Political science cards – Flashcards
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Public opinion
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Beliefs and attitudes toward different issues, events, and people
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Political ideology
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The complex set of beliefs and values that, as a whole, form a general philosophy about the government
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Political socialization
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The process by which underlying political values are formed
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People's political party preferences are primarily aquire through the influence of
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Their families
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The difference between a political value and the political attitude is?
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Values are basic principles while attitudes are specific preferences
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non electoral forms of participation usually require more what than voting?
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Time, money, and effort
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The term suffrage refers to?
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The right to vote
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What is the main problem with voting ad a form of political participation?
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Citizens cannot communicate very much information by only casting ballots.
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Litigation can be a form of participation in which people?
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File lawsuits in order to change public policies
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Throughout American history the following were common restictions the government placed on voting rights?
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Racial restrictions, property requirements, residency requirements of long duration, gender restrictions
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Gives ordinary Americans a more equal chance to participate in politics
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Voting
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What bloc of voters has recently been called the "sleeping giant"
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Latinos
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On average ,more women vote for_____ candidates, and more men vote for ______ candidates.
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Democratic/Republican
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Brief quotes and short characterization of the day's events in news coverage are called
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Sound Bites
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Compared with western Europe, the United states has had a _____ turnout in elections.
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Lower
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The 15 amendment, passed in 1870 mandated?
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No state could prevent the right to vote on account of race.
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Why do radio stations repeat the news so often throughout the day?
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The audience is constantly changing since most people listen to the radio in their cars
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Federal communications commission
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Regulates broadcast media
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A majority of newspaper reporters identify themselves as?
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Liberal
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What helped accelerate the trend toward less variety in national news in the past decade
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the corporate consolidation of news media into a small number of conglomerates
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What shapes individual political opinion the most?
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Family, Religion is a close second
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Equality of Oppurtunity
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Individuals should have the freedom to use whatever wealth and/or talents they have to reach their full potential.
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Liberalism
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Generally support gov. in economy and economic equality
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Conservatism
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Believe large and power gov. is threatening
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Forces of shaping public opinion (3)
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Political leaders, private groups, media
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Random Sample
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everyone has equal chance of being chosen for a poll (random digit dialing)
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Sample Size
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must be large enough to provide accurate representation.
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Question wording
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can cause measurement error
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Push polling
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questions designed to shape respondents answers
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Broadcast Media
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Time limits restrict info (radio and t.v)
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Radio News
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repeat headlines, due to frequent new listeners
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Comedy talk shows
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increasingly important, good for young viewers to relate to politics
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5 truly national newspapers are?
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Wall Street Journal, Christian Science Monitor, Usa Today, NYT, Washington post
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3 ways media influence public opinion
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Agenda setting, framing, priming
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Agenda setting
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direct attention to certain topics
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Framing + ex.
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influence how events are interpreted through careful wording (riot vs. protest)
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Priming
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Shaping how audience evaluates leaders, events or issues. Determines who will get media attention
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Broadcast t.v and radio need what to operate as such
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FCC License
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Equal time rule
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if station sells air time, must sell equal air time to opponent
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Right of Rebuttal
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individuals have right to respond to personal attacks made on radio or t.v
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Fairness Doctrine
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used to give equal time to opposing viewers of controversial topics
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Primary election
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parties choose candidates to run for their party
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General elections
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draw most votes, determines who holds office
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T/F states decide what ballot they use
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True
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Redistricting
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Every 10 years, most lines gerrymandered to serve someones interest
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Courts fundamentals for redistricting (3)
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1. Contiguous 2. Compact 3. Consistent with existing lines
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Presidential election primaries
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parties makes rules. GOP winner takes all; DEM proportional. Primary season is earlier each election.
