question

Q 1: The "paradigm mentality" leads to research approaches that

answer

Are narrow and rigid

question

Q 1: Popper opposed an "open society" of scholars that embraces theoretical and methodological diversity.

answer

False

question

Q 1: The best way to encourage theoretical creativity and imagination is to

answer

Have several competing theories

question

Q 1:Having a set of intensively held values

answer

Allows personal beliefs to influence empirical inquiry

question

Q 1:To think theoretically one must

answer

Assume an underlying order to human affairs

question

Q 1:Thinking theoretically requires a willingness to sacrifice detail and embrace broad observations.

answer

True

question

Q 1: Systematic thinking about "International Relations" requires that we define the unit of analysis.

answer

True

question

Q 1: The agent-structure debate revolves, in part, around the role of individuals on the outcomes in International Relations.

answer

True

question

Q 1: Normative claims can be subjected to empirical tests to prove their validity.

answer

False

question

Q 1: Positivism dominates what school of International Relations theory?

answer

Realism

question

Q 2: E. H. Carr wrote, "It is as fatal in politics to ignore ______ as it is to ignore ______."

answer

Power; morality

question

Q 2: Chapter 9 on Normative IR Theory primarily focuses on which level of analysis?

answer

Universal of cosmopolitan level

question

Q 2: The concept of sovereign states as the supreme, independent, and final authority in international politics is very typical of normative thinking.

answer

False

question

Q 2: Just War Theory is a

answer

Normative theory that defines the conduct of war

question

Q 2: The "stag hunt" is Rousseau's illustration of

answer

the tendency for cooperation.

question

Q 2: According to Rousseau, the underlying cause of conflict in international relations is

answer

the social context within which states exist.

question

Q 2: That moral principles should/ought to guide politics is an ideal embraced by

answer

Immanuel Kant

question

Q 2: A theory of international politics based on "value judgments" and "moral perspectives" is considered

answer

Normative Theory

question

Q 2: E. H. Carr wrote, "The _____ who dreams that it is possible to eliminate self-assertion from politics and to base a political system on morality alone is just as wide of the mark as the _____ who believes that altruism is an illusion and that all political action is self-seeking."

answer

Utopian; realist

question

Q 2: E. H. Carr maintains that the nature of politics is such that

answer

None of the above

question

Q 2: Kant argues that "reason instructs" and motivates us toward the goal of a world society with "perpetual peace."

answer

True

question

Q 2: Divorcing norms from decisions we make about international relations may be difficult, but is possible according to normative theory.

answer

False

question

Q 3:"The Melian Dialogue" underlines considerations of

answer

power and interest in international politics

question

Q 3:Realists agree that "low politics" (trade, domestic concerns, etc.) are on par with "high politics" (security, war, etc.) in determining state behavior.

answer

False

question

Q 3:The Realist perspective originated with classical English authors such as Disraeli.

answer

False

question

Q 3:Realism emphasizes the constraints placed on international politics by

answer

all of the above

question

Q 3:For realists, moral and ethical concerns are generally

answer

subordinated to considerations of power and interests.

question

Q 3:According to Thomas Hobbes, war is an evil that can be prevented by improving human nature.

answer

False

question

Q 3:For realists, anarchy drives states to seek security primarily by

answer

seeking relative power over other states.

question

Q 3:Thomas Hobbes argued that:

answer

"Where there is no common power, there is no law: where no law, no injustice."

question

Q 3:_____ writes that "the strong do what they have the power to do and the weak accept what they have to accept."

answer

Thucydides

question

Q 3:Realism holds that international relations are fundamentally

answer

an amoral issue

question

Q 3:"A prince therefore who desires to maintain himself must learn to be not always good, but to be so or not as necessity may require." This sage advice was given by Immanuel Kant.

answer

False

question

Q 3:The "state" is generally assumed by realists to be

answer

a single rational actor

question

Q 3:The "Security Dilemma" is a phenomenon rooted in the anarchic international system.

answer

True

question

Q 3: For Classical Realists, fear is not a fundamental cause of war

answer

False

question

Q 4: For Marx, the primary form of conflict in human history is

answer

Class struggle

question

Q4: ____ argued that imperialism inevitably emerged as a direct continuation in the development of monopoly capitalism.

answer

V.I. Lenin

question

Q4:The capitalist world-system theory, like theories of realism, necessarily places the state at the center of analysis.

