Photo Exam 2 – Flashcards

- Images created to inform rather than express personal feelings. - Refers to a popular form of photography used to chronicle both significant and historical events and everyday life. It is typically covered in professional photojournalism, or real life reportage, but it may also be an amateur, artistic, or academic pursuit. The photographer attempts to produce truthful, objective, and usually candid photography of a particular subject, most often pictures of people. - Generally relates to longer term projects with a more complex story line. - Collodian Glass Plate.

- Documentary filmaker. - Award winning film "The Civil War" (PBS, 1990). Made use of Civil War photographs. - Apple's iMovie has it's own effect named after him. - Closely associated with public broadcasting. - Popularized a deal where you could take a picture and pan across. - Manipulation. - Adopted the technique of cutting rapidly from one still picture to another in a fluid, linear fashion [and] then pepped up the visuals with 'first hand' narration gleaned from contemporary writings and recited by top stage and screen actors. - Incorporates simple musical leitmotifs or melodies.

- (1861-65) - First completely documented war. - Collodian Glass Plate. - Most deaths, each battle was close-ranged. - Contemporary references, Gone With The Wind, Cold Mountain. - 5 different users of imagery. - Not enough exposure time to take an action shot. - Lot of down time, troops walked hundred of miles to get from Point A to Point B. - Soldiers were a good market for photographers. - Touching images, a group of former slaves or contrabands. - General public participates. - Experimental Bridges, 1863.... Group of men testing out a bridge. (Andrew Russell) - Andrew Russell many famous photographs of soldiers working. - Alfred Wald's sketching at Gettysburg. Newspaper's - didn't have the process to print the pictures on the newspaper. - Problems with this because it doesn't carry the emotional weight of the original photograph. - Medical profession used in photography, embalming.... ways to preserve bodies. - Candidates were general's and other wealthy people. Most couldn't do it. - Wouldn't see a photograph in the newspaper because pictures couldn't be moved to paper yet. - No action in the pictures yet either.

1). Picture made to commemorate participation, war will be short. 2). Picture because you may not be coming back.

- Wrote about the war, much against it. - Medical documentation. - Photographers couldn't take motion photography because it required too much exposure time. - Photographers would wait until it's over with.

- Organizer/Photographer. - Worked published as "Incidents Of War". - Business practices are controversial. - Post-War demise (lost business to creditors). - Had three studios. 2 in NYC, 1 in DC. - Known for images of presidents, politicians, as well as the common public. (Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams). - Saw photography as a way to document historical situations. - Documents war through his workers. - John James Audubon - Gallery of Illustrious Americans. - Alonzo Chapel: Last Hours of Lincoln, painted from Brady's images. - Sends his men out to battles after he goes to the first battle and gets shell-shocked. - Steel setups that were not dangerous. - Didn't give credit to his photographers. - After the war the government doesn't buy his archive, went bankrupt. - Left high and dry. - Turns into alcoholic and dies.

- Strong visual statements.

- Worked for Brady but then quit. - Often had his work misattributed to Brady. - Claims to have done most of Lincoln's images, including the last ever image. - Tried to make money off of it. Studio photographers control stuff. - Make images the way they want it. - Great horse portfolio of images. - Allen Pinkerton helps him later. - Pinkerton recommended him for the position of chief photographer under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Topographical Engineers. - Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, Gettysburg, 1863. - Photographed the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863) and the Siege of Petersburg (June 1864-April 1865) during this time. - If Gardener wasn't satisfied he would set up a Civil War scene himself. - Photographic Sketchbook of the War: (1865-66) - Gave all his photographers credit. - Access to hangings of Lincoln's murderers.

- Former Brady employee. - Known for his work related to The American Civil War and the Western United States. - Sidekick of Gardner. - Was a bit different then Gardner. - Most well-known Civil War image, "Harvest of Death". - Siege of Petersburg. - From 1867 to 1869, he was official photographer on the United States Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel under Clarence King. - Job was to photograph the West to attract settlers.

- LA Times photographer - Iraq War, 2003 - Showed human drama by photoshopping. - Was fired right away. - Contemporary example of what Alexander Gardner did.

- Adam Clarke Vroman & Edward Sheriff Curtis - Wanted to build a railroad through the land of the Native Americans. - Had to wipe the Native Americans to get them out of the way. - These pictures were to be transcriptions for future generations that they might behold the Indian as nearly lifelike as possible, as he moved about before he ever saw a paleface or knew there was anything human or in nature other than what he himself had seen.

- Unlike many, they felt sympathy for the native americans. - Made a documentary project for them. - Approached their work differently,

- Showed exactly what was there. - Bookseller, Pasadena CA. - Work was always shown as exactly the year it was made. Imagery contemporary to his time. Shows that assimilation is starting to happen. - Was more of a common businessman with a photographic hobby. Would sometimes bring items back to CA and sell them. - Didn't really uses his personal opinion in his photos, religion did play a theme in his work though. More practical. - Gelatin silver prints.

- Studio photographer, Seattle WA. - Very romanticized. - The North American Indian (1907-1930). - Manifest Destiny. - Doesn't share the belief that the only good indian is a dead indian. - Would document public events like rain dances and got an insight into Native American culture. - His work wants to say "i want capture you like it was 500 years ago before the white men even showed up", (romanticized imagery of the vanishing race). - Gold tone process specific for his work. A lot warmer, more romanticized. - He is more important. - Becomes obsessed with Native American imagery. - 20+ years, 20+ book on every Native American from the East to the West coast. - Loses his marriage, loses his studio. - One of the first reasons he even starts is because of seeing Princess Angeline. When she was a young girl, her father was the chief of Seattle area and they were royalty, but when he encounters her she's one of the poorest. - More artistic, then documentary. - Influenced by art. - Photographed some of the most famous Native Americans of all time. - Not all Native Americans embraced his work. - Some thought he shouldn't photograph religious ceremonies - thought it was too far. - Some thought that the past was the past, it was over. - His work was criticized as unreliable and possibly posed. Described as an amateur. - Removed an alarm clock from an image. - Tried to raise money in the Winter with films. - 1930: The Great Depression, interest in native americans goes away. - 1970: Boston Ma, bookstore, someone find his whole cache and his gold images. - Today he is popular again. - Lot of silhouette's. - Received help from JP Morgan.

- Jacob Riss & Lewis Hine.

- 1849-1914 (Danish). - Pioneer Flash Photgrapher. - Immigrant from Denmark. - Homeless, trying to find work. - When he gets on his feet, decides to do a project as a writer/editor on immigrants. - Shows conditions of immigrants. - Bandits' roost , c. 1890. - What has more impact on your world, your DNA or your environment? - Message was to change the environment. - Began as a police reporter writer. - Took pictures using the gelatin silver process. - Peddler (Flash photography picture). - Plank for a Bed. (Photograph) - Only friend in the world for a while was a stray dog. - One day the dog growled at a policeman and the policeman kicked the dog to death. - Chinese Opium Den. (Photograph) - Child Rag-picker in Sweat Shop. (Photograph) - Not a lot of children in his work. - Friends with Theodore Roosevelt. - Five Cents Lodging. (Photograph) - "How The Other Half Lives" , his book composed of data on immigrants. - Home of an Italian Ragpicker. (Photograph) - Very effective at the end. - Was able to forgive and forget the incident involving the policeman.

- Born in Wisconsin. - Goes to NYC to study sociology. - Gets a job at the ethical cultural school in New York. Was a school teacher. - That school always went out to where the subject matter was. - 1904-1905, Albanian Woman with Folded Head Cloth. (Photograph) - Pictures of people right off the boat. - All humans are the same no matter where they come from. - Ellis Island Italian Madonna, 1905. (Photograph) -Italian immigrant, East Side, New York City, ca. 1910. - Visited the conditions of immigrants and became aware of them. - Leaves his job to be a full time social photographer. Child Labor. - Slums, 1