Port/Span 414 BYU Final – Flashcards
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Which of the following is an example of intralingual translation?
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Rewording of a phrase in the same language
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Which of the following is an example of interlingual translation?
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Translation of a document from Japanese to English
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Which of the following is an example of intersemiotic translation?
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A film version of a book
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Who proposed the map of the field of translation studies?
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James S. Holmes and Gideon Toury
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What are the two elements of 'pure' translation studies?
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Theoretical and descriptive
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What are the three elements of 'applied' translation studies?
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Translator training, translation aids and translation criticism
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Van Doorslaer's map is divided into 'translation' and 'translation studies'. Which of the following is classified under 'translation studies'?
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Theories
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Which one of the following statements about translation is true?
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Translation has a three-fold nature: communicative act, textual operation and cognitive activity
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Only one statement out of the three below is true. Select the one you think is accurate:
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Translation can be defined as a process, a product and a professional activity
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What textual function would you say this short text has: "Enter to Learn-Go forth to Serve"?
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Appellative. Its aim is to persuade and compel to action
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In Western translation theory, what was the contribution of Cicero?
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He translated the speeches of Greek orators through creative imitation
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In Western translation theory, what translation method did St. Jerome say he was using?
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He preferred sense-for-sense translation over word-for-word translation except in the translation of the Bible
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In Dao'an's writing about the translation of Buddhist sutras into Chinese, which of the following does he note as difficulties?
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A. Directing the message to a new audience B. Changing the purpose of the text C. The special status of the source text Correct answer:Both A and C
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What was the key difficulty of the Arab translators of Greek scientific texts in the Abbāsid period?
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Whether to translate, borrow or explain technical terms
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What was the importance of the translation method of Martin Luther?
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He translated into everyday German and thereby helped to strengthen the German language
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Dryden proposed three methods of translation. Which corresponds to literal or word-for-word translation?
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Metaphrase
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Which of the following is the most important of Tytler's 'laws' of translation?
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Accuracy to the source text content
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What is Schleiermacher's preferred translation strategy?
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To move the reader towards the writer
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Which of the three translation principles of Yan Fu refers to elegance/gracefulness?
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yӑ
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Why was Luther's inclusion of the word allein in his translation of the Bible so controversial at the time?
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It had doctrinal implications unacceptable to Catholic theologists
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What are the meanings of Saussure's terms langue and parole?
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Langue is the system of language and parole is the individual utterances
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What is Jakobson's stance towards equivalence of meaning between languages?
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All things are translatable except perhaps poetry
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What are the three phases of Nida's system of translation?
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Analysis, transfer and restructuring
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What are the types of meaning that Nida analyses?
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Linguistic, referential and connotative meaning
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What are the two 'basic orientations' of translation described by Nida?
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Formal equivalence (later called 'formal correspondence') and dynamic equivalence (later called 'functional equivalence')
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Which of Newmark's types of translation corresponds to Nida's 'dynamic equivalence'?
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Communicative translation
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Which of Koller's types of equivalence corresponds to Nida's 'dynamic equivalence'?
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Pragmatic equivalence
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What is a tertium comparationis?
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A comparison against which departure from meaning in an ST and TT may be gauged
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Which of the following ethical perspectives and core value pairings as suggested by Chesterman is FALSE?
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A. Representation + faithfulness and truth B. Expectation-base ethics + promptness C. Intercultural communication + Intercultural cooperation The false one is B
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How does componential analysis help translators?
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Helps translators identify, discriminate and compare specific features of a range of semantically-related words
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Which of the following best explains the difference between a translation strategy and procedure?
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A strategy is a higher-level approach to a text, while a procedure is a technique used at a specific point in the text
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What are the two general types of translation described by Vinay and Darbelnet?
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Direct and oblique translation
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Which of the following is correct?????? A. In English, pizza is a borrowing while feng shui is a calque B. In English, pizza is a calque while feng shui is a borrowing C. In English, both pizza and feng shui are borrowings
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C is correct
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What does the term 'translation shift' mean?
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A. A textual equivalent which is different from the formal correspondent of the source language item B. A non-obligatory lexical or grammatical change that occurs in the move from source to target text Both a and b
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What does the term 'markedness' mean?
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A choice or pattern of choices that stands out in a text
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What does Lederer's term 'deverbalization' mean?
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An intermediate phase between reading/understanding of the source text and expression in the target text
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What is the basis of a relevance theory model of translation?
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The translator makes it possible for the reader to grasp the writer's intention without unnecessary effort
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In translation process research, what normally happens in a retrospective think-aloud protocol?