answer

True

question

Q4: For economic structuralists, the proper starting point of analysis is:

answer

the international system

question

Q4:Marx's theory of revolution underestimated the power of

answer

Nationalism

question

Q4: Dialectical Materialism is a theory developed by:

answer

Marx

question

Q4: Lenin's theory of imperialism focused on

answer

Advanced capitalist states

question

Q4: Marxism rejects Realism's tendency to analyze politics and the international system in isolation, especially Realism's lack of focus on global capitalism.

answer

True

question

Q4: Marx assumed conflict (fault-line) within society was driven primarily by

answer

mechanisms of exploitation controlled by a particular class.

question

Q4: Marxists (economic structuralists) assume that uneven development is the result of

answer

Structures of domination

question

Q5: Politics conducted in a condition of anarchy makes

answer

The domestic differences of states important ??

question

Q5Neorealism highlights its constraints by only focusing on the influence of

answer

distribution of power among states

question

Q5The structure of the system influences state behavior, but does not determine the outcome.

answer

True

question

Q5Waltz believes that it is not absolutely necessary to take into account

answer

the domestic characteristics of states

question

Q5State behavior is characterized by rational self-interested behavior as determined by the systemic constraints of the international system. This statement fairly represents the view of Neorealism.

answer

True

question

Q5According to Neorealists, a theory of international relations that seeks explanation by looking at the human psyche is an example of:

answer

Reductionism

question

Q5An "international system" is defined as:

answer

the phenomenon resulting from the interaction of actors

question

Q5A system is a mental image that helps us visualize international relations and explain

answer

Patterns and interactions of states

question

Q5Neorealism claims that states are structurally predisposed to behave in generally predictable patterns, but to understand specific behaviors we must look at

answer

the internal disposition of states

question

Q5According to advocates of systemic theory, explaining international outcomes on the basis of state-level causes is an example of

answer

Reductionist theory

question

Q5A decision-makers' "perceptions" are considered a "systemic cause" in Neorealist theory of IR.

answer

False

question

Q5: The international "system" is independent of the wishes of states, and ________ determine(s) system-level outcomes.

answer

competition among states

question

Q 5: A systems theory of IR relegates state-level issues to secondary importance in explaining the outcomes of state actions.

answer

True

question

Q 5: The game of prisoners' dilemma is based on the assumption that states do act irrationally.

answer

False

question

Q6: Neorealism focuses attention on

answer

states' concerns about relative gains in power

question

Q6: Waltz believes that taking into account which aspect(s) of structure is not necessary if the system is anarchic?

answer

the domestic characteristics of states

question

Q6: Balance-of-power theory does not explain outcomes in international politics in which the system is anarchic and states seek to survive.

answer

False

question

Q6: When cooperation occurs in international politics, the primary concern(s) of states is/are

answer

Only A and B

question

Q6: That similar patterns of state behavior are observed in international politics is attributed to

answer

the structure of the system.

question

Q6: Neorealists assume that one of the important effects of anarchy is that

answer

Even states content to live in peace are condemned to a relentless struggle for security.

question

Q6: Balance-of-Power theory assumes that:

answer

balances are the natural and inevitable outcome of the struggle for power.

question

Q6: The ordering principle in any given system can be which of the following?

answer

A or C ( Anarchy or hierarchy)

question

Q6: The structure of international system is defined by

answer

Distribution of capabilities accrossthe system??

question

Q6: The use of force and the threat of violence is what distinguish domestic politics and international politics.

answer

False

question

Q6: Balance-of-Power is a theory used to explain the outcome of individual states' efforts to survive and enhance their power.

answer

True

question

Q6: To say that a state is sovereign is to say that

answer

a state can decide for itself its policies.

question

Q6: The structure of the system operates as a cause of state behavior, but is not the only cause.

answer

True

question

Q6: Neorealism assumes that economic cooperation is sought by states in an anarchic world.

answer

False

question

Q7: Liberal Institutionalists believe that states are more concerned with maximizing absolute gains than ensuring relative gains.

answer

True

question

Q7: Economic self-interest is a disincentive for war when

answer

Trade creates mutual dependence

question

Q7: From the perspective of liberalism, people are reasoning beings concerned with self-preservation and self-improvement. Liberals therefore assume that

answer

States can learn to secure international peace

question

Q7: A liberal theory that explains how states collaborate to achieve common goals is

answer

Functionalism

question

Q7: Neoliberals assume that there is a logical link between the conditions of anarchy and war.

