Politics in the Gilded Age Ch.7 Sec.3 History 11 – Flashcards
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Political Machine
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A group that controlled a political party
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Graft
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Illegal use of political influence for personal gain
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Boss Tweed
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Head of New York City's powerful Democratic political machine
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Patronage
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The giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected
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Civil Service
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Government administration
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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19th president of the US
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James A. Garfield
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20th president of the US
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Chester A. Arthur
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21st President of the US
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
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That implemented merit system in civil service hiring
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Grover Cleveland
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22nd and 24th president of the US
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Benjamin Harrison
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23rd president of the US
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Name two ways in which political machines held power.
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Could offer services and Bosses controlled a lot of government offices
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Describe two forms of corruption practiced by political bosses.
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Graft- write fake names and Kickback- workers charge higher prices
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Describe two effects of the Pendleton Act.
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Based on merit, not politics and qualified workers filled positions
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Which two presidents raised tariffs?
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Benjamin Harrison and William Mckinley
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What was Hayes's position on civil reform? What did he do to promote it?
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Supported reform. Set up a commission to investigate corruption in the custom houses.
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In the debate over civil service reform, did Garfield seem to favor the Stalwarts or the reformers?
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Reformers
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What position did Arthur take on civil service reform, and what did he do to support it?
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Reforms and urged congress to pass a civil service law.
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What did the Pendleton Act do?
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Allowed a bipartism civil service commission to make appointments based on merit system.
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What was Cleveland's position on tariffs, and what did he do to promote this position?
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Low tariffs and tried to call on congress to lower rates.
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What was Harrison's position on tariffs, and what did he do to support that stand?
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Raise tariffs and used McKinley Act.
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What happened to tariffs in Cleveland's second presidency?
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Tariffs were lowered.
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What happened to tariffs in McKinley's presidency?
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Tariffs were raised.
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Tariff
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Tax