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A translator answers questions about the translation decisions after the translation process
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The German DIN 2345 quality standard includes self-check areas that translators should take into account before delivering a translation. Which option below includes two of them?
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Completeness and correctnes (content and terminology)
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Who should be at the center of a customer-oriented Translation Quality Management system?
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Customers
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What does the term 'skopos' mean?
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Purpose
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What are Katharina Reiss's three main text types?
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Informative, expressive and operative
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In translatorial action and skopos theory, how is the success of translation to be judged?
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By functional adequacy
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What is the goal of an operative text?
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To persuade the reader to respond in a certain way
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Who is the first player in Holz-Mänttäri's 'translatorial action model'?
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The initiator
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What are the three types of translation classified in Snell-Hornby's 'integrated' model?
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Literary, general and special language translation
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Which of the following is the clearest example of Nord's 'documentary translation'?
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An exoticizing literary translation that seeks to preserve local colour
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Which of the following is an example of Nord's 'instrumental translation'?
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An adaptation of an advert for a new locale
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What are the keys to a succesful start-up phase as a freelance translator?
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assertive marketing, financial planning and realistic expectations
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Which of the following are valid methods for setting freelance translation rates?
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By the word, by the hour, minimum charges
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What does the technical term 'Register' mean?
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A configuration of the situational variables of Field, Tenor and Mode
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What does the term 'lexicogrammar' mean?
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Lexis and grammatical constructions
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Which of the following is likely to be an example of 'covert' translation, using House's term?
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A. An exoticizing literary translation that seeks to preserve local colour B. A literal translation of a witness statement that preserves as many features of the ST as possible C. An adaptation of an advert for a new locale C is correct
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Which of the following is likely to be an example of 'overt' translation, using House's term?
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A literal translation of a witness statement that preserves as many features of the ST as possible
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What is the term used by House to describe the process of modification of a ST to conform to TL expectations?
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Cultural filter
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Which of the following is not a type of cohesion?
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Transitivity
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Which of the following are Grice's 'maxims'?
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A. Quantity B. Volume C. Politeness A is correct
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Evaluation is a part of which function of language...?
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Interpersonal
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What does 'polysystem' mean?
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A system of intersecting and partially overlapping systems that function as a structured whole
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What does Even-Zohar say is the 'normal' position of translated literature?
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Secondary
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Which of the following is/are an advantage of descriptive translation studies?
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It provides a replicable framework for research
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Which is the best definition of norms in Toury's model?
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Sociocultural constraints that are acquired through education and socialization
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What is an 'adequate translation' in Toury's model?
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A TT that conforms more to SL norms
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What are Toury's two laws of translation?
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The law of growing standardization and the law of interference
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Which of the following is correct
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S-universals are typical shifts between STs and TTs
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Of the norms proposed by Chesterman, which has the most ethical slant?
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Accountability norm
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What does the label 'cultural turn' refer to?
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A. The application to translation of theoretical concepts from cultural studies B. The rejection of purely linguistic translation studies Both of the above
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According to Lefevere, what are the two motivations for 'rewriting' literature?
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Ideological and poetological
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According to Lefevere, what are the three elements of patronage outside the literary system?
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Ideological, economic and status
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For Lefevere, which is the dominant factor?
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The ideological
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Which of the following is/are correct about the Canadian feminist translation project?
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A. Fidelity was directed to the project rather than to the author or source text B. Translation practice was a political activity Both of the above
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Spivak (1993/2004: 371-2) condemns 'translatese'. What is 'translatese'?
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The use of a bland, standardized form of the target language
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In Niranjana's work, what is the central intersection of translation studies and postcolonial studies?
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Power relations expressed through the projection of an image of the colonial subject
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Which of the following ideological perspectives is mentioned in this chapter?
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Power differences between languages
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Which is the first component of Steiner's hermeneutic motion of translation?
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Initiative trust
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What is the last component of Steiner's hermeneutic motion of translation?
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Compensation
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For Steiner, in what way does 'resistant difference' occur in the ST?
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A. The translator experiences the foreign language differently from his/her first language B. The differences between each pair of languages impose themselves on the translator Correct: Both a and b
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What were the main characteristics of Ezra Pound's translations?
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Experimentalism and creativity
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For Walter Benjamin, what is created by the co-existence of ST and TT?
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Pure language
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What was Walter Benjamin's 'ideal translation'?
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An interlinear Bible translation
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What is the term Derrida used to show the undermining of stable meaning?
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Différance
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What is the difference between Steiner's 'elective affinity' and Lewis's 'abusive fidelity'?
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'Elective affinity' occurs when the translator is attracted to the ST; 'abusive fidelity' is a risk-taking and creative expansion of the rhetorical and linguistic forms of the TL