answer

False

question

Q7: Voluntarism assumes that system structure takes precedence over agency.

answer

False

question

Q7: Robert Keohane argues that strong states with a long time horizon

answer

Can facilitate cooperation when dealing with a global collective goods problem

question

Q7: Stephen Brooks argues that the key to understanding the relationship between international commerce and war is to focus on

answer

The globalization of production

question

Q7: Liberals generally take _______ of how states affect international relations and outcomes.

answer

An inside-out view

question

Q7: Liberalism (Neofunctionalism) takes from game theory analysis of international politics a zero-sum perspective rather than a positive-sum perspective.

answer

False

question

Q7: Liberals assume that international organizations can be independent actors in their own right.

answer

True

question

Q7: For liberals, anarchy is mitigated by

answer

Only A and C ( international regimes and international institutions)

question

Q7:A set of principles, norms, rules and procedures around which actors' expectations converge is a(n)

answer

International regime

question

Q7:Liberals believe that the moral aspirations of states will not be thwarted by the absence of an overarching global authority.

answer

True

question

Q7:For liberals, states are less inclined to resort to international hostility if

answer

Only A and C ( share common political and economic regime AND they would suffer from the interruption of free trade)

question

Q8 :Which of the following is the best definition of an international regime?

answer

Voluntarily agreed-upon sets of principles, norms, rules, and procedures around which actor expectations converge in a given area of international relations.

question

Q8 :What are the two sides in the major debate among English School theorists concerning the conception of international society?

answer

Pluralist vs Solidarist

question

Q8 :Why did British and American international relations scholars diverge in the 1950s and 1960s?

answer

British scholars did not embrace the behavioral movement that was overtaking American political science.

question

Q8 :Hugo Grotius argued that international law is based upon:

answer

All of the above except C ( natural law, customary practices, international treaties )

question

Q8 :Which traditions of thought have influenced the English School of thought? I. Hobbesian (realist) II. Machiavellian (realist) III. Grotian (internationalist) IV. Kantian (universalist) V. Leninist (socialist)

answer

I, II, III, & IV

question

Q8 :Grotius argues that international law governs nations' behavior

answer

during times of peace and war

question

Q8 :The English School of international relations theory focuses attention on

answer

the workings of an international society

question

Q8 :Hedley Bull contends that

answer

Since the dawn of nation states, elements of international society have always been present

question

Q8 :According to Tim Dunne, the English School has more in common with constructivism than with positivist approaches to understanding international relations.

answer

True

question

Q8: Revolutionist

answer

World society

question

Q8: Realist

answer

International system

question

Q8: Rationalist

answer

International Society

question

Q9: Constructivism takes issue with neorealist conceptions of the sovereign state by problematizing the concept of sovereignty through

answer

arguing that sovereignty is a socially constructed idea.

question

Q9:Constructivism focuses our attention on competing representations of history and rejects the idea of a "true" account of history written by the dominant power.

answer

True

question

Q9:The end of the Cold War, and the "failure" of rationalist/positivist IR theories (Neorealism and Neoliberalism) to predict and explain a fundamental change in the international system, motivated Constructivists to question these theories' assumptions about

answer

All of the above ( anarchy, agent structure relations, influence of ideas on state behavior)

question

Q9:According to constructivist theory, the security dilemma is a socially constructed feature of international relations, not an inherent aspect of anarchy.

answer

True

question

Q9:What do Constructivist/Interpretive theorists mean when they say that "theory is always for someone and for some purpose"?

answer

All theories are rooted in assumptions conditioned by human perspective

question

Q9:The fundamental orientation of Constructivism is theorizing about

answer

The normative and ideological impact on political actors

question

Q9:For Constructivists, actors/agents (people and states) are atomistic rational actors, NOT inherently social and a product of social relationships.

answer

False

question

Q9:Realists rely on static definitions of "national interests" to explain state behavior, but Constructivists (like Finnemore) contend that state action is motivated more by

answer

Changing international norms

question

Q9:Constructivists (like Wendt) believe that neorealism's assumptions about international anarchy are

answer

Socially constructed and subjective

question

Q9: According to constructivist theory, states and individuals are subject to structural determinism.

answer

False

question

Q9:Constructivists believe that positivist theory is a firm foundation upon which we can base our explanations of reality.

