness.

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Which is NOT one of the reasons that affect us as to when we will help others?

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avoiding eye contact

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At the beginning of 2000, people were aware that global warming was already occurring, yet they were also buying gas-slurping SUVs in record numbers. This is an example of

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how knowing good does not always lead to doing good.

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Which one of the following is NOT one of the seeds of misperception, according to your text?

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reduced competition

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Which of the following best illustrates a superordinate goal?

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apartment dwellers install a television antenna they can all use.

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Peace is defined as

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the outcome of creatively managed conflict.

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Ahmed and Fatima, two teenage siblings, are fighting over the evening newspaper. Knowing Ahmed only wants the sports section and Fatima only wants the latest stock quotations, their mother takes the paper and gives each the section containing the news of interest. In this case the mother arrived at a(n)

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integrative agreement.

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Psychologist Robert Sternberg views love as a triangle whose three sides include all BUT which of the following?

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attachment

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Brent is a White man who has been given a choice to work with Darwin or Ken. Darwin is a Black man who shares many of Brent's values and attitudes, and Ken is a White man who shares little in common with Brent. Who will Brent like and want to work with most?

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Darwin

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Studies on computer composites of faces show that

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perfectly average is quite attractive.

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Hatfield and her colleagues (1966) matched University of Minnesota freshmen for a Welcome Week dance. When the students were asked to evaluate their dates, what determined whether they liked each other?

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physical attractiveness

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"Negative information carries more weight because being less usual, it grabs more attention." This statement is an example of the

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bad is stronger than good principle.

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Paula has just arrived as a new student on campus and does not know anyone. All else being equal, is she most likely to become friends with Joni who lives next door, with Kristy who lives two doors down, with Beth who lives three doors down, or with Heidi who lives in the room directly above hers?

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Joni

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Pedestrians who are more likely to help another pedestrian pick up a dropped envelope are those who

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just had their photograph taken.

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A stranger has collapsed on a city sidewalk due to a heart attack. According to Darley and Latané, what is the first thing that must happen before you will help in this emergency?

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You must notice the stranger.

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Our eagerness to do well after doing something bad reflects our need to

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both reduce private guilt and reclaim a positive public image.

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People who live in _______ are least likely to relay a phone message, mail lost letters, cooperate with survey interviewers, do small favors, or help a lost child.

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big cities

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According to Phinney (1990), someone who identifies with both his or her ethnic culture and the larger culture is said to have a _______ identity.

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bicultural

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_______ occurs when a neutral third party studies a conflict and imposes a settlement.

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Arbitration

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According to Staub and Bar-Tal (2003) all of the following are characteristics of a group in intractable conflict EXCEPT the group that

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attributes similar characteristics to the other group.

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In research on social dilemmas, it has been found that group discussion

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led to greater cooperation and better outcomes for all participants.

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The relationship between mimicry and rapport is

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positive

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If you are new in the office and want to make new friends, your best bet is to get a desk

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near where people hang out

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One national survey found that 86 percent of those who were unhappily married but who stayed with the marriage, were, when re-interviewed five years later,

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mostly "very" or "quite" happy.

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In a study of whether or not mimicry increases rapport, van Baaren and his colleagues (2003) found that restaurant servers earned higher tips if they

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repeated the order back to the customer.

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Bill and Susie's relationship becomes progressively more intimate as each engages in self-revelation in response to the other's self-disclosure. Their relationship is marked by the _______ effect.

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disclosure reciprocity

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Melanie believes that her boyfriend enjoys far more benefits from their relationship than she does, even though she invests more time, effort, and resources. Clearly, Melanie believes that her relationship with her boyfriend lacks

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equity

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University students were more willing to make a charity pledge when

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it was for someone who had bought them candy.

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_______ are twice as likely as _______ to seek medical and psychiatric help.

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women; men

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Who of the following is most likely to respond favorably to an unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?

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Melvin's mother, who just received a very favorable job evaluation from her employer

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Batson and his colleagues (1981) had university women watch another woman suffer a series of painful shocks. Some participants were led to feel empathy for her and were then asked if they would trade places, taking her remaining shocks. The results indicated that

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most participants agreed to help even if they knew that their part in the experiment was complete.

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The free address labels that come with mailings that solicit donations to philanthropic causes likely follow the

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reciprocity norm.

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Gurin and her colleagues (2002) found that informal interactions enabled by ethnic diversity in college classrooms

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tend to foster greater acceptance of differences among ethnic groups.

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Sato (1987) gave Japanese students opportunities to harvest trees in a simulated forest for money. When the students equally shared the costs of planting the forest, the result was that

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most of the trees were harvested before they had grown to the most profitable size.

