question

Ideology

answer

The set of underlying orientations, ideas, and beliefs through which we come to understand and interpret politics.

question

Liberalism

answer

An ideal that is associated with the ideas of liberty and political equality; it advocates change in the social, political and economic realm to better protect the well-being of individuals and to produce equality in society

question

Conservatism

answer

An ideal that recognizes the importance of preserving tradition and emphasizes on individual initiative, rule of law, limited government authority and free market

question

Socialism

answer

An ideology that stresses economic equality theoretically achieved when government or workers own means of producition

question

Libertarianism

answer

An ideology that believes that government should take a "hands-off" approach in most matters

question

A Three-Dimensional Political Model

answer

A multidimensional scale that measures people's opinions on role of government in economy on one axis and their beliefs about personal freedom on second axis.

question

Public Opinion

answer

The values and attitudes that people have about issues, events and personalities

question

Values

answer

A person's basic orientations to politics

question

Political ideology

answer

A cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about government

question

Attitude (Opinion)

answer

A specific view about a particular issue, personality or event

question

Political Socialization

answer

The process through which underlying political beliefs and values are formed by your peers.

question

Liberty

answer

Freedom from governmental control

question

Equality of Opportunity

answer

The belief that people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential

question

Democracy

answer

A system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually through the election of key public officials

question

Random Sampling

answer

A method used by pollsters to select a representative sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent

question

Random Digit Dialing

answer

This generates a random sample by selecting respondents at random from a list of 10 digit phone numbers

question

Sample Size

answer

This term is used to describe a sample that is large enough to provide an accurate representation of the population

question

Social Desirability Effect

answer

The effect that results when respondents in a survey report what they expect the interviewer wishes to hear rather than what they believe

question

Selection Bias

answer

Polling error that arises when the sample is not representative of the population being studied, which creates error in over representing or under representing some opinions

question

Push Polling

answer

A polling technique in which questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion

question

Bandwagon Effect

answer

A shift in electoral support to the candidate whom public opinion polls report as the frontrunner

question

Print

answer

Newspapers, magazines and books

question

Broadcast

answer

Radio and television

question

Digital

answer

Websites, media and other online sources

question

Penny press

answer

Cheap, tabloid style newspaper that became inexpensive due to the steam powered printing press

question

Digital Divide

answer

Gap in access to the Internet among demographic groups

question

Social Media

answer

Web and mobile-based technologies such as Twitter and Facebook

question

Citizen Journalism

answer

News reported and distributed by ordinary citizens

question

Agenda Setting and Selection Bias

answer

Direct attention to specific topics

question

Framing

answer

This influences how events are interpreted

question

Priming

answer

This shapes how the audience evaluates leaders, events or issues

question

Online Participation

answer

Interactive political engagement facilitated by vast opportunities to connect to causes, people, events and information online

question

Interest Group

answer

Organization that tried to influence the government's programs and policies

question

California Interest Group

answer

Associations of individuals who seek to influence policy decisions in the legislature, the executive branch, and administrative agencies, as well as through direct legislation. Referred to often as the "third house".

question

Pluralist Theory

answer

A theory that emphasizes how important it is for democracy to have large numbers of diverse interest groups representing a wide variety of views.

question

Elite Theory

answer

A theory that believes the ruling class composed of wealthy, educated individuals wields most of the power in government and also within the top universities, corporations, the military, and media outlets.

question

Political Action Committees (PACs)

answer

Groups formed by interest groups to raise/donate money in the interest group's place.

question

Netroots

answer

Grassroots online activist organizations that have redefined memberships and fundraising practices. Has a streamlined staff structure.

question

Collective Goods

answer

Benefits sought by groups that are widely available to everyone.

question

Free Riders

answer

People who enjoy benefits of collective goods but don't participate or help provide them.

question

Iron Triangle

answer

The stable, cooperative relationship that often develops among a congressional committee, an administrative agency and one or more support groups.

question

Direct Lobbying

answer

An attempt by a group to influence the policy through persuasion of public officials.

question

New Politics Movement

answer

A generation that was active in protest politics in late 1960s and early 1960s related to anti-Vietnam War and civil rights movements.

question

Referendum

answer

An election in which voters in a state can vote for or against a measure proposed by the state legislature

question

Initiative

answer

A citizen-sponsored proposal that can result in new or amended legislation or a state constitutional amendment.

question

Recall Election

answer

This allows voters to cut short an officeholder's term of office.

question

Plurality Vote

answer

The candidate with the greatest number of votes wins.

question

Majority Vote

answer

To win, the candidate must receive more than 50% of the vote.