answer

False

question

Q9:Constructivists criticize neorealist views of the state for

answer

privileging the authority of the state above all other actors.???

question

Q9:Constructivists embrace only the Hobbesian view of anarchy as a jungle-like environment.

answer

False

question

Q9:Constructivists have criticized "rationalists/positivists" for being wrongheaded or misguided about

answer

All of the above (Ontological issues Methodological questions Normative assumptions)

question

Q9:Constructivist theories of international relations are

answer

Ideational approaches to theorizing about identity and interest

question

Q10:Our assumptions about the essence of things in general are referred to as

answer

ontology

question

Q10:the current world order is assumed by Critical Theorists to be

answer

not natural, necessary, or historically invariable

question

Q10For Critical Theorists, human observation and theory are subject to

answer

our inability to be completely independent of the world around us

question

Q10Post-structuralism embraces

answer

Neither A nor B ( The Enlightenment view of scientific progress OR The Behavioralists' "scientific method")

question

Q10The built-in bias of Neorealism and Neoliberalism toward stability and maintaining the status quo is viewed by Critical Theorists as

answer

typical of a problem-solving, technical approach to IR Theory

question

Q10 Self-reflection and probing the origins of knowledge are rejected by Critical Theorists in favor of rational accounts of International Relations.

answer

False

question

Q10Marxist ambitions of not just offering an alternative interpretation of the world, but also seeking to change the world are central to Critical Theory.

answer

True

question

Q10A major focus of Critical Theorists is

answer

interpretation of observation

question

Q10Phenomenology focuses on the interpretive understanding of human observation of the world around us.

answer

True

question

Q10Critical Theory

answer

Only B and C (emphasizes the subjectivity of human inquiry rejects the notion of value-free social science)

question

Q10Critical Theorists reject as utopian concerns about

answer

None of the above (universalizing certain moral and political principles reducing material inequality in the world respecting ethnic and cultural differences)

question

Q10: On the Voluntarism-Determinism continuum, Critical Theorists

answer

fall on the Voluntarist extreme

question

Q 10: A major goal of Critical Theory is to

answer

emancipate us from unjust social and economic structures

question

Q10: critical Theorists are not concerned with exposing ideological claims presented as objective theoretical explanations.

answer

False

question

Q10:"Theory is always for someone and for some purpose" highlights the

answer

need to critically scrutinize the ideological foundations of all theories

question

Q11: From a feminist perspective, gender permeates social life, and has profound but often unnoticed effects on international relations.

answer

True

question

Q11: Feminist perspectives on international organizations argue that

answer

these institutions reflect the norms and interests of hegemonic groups

question

Q11: Feminists' concerns about gender inequality are in line with the concerns that critical theorists have about the notion of security.

answer

True

question

Q11: Gender is a set of

answer

socially and culturally constructed identities

question

Q11: Liberal or empirical feminists seek to bring in a gendered perspective by

answer

All of the above (accounting for women's participation in international relations identifying ways to overcome barriers to women's underrepresentation including women in national security/"high politics" policy making circles)

question

Q11: The theoretical assumption that gender identities are natural or part of human nature (i.e., are not socially constructed)

answer

Only A and C (perpetuates the status quo in existing international power relations AND is rejected by feminist international relations theory)

question

Q11: Feminists criticize international system beliefs that are masculine-biased as well as those that are gender-neutral.

answer

True

question

Q11: Some feminists (radical feminists) argue that

answer

Only A and C (affirmative action alone will not solve the problem of gender bias in IR AND the basic class/patriarchy structures in society must be changed)

question

Q11: From a feminist perspective

answer

states are just as likely to threaten human security as they are to enhance it

question

Q11: For feminists, social relations are a key unit of analysis for explaining

answer

unequal power relationships

question

Q11: Many feminists prefer historical or interpretive understandings of gender roles rather than methodologies which claim that facts are neutral.

answer

True

question

Q 11: The realist rational, unitary, power-maximizing state perspective

answer

marginalizes a gendered analysis

question

Postmodern feminists, contrary to liberal and radical feminists, embrace the idea that women are a homogeneous group, and accepting a uniform gendered perspective will undermine the masculine domination of IR.Q11:

answer

False

question

Q 11:Mainstream structural theories of IR are embraced by some feminist theorists as adequate explanations of the human experience.

answer

False

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