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_______ occurs when a neutral third party attempts to facilitate communication and offer suggestions for how to resolve a conflict.

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Mediation

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Factory workers want a pay rate of $15 per hour, and management offers $12 per hour. After weeks of conflict, they agree to have a third party set the pay scale. After hearing both sides, the third party sets the rate at $14. This is an example of resolving conflict through

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arbituation

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The advice to continue having romantic dinners, trips to the theatre, and vacations once married would most probably be offered by the

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reward theory of attraction

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In studies at the University of Maryland, Clark and Mills found that tit-for-tat exchanges _______ people's liking for each other when _______.

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diminished; they sought true friendship

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When unacquainted male-female pairs gazed intently for two minutes into each other's eyes for a research project, what was the result?

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They felt attraction and affection.

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According to the text, people in a hurry may be less willing to help because they

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never fully grasp the situation as one requiring their assistance.

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A major weakness of the social-exchange theory is that it

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easily degenerates into explaining-by-naming.

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The social responsibility norm refers to the expectation that

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people will help those dependent upon them.

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The communitarian synthesis emphasizes

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both individualist and collectivist values.

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Rodney and Ralph are twin brothers who each contributed $75 to purchase a new bicycle. Rodney rides it 75 percent of the time. This would be an example of

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an inequitable relationship.

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Studies from eleven countries show adolescents have more positive peer relationships and may achieve more when working _____, rather than _____.

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cooperatively; competitively

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The reciprocal views that parties in conflict often hold of one another are referred to as

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mirror-image perceptions.

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Before they married, Melinda and Michael, who are both employed full time and collect the same pay, agreed to share equally in routine household tasks such as cleaning and grocery shopping. In reality, Melinda is now doing about 80 percent of the household work. This situation is an example of

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an inequitable relationship.

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Anticipatory liking-expecting that someone will be pleasant and compatible-increases the chance of

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forming a rewarding relationship.

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An example of implicit egotism is our tendency to

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like the familiar.

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Seven in ten infants exhibit _______ attachment.

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secure

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In observing people's responses to staged emergencies, Darley and Latané (1970) found that _______ greatly decreased intervention.

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the presence of other bystanders

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Social-exchange is a _______ theory, while social norms is a _______ theory.

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psychological; sociological

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According to the social-exchange theory, we use a _______ strategy in deciding when and whether to help others.

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minimax

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Mio (1993) and her colleagues found that after reading about the commons dilemma, theater patrons

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littered less

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Mediators seek to establish _______ agreements that reconcile both parties' interests to their mutual benefit.

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integrative

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Aronson's jigsaw technique involved having elementary school children

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form academically and racially diverse groups, with each member of the group becoming an expert in one area.

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Functional distance refers to

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how often people's paths cross.

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The tendency for opposites to mate or marry

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has never been reliably demonstrated.

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According to the text, the _______ of altruism propose(s) two types of prosocial behavior: a tit-for-tat reciprocal exchange and a more unconditional, intrinsic helpfulness.

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social norms, social-exchange, and evolutionary theories

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Sociologist Gouldner (1960) contended that the norm of reciprocity

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is as universal as the incest taboo.

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Darley and Batson (1973) gave Princeton seminary students time to think about a talk that they were about to have recorded, and then sent them to the recording studio. Participants who had been _______ were most likely to stop and offer aid to a "victim" they encountered en route to the recording studio.

answer

given extra time to reach the studio

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In general, all but one statement is a way of improving relations towards peacemaking. Which of the following is NOT one of the predictors for decreasing prejudice?

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distance

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The outcome of creatively managed conflict is

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peace

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In Rubin's research, "strong-love" couples differed from "weak-love" couples in that they

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gazed more into each other's eyes.

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Jen is more in love with Stan today than the day she married him. According to research on the relationship between love and perceived attractiveness,

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Jen probably finds Stan to be more attractive today than the day she married him.

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According to the text, the relationship between the extent to which we are in love with someone and how physically attractive we find that person to be is

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positive

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John Gottman (1994,1998) noted that healthy marriages were NOT marked by

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a lack of conflict

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Research on the relationship between personality traits and helping behavior revealed that

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the person and the situation interact to predict helping.

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A person who is intensely self-focused in profound grief would

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be less likely to help others.

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_______ is an emotion evoked by sympathy for another.

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empathy

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In a study by Latané and Rodin (1969), a female experimenter apparently fell and hurt her ankle. When pairs of strangers confronted the emergency, what percentage offered help?

answer

40 percent

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Who among the following psychologists believes that genuine empathy-induced altruism is part of human nature?

answer

Batson

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The Republic of Fredonia believes its long-time enemy, the kingdom of Franistan, is aggressive, greedy, and impulsive. On the other hand, Franistan believes Fredonia is hostile, selfish, and unpredictable. This is an example of

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mirror-image perceptions.

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Pursuing one's self-interest to the collective detriment of one's community or society is the central pattern in

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a social dilemma.

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According to research, it seems that just knowing about the dire consequences of noncooperation in a social dilemma

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has little real effect on people's behavior.

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Conflict is defined as

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perceived incompatibility of actions or goals.

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_______ includes strategies, such as flattery, by which people seek to gain another's favor.

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integration

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Which statement is NOT true?

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Humans in only some cultures use ostracism to regulate behavior.

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Research indicates that friendships and romantic relationships that form on the Internet are more likely than in-person relationships to

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last at least two years

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Which of the following proverbs is clearly NOT supported by the research findings?

answer

"Opposites attract."

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Batson believes that true altruism does exist in feelings of sympathy and compassion for others. Which is NOT an example of genuine altruism?

answer

Helping others by giving to a charity that supports an issue we think is really important

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You were walking down the street with your friend Sabrina when she stopped to ask a child why he was crying. The boy said that he was lost, so Sabrina took time out of her busy day to help the child find his way home. Sabrina's behavior can be characterized by

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altruism.

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In Sherif's research, the camper groups became hostile towards each other when

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competition between the groups was introduced.

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The smaller the group, the more

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responsibility each person feels for it.

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Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the physical attractiveness stereotype?

answer

What is beautiful is good.

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Mary, a talkative, extraverted young woman, is strongly attracted to Shane, a quiet, introverted, middle-aged man. Mary's attraction to Shane would be predicted by the

answer

complementarity hypothesis.

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Which theory suggests that love is a function of physiological arousal along with the label that we give to our arousal?

answer

two-factor theory

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The notion that humans interact in such a way as to minimize costs and maximize rewards to the self is referred to as

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the social-exchange theory.

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Researchers have found that with door-to-door solicitation, there is more success with requests for contributions when they are

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small.

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Altruism researcher Daniel Batson reported that empathy-induced altruism

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can feed favoritism, injustice, and indifference.

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Latané and Darley attempted to explain people's failure to intervene in cases like that of Kitty Genovese, a woman who was violently attacked, in terms of

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situational influences.

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Which of the following is an effective way to increase helping behavior?

answer

model prosocial behavior

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Latané and Darley (1968) had university students complete questionnaires in a small room, and then had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working _______ tended to notice the smoke in _______.

answer

alone; less than five seconds.

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Ralph White reviewed ten wars from the last century and reported that each was marked by at least one misperception. Which of the following was NOT on this list?

answer

overestimating the leaders' power

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Some individuals have many children so that they can ensure someone will take care of them in the future. However, this contributes to the collective devastation of overpopulation. This is an example of

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a social dilemma.

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Motto and Yoko are roommates and are experiencing a conflict about what type of cable television service is within their budget. They negotiate by having Yoko, who wanted a more expensive service, pay the remainder of the bill after both of them have paid for half of the cost of the less expensive service. What form of communication did Motto and Yoko use to resolve their conflict?

answer

bargaining

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After learning about a former co-worker who recently passed away due to cancer, you call a loved one. This is an example of how reminders of death

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heighten our need to belong.

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Which of the following techniques should elementary schoolteachers use if they hope to promote enduring altruistic tendencies in students?

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Show them films of heroes who risked their own welfare to help others.

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When looking at ingroup similarity and helping, researchers noted all of the following EXCEPT

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one way to increase people's willingness to help others is to promote social identities that are more exclusive than inclusive.

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What principle or concept suggests that rewarding people for their helpfulness may, in the long run, undermine their self-motivated altruism?

answer

the overjustification effect

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According to Slavin (2003), a "practical, proven method for implementing contact theory in the desegregated classroom," is

answer

cooperative learning.

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David and Julie fought over what to name their new puppy, until finally they went to their children for a decision. David and Julie relied on _______ to resolve their conflict.

answer

arbitration

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Which statement tends NOT to be true, related to misperceptions in conflict?

answer

There are no issues related to "bias blind spots."

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If an attorney creates a Prisoner-like Dilemma for two suspects, the attorney's goal is to

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create an incentive for both of them to confess privately.

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The U.S. Supreme Court's 2003 decision that racial diversity may be a criterion in admissions to colleges and universities was

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based on research findings that revealed that racial diversity in the classroom has positive consequences.

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The tendency for one person's intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner is referred to as

answer

disclosure reciprocity.

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Which of your friends is most likely to report a preference for a mate who is homely and warm over one who is attractive and cold?

answer

your best friend Carol

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In McMillen and Austin's research (1971), participants who had lied were more likely to

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volunteer a large amount of time.

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According to the social-exchange theory, the rewards that motivate helping are

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internal or external.

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Who of the following is LEAST likely to help an injured pedestrian?

answer

Ivan, who is five minutes late for a committee meeting.

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_______ occurs when conflicted parties seek an agreement through direct negotiation.

answer

Bargaining

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When we think we are interested in knowing someone and think about approaching them, especially someone from outside our racial or social group, we assume our body language will show our interest. This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT

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people often underestimate the transparency of their feelings.

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The contrast effect of feeling less attractive after viewing a super attractive person applies to our self-perceptions, especially for

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women

question

Research on gender and helping norms revealed that _______ offered more help when the persons in need were females, and _______ offered help equally to males and females.

answer

men; women

question

The notion of egoism maintains that

answer

self-interest motivates all behavior.

question

Research on gender and helping norms revealed that

answer

females seek more help

question

One potential way to prevent conflict is to

answer

avoid making excess regulations.

question

In a classic study, Newcomb (1961) found that among students who lived together in a boardinghouse for many weeks, the ones who were most likely to have formed close friendships were those who

answer

had the highest initial agreement on attitudes.

question

A stranger rides the same bus you do to school every day. According to the mere exposure effect, as the days pass you will come to view the stranger

answer

more favorably.

question

According to the evolutionary theory, it can be predicted that it is more likely that

answer

parents will be more devoted to their children than vice versa.

question

Christina and Massimo have been saving money since they got married. Now Massimo wants to buy a new car, but Christina wants to continue saving for a new house. Massimo and Christina

answer

are experiencing conflict.

question

Triandis (1994) reported that _______ immigrants felt more comfortable identifying with their ethnicity than _______ immigrants.

answer

grandchildren of; second-generation

question

As Sherif noted, despite the fact that the competitive behavior of the boys in the warring camps seemed "wicked, disturbed, and vicious," what actually triggered their evil behavior was

answer

an evil situation.

question

A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions is the definition of

answer

the need to belong

question

Helping _______ a bad mood and _______ a good mood.

answer

softens; sustains

question

Esses and his colleagues (2004) found that competition breeds conflict when

answer

people perceive that resources are limited and available on a non-zero-sum basis.

question

What does your text refer to as the "golden rule" of social justice?

answer

"Whoever has the gold makes the rules."

question

The occurrence of conflict in any relationship

answer

can stimulate improved human relations.

question

When both sides of a conflict believe "we are peace-loving - they are hostile," each may treat the other in ways that _____ expectations.

answer

confirm

question

The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that passionate love can be increased by

answer

physical arousal

question

Twelve-month-old Joshua enters an unfamiliar laboratory playroom with his mother. When she leaves, he gets distressed. When she returns, he runs to her and hugs her close. After this intense reunion, he returns to playing. Joshua demonstrates the characteristics of ______ attachment.

answer

secure

question

The network of traits that predisposes a person to be helpful are all of the following EXCEPT

answer

high in awareness.

question

In a study by Latané and Rodin (1969), a female experimenter apparently fell and hurt her ankle. What percentage of participants who were alone offered help?

answer

70 percent

question

In small groups, as opposed to large ones, individuals are

answer

less likely to take more than their equal share.

question

According to the two-factor theory of emotion, being aroused by _______ should intensify passionate feelings.

answer

any source

question

Mr. Lemming's neighbors mowed his lawn, but he was too sick and weak to reciprocate. We can predict that Mr. Lemming may feel

answer

demeaned because he can not reciprocate

question

Through the use of _______, Muzafer Sherif made boy camper enemies into friends.

answer

superordinate goals

question

John believes that he is hardworking and that his wife Rachel is lazy. Rachel believes that she is hardworking and that John is lazy. This is an example of

answer

mirror-image perception

question

Evolutionary psychology contends that the essence of life is

answer

gene survival

question

Hoffman (1981) reported that infants cry more when they hear another infant crying. This is an example of

answer

empathy

question

The misperceptions of those who are in conflict with each other, such as two nations who regard each other with suspicion and hostility, are usually

answer

mutual

question

Who among the following psychologists believes that genuine empathy-induced altruism is part of human nature?

answer

Batson

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