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Public financing-

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in 1971, congress adopted similar provisions, which formed the basis of the public funding system in effect today. Under the 1971 Revenue Act, the nominee, rather than the party, receives the public funds accumulated through the dollar check-off

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A voter or a condidate who does not identify with a political party is called

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Independent

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A political party is a group of individuals who

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are political activists who organize to win elections, operate the government, and determine public policy

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A political party differs from an interest group in that

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political parties stand in the elections and try to win the votes cast by the people. Interest groups don't.

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Functions of political parties in the US include all of the following except

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signing up large numbers of committed members

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The primary goal of a political party is

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to gain control of government by electing its candidates to office

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The political party "out of power" is

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expected to force debate on policy alternatives

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A political system in which only two parties have a reasonable chance of winning is called

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two-party system

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The first partisan political division in the US was between

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federalist and anti-federalists

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Under Woodrow Wilson, the Democratic Party

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endorsed the idea that government should become involved in the economy

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Progressivism was

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a belief that honest, impartial government could effectively curb the growing power of large corporations

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Which is (are) true of the New Deal period?

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Roosevelt's call for a "New Deal" in the 1932 campaign included attacks on the Hoover deficits and a promise to balance the federal budget

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During the late 1960's

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urban riots and anti-Vietnam War protests pushed many voters towards conservationism

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During the last half-century, the Democrats have been known as the party of

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the working class, racial and ethnic minorities

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During the last half-century, the Republicans have been known as the party of

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business

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Republicans have emphasized

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the importance of the marketplace and less emphasis on social programs

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Democrats have emphasized

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social welfare and protection of senior's benefits

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In regard to cultural politics which is (are) true?

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they have become increasingly important in defining the differences between the parties

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The Religious Right

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came in the late 1970's, the Christian Right

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The party-in-the-electorate is

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the members of the general public who identify with a political party

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The party organization is

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the formal stucture and leadership of a political party

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The party-in-government is

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all of the elected and appointed officials who identify with a party

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The national convention

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the presidential candidate is chosen by party delegates

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According to a series of studies by the New York Times

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delegates to national party conventions are more partisan than party identitifiers

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Local party organizations are still important to local campaigns today because

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they provide foot soldiers for political campaigns

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Divided government

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a situation in which one major political party controls the presidency and the other controls the chambers of congress

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Most candidates for public office in the US are chosen

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as a result of the candidate's own efforts and organizations

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Party polarization is an important issue to consider primarily when thinking about

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a vote in which a majority of Democratic legislators oppose a majority of Republican legislators

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The two-party system has dominated the American political landscape for all of the following reasons except

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third parties are illegal in many jursidictions

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A major reason for the two-party system is the electoral system, which is based on

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the winner-take-all, or plurality system

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In the winner-takes-all system

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whoever gets the most votes wins

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Many political scientist contend that third parties

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serve as a safety valve for dissident political groups, preventing major confrontations and political unrest

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Third parties

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have influenced American politics by determining whether the Republicans or Democrats win an election

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Realignment

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takes place when a substantial group of voters switches party allegiance producing a long-term change in the political landscape

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One example of realignment was when

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working-class voters abandoned the Republicans in 1932 as a result of the Great Depression

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Tipping takes place

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when a group that is becoming more numerous over time grows large enough to change the political balance in a state

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If parties were supported solely by public funding, it is likely that

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additional political parties would come on to the scene in America

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People who choose to run for office can be divided into two groups:

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self-starters and those who are recruited

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Candidates are likely to get involved in politics for all of the following reasons except

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to hide personality faults

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Naturalized citizens are constitutionally barred from running for the office of

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president of the US

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With regard to candidates for office, all of the following are true except the

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the number is divided evenly between men and women

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In the last twenty years the number of women running for office at the federal and state level has

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increased significantly

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One of the reasons that campaigns no longer depend on political parties is

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few people identify with them

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A striking feature of today's political campaigns is the

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importance of paid professionals rather than volunteers

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If a candidates is a highly visible incumbent seeking reelection

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there may be little need for campaigning except to remind the voters of the officeholder's good deeds

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Traking polls are used

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on a daily basis to determine last-minute changes in the mood of the electorate

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The rapid increase in campaign costs in modern US elections may be in part attributed to

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increased use of television and the length of campaigns

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Reforms to the Federal Election Campaign Act in 1974 did not

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provide public funding for congressional elections

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Most PAC contributions go to

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incumbents

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Independent expenditure

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are unregulated funds spent by interest groups on advertising or other campaign activities

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Advertising paid for by interest groups that support or oppose a candidate (or a candidate's position on an issue) without mentioning voting or elections is called

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issue advocacy advertising

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The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

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ban soft money contributions to national parties

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The organizations that came to be known as "527s"

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were set up by interst groups when soft money was outlawed and run issue ads to energize voters

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The difference between a closed primary and an open primary is that in a closed primary

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only pre-registered party members can vote

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All are true of superdelegates except that

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they are part of the caucus that chooses candidates

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When only declared party members can vote in a primary election, it is called

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a closed primary

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When voters can vote in either party primary without diclosing their party affiliation, it is called

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an open primary

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When the top two candidates in a primary complete in a second primary for the majority of votes, it is called

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run-off primary

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With regard to presidential candidates

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-Iowa and New Hampshire have the first caucus and primarily, respectively, in voting for presidential candidates -many states are moving their primaries to earlier dates to have more imput into the selection of presidential candidates -moving state primaries into the first months of the year isknown as front-loading -in 2008, twenty four states had primaries on the same day

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At the national convention

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the presidential candidate is chosen by the party delegates

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The number of members each state will have in the Electoral College

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is determined by adding the number of representatives and the number of senators a state has in congress

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The manner in which members of the Electoral College are selected within each state is currently governed by

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state laws and party rules

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All of the following statements about low voter turnout are true except that

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it is much more common in most other countries to have low voter turnout than in the US

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Which of the following groups tends to be overrepresented in the electorate?

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wealthier people

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Reported voter turnout ____ as education _____.

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decreases, decreases

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Reported voter turnout _____ as age _____.

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increases, increases

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In the years following the adoption of the Constitution, many states placed legal restrictions on the right to vote because of

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a belief that since many government decisions affect property, so one should own property to vote

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The right to vote

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has been expanded since the writing of the constitution

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The mass media perform all of the following functions except

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funding media watchdog groups

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The public agenda

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the public issues on which the people's attention is focused

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A campaign advisor who tries to convinvce journalists of the truth of a certain, favorable interpretation of events is called a

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spin doctor

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Studies of bias in the media have reached

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different conclusions: some found a liberal bias, while others found a conservative bias

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