Physical Science: Chemistry Final Exam – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
independent variable
answer
goes on the x-axis
question
dependent variable
answer
goes on the y-axis
question
hypothesis
answer
A prediction that can be tested by experimentation
question
variable
answer
variable you can change
question
control of the experiment
answer
variable that you keep the same
question
mass
answer
amount of matter
question
units mass can be recorded in
answer
grams and kilograms
question
what measuring devices are used to determine mass?
answer
triple beam balance and spring scale
question
volume
answer
amount of space matter takes up
question
units volume can be recorded in
answer
millimeters-liquid and centimeters squared-solid
question
what measuring devices are used to determine volume?
answer
graduated cylinder, beaker, ruler
question
Properties of plasma
answer
-gas mixture with no definite shape or volume -made of (+) and (-) charged particles -most abundant in Universe but not on Earth
question
solid
answer
has volume and shape
question
liquid
answer
has volume but no shape
question
gas
answer
has no volume or shape
question
meniscus
answer
curved formed by liquid in tube
question
measuring the meniscus?
answer
bottom of graduated cylinder
question
vaporization and evaporation
answer
liquid->gas
question
condensation
answer
gas->liquid
question
conduction
answer
transfer of heat between touching objects/atoms
question
convection
answer
transfer of heat in currents
question
radiation
answer
transfer of heat by EM waves
question
specific heat
answer
when heat flows it raises the temp. of some substances more than others.
question
heat
answer
flow of thermal energy from warmer objects to cooler objects
question
molecular make-up of material that is a good conductor
answer
tightly packed atoms (with loose electrons)
question
3 examples of good thermal conductors
answer
aluminum, metals, tightly packed molecules
question
3 examples of good thermal insulators
answer
air pockets, foam, rubber
question
freezing point of water in Celsius
answer
0*C
question
boiling point of water in Celsius
answer
100*C
question
freezing point of water in Fahrenheit
answer
32*F
question
boiling point of water in Fahrenheit
answer
212*F
question
building blocks of matter
answer
atoms and molecules
question
strong nuclear force
answer
force that holds neutrons and protons together
question
atomic number
answer
same as the proton
question
proton
answer
determines identity of atom
question
mass number
answer
total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus
question
isotope
answer
same element with different number of neutrons
question
valance electrons
answer
the elements in an atom that are involved in the formation of chemical bonds
question
dot diagram
answer
diagram used to show the valance electrons of an atom
question
electron cloud
answer
where electrons are found
question
Halogens
answer
Group 17
question
Alkali metals
answer
Group 1 -most reactants
question
Alkaline Earth Metals
answer
Group 2
question
Noble Gases
answer
Group 18
question
Bohr
answer
electrons in fixed orbit around nucleus
question
Dadlton
answer
atomic theory
question
Rutherford
answer
aluminum foil-dense (+)
question
ionic bonds
answer
-form between metal(loses electron and non-metal(gains) -electron are transferred
question
covalent bonds
answer
-form between two non-metal -electrons are shared
question
Diatomic molecule
answer
molecule that has two atoms of the same element
question
Unique about carbon?
answer
in living things, forms long chains
question
oxidation number
answer
tells you how many and atom must gain, lose, or share
question
What 2 elements don't need 8 valance electrons
answer
Hydrogen and Helium
question
reactants
answer
located on the left side of the arrow
question
products
answer
located on the right side of the arrow
question
Law of Conservation of Mass
answer
Amount of Reactants+Amount of Products
question
physical Property
answer
Observe with senses and determined without destroying it
question
chemical Property
answer
Indicate how a substance reacts with something else
question
endothermic
answer
heat energy must be added for experiment to take place
question
exothermic
answer
heat energy is released
question
what two products form from a neutralization reaction?
answer
salt and water
question
acids
answer
-0 to 6 -sour taste
question
bases
answer
-8 to 14 -bitter taste and slippery
question
Fusion
answer
sun (combing nuclei)
question
Fission
answer
nuclear power plant (breaking of nuclei)
question
Nuclear decay occurs because?
answer
strong nuclear force breaks down
question
Carbon-14 used for?
answer
dating fossils/bones
question
long term exposure to radiation is know to cause?
answer
cancer