question

Redistricting

answer

In which legislative districts are redrawn

question

5021c(4)

answer

Nonprofit organizations operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare including lobbying or engaging in political campaigning.

question

Political Parties

answer

Organized groups that attempt to influence the government by electing their members to local, state and national offices

question

527s

answer

Nonprofit organizations that can campaign for, but not coordinate with the candidates.

question

Interest Groups

answer

The term "third house" refers to what?

question

Increased

answer

Over the past two decades, interest group expenditures in California have...

question

Contract Lobbyist

answer

An individual who offers his or her lobbying services to multiple clients at the same time.

question

Attain favorable decisions from government on issues that it supports.

answer

The principal function of an interest group is to...

question

Disclose campaign contributions

answer

Political Action Committees (PACs) must...

question

Jesse Unruh

answer

What former Speaker of California Assembly said, "Money is the mother's milk in politics"?

question

Fallen, declined

answer

Over the past two decades, the number of newspapers across the US has _____ and newspaper circulations have _____ in every year as well.

question

Enhancing

answer

Many experts see digital media as a catalyst for _____ the democratic process.

question

Revolving Door

answer

An employment cycle in which individuals who work for governmental agencies that regular interests eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy concern.

question

Market Population

answer

The concept that the free market is more democratic than any democracy.

question

Crony Capitalism

answer

An economic system characterized by close, mutually advantageous relationships between business leaders and government officials.

question

Cues from political elites.

answer

Political scientists Richard Lau and David Redlawsk argue that MOST public opinion is formed through...

question

Polls

answer

Scientific instruments for measuring public opinion

question

The framers of the constitution

answer

The inherent gulf between the rich and the poor was considered by ____ to be the MOST perpetual source of conflict in political life.

question

Not important

answer

The size of the overall population is ____ in determining the reliability of a poll.

question

Party endorsements

answer

What is an impact of increasing polarization between the parties in the United States?

question

Equality

answer

What is the MOST important core value for liberals?

question

Equality of income

answer

Which of the following values or outcomes would likely be opposed by MOST Americans?

question

The Market Place of Ideas

answer

The interplay of opinions and views that takes place as competing forces attempt to persuade as many people as possible to accept a particular position on a particular issue.

question

Virtual Social Networks

answer

The place where groups of like-minded individuals, or individuals with shared interests, can easily share information online.

question

Online News

answer

Convenience of getting news, up-to-the-minute currency of information, depth of information, diversity of viewpoints, and low costs are all benefits of _____.

question

They are still influential among the political elite.

answer

Even though newspapers are not the primary news source for MOST Americans, why could they still be considered important?

question

Stayed the same

answer

How has the dramatic rise in political information and the diversity of the media in recent decades affected the population's political knowledge?

question

80%

answer

It is estimated that more than ______ of Americans have access to the Internet.

question

A more democratic press.

answer

Online media, by representing a wider range of political views than traditional news sources, have created ______.

question

Right of Rebuttle

answer

The 1969 case, Red Lion Broadcasting Company v. FCC, confirmed the FCC's regulation called _______.

question

Profit seeking

answer

When newspapers first emerged, they were motivated primarily by _____.

question

Radio news

answer

Which of the following media forms could be considered essentially a headline service?

question

Media monopolies

answer

_______, such as ESPN and Disney, have prompted questions about whether enough competition exists among traditional media to produce a truly diverse set of views on political matters.

question

Google news and real clear politics

answer

______ are two popular news aggregators that serve a large number of readers by synthesizing coverage from a variety of sources.

question

Niche Journalism

answer

This caters to specialized interests of news consumers.

question

Increased

answer

Following the 2016 election of Donald Trump to the presidency, subscriptions and donations to investigative media such as ProPublica, the Washington Post and the New York Times have....

question

Solidary

answer

Pluralism Extremely important to many newer citizen groups and netroots is "consciousness-raising," which can be included as a _____ benefit of group membership.

question

Hired professionals

answer

In staff organizations, MOST of the work is done by

question

executive branch programs, legislative committees, and interest groups

answer

Iron triangles form among

question

Initiative

answer

Legislative items placed on the ballot so people can vote on them directly, bypassing the state's legislature.

question

Wealthy

answer

Members of interest groups are MOST likely to be

question

sponsoring ballot measures; lobbying state legislatures

answer

Political Scientists Elisabeth Gerber finds that citizen groups are MOST effective at ___ whereas business, trade associations, and professional associations are more effective at ___.

question

encouraging federal agencies to consult affected interests, or stakeholders.

answer

The Administrative Procedure Act and Negotiated Rulemaking Act play important roles in opening up the bureaucratic process to interest group influence by

question

Both relied heavily on public demonstrations and protests.

answer

What did the 2010 GOP takeover of the House of Representatives and NOW's attempted passage of the Equal Rights Amendment have in common?

question

providing information

answer

What is the first and foremost part of a lobbyist's job?

question

Organizations and individuals must register to lobby.

answer

What was accomplished by the 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act?

question

Amicus Curiae

answer

A brief filed in court

question

Alexis de Tocqueville

answer

Which political philosopher once wrote that America was "a nation of joiners"?

question

Informational benefits

answer

The MOST widespread and important category of selective benefits offered to group members.

question

Pluralism

answer

The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation.

question

Party Caucus

answer

A closed meeting of a political or legislative group to select candidates, plan strategy, or make decisions regarding legislative matters.

question

External mobilization

answer

A type of party formation which takes place when a group of politicians outside of government organizes popular support to win government power.

question

the Great Depression

answer

After 36 years of dominating U.S. political life, the Republican Party lost power after ____ began.

question

Different groups of middle and upper-class Americans.

answer

Contemporary American political parties mainly compete for the support of

question

Dark money

answer

Funding from politically active nonprofits whose donors and amounts contributed do not have to be made public.

question

factions that represented a threat to the social order of the country.

answer

In the early years of the Republic, political parties were seen as

question

selects a single candidate to run for an elective office.

answer

In the nomination process, a party

question

Democratic

answer

Jews are among the ____ Party's most loyal constituent groups.

question

Conservative; Republican

answer

Most individuals who describe themselves as ____ identify with the ____ Party.

question

Republicans

answer

Nixon's southern strategy was aimed at attracting which southern group?

question

the majority party.

answer

The Speaker of the House of Representatives is selected by

question

Unequal Democracy

answer

The idea that the current party system does not properly represent the poor but pays more attention to the interests of the affluent.

question

Party System

answer

The number of parties competing for power, the organization of the parties, the dominant form of campaigning, the main division between the parties, the balance of power between and within party coalitions, social and institutional bases, and the issues and policies around which completion is organized.

question

National

answer

Third parties are least likely to achieve electoral success in which types of elections?

question

unregulated "soft money" raised by political parties and that could be used to support candidates

answer

What did the McCain-Feingold bill attempt to outlaw?

question

Upper-income

answer

____ Americans are considerably more likely to affiliate with the Republican Party

question

10 percent

answer

A series of experiments by Donald Green and Alan Gerber showed that face-to-face interaction may increase voter turnout by

question

Protests

answer

An example of ____ was the Black Lives Matters campaign starting in Ferguson but spreading to New York City, Baltimore and dozens of other locations in 2015.

question

Digital Political Participation

answer

Apart from voting, this form of political participation is the most common way citizens participate in American politics.

question

Expressive

answer

Political scientist Russell Dalton argues that social media such as Twitter and Facebook is making participation in politics much more

question

community networks that motivate political participation.

answer

Reversing decades of negative trends, digital media may foster community building. Digital media may also increase Americans' social capital, which is defined as

question

sleeping giant.

answer

The Latino vote is often referred to by analysts as the

question

descriptive representation

answer

The concept defined as "when individuals are represented in government by officials of their same race, ethnicity, or gender" is known as

question

education level

answer

What is the single MOST important factor in predicting not only whether an individual will vote but also most kinds of political participation?

question

Suffrage

answer

A group's right to vote

question

10

answer

Except on rare occasions, boundaries for congressional and state legislative districts in the United States are redrawn by the states every ____ years.

question

he lost in a rare recall effort.

answer

In 2003, Californians voted out Governor Gray Davis. This election was unusual because

question

incumbents, challengers

answer

In MOST congressional elections, ____ outspend ____.

question

McCutcheon et al. v. Federal Election Commission

answer

In the 2014 Supreme Court case ________, the Court ruled that there was no evidence that making campaign contributions to large numbers of candidates led to the donor controlling the candidates. The Court therefore ruled that restrictions on this activity were not justified.

question

Buckley v. Valeo

answer

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that no limits can be placed on candidates' expenditure of their own funds, since such spending is considered free speech in this case.

question

closed primary

answer

an election in which voters can participate in the nomination of candidates, but only of the party in which they are enrolled for a period of time prior to Election Day

question

Midterm Election

answer

A congressional election that does not coincide with a presidential election

question

Incumbent

answer

The current officeholder, running for re-election

question

Retrospective voting

answer

This occurs when voting is based on the past performance of a candidate.

question

Baby Boomers

answer

In the article entitled, "Why was the 2014 electorate so old," reference was made to America still digesting the pig. What was the "pig"?

Political Science 102 Exam 3 Kennedy

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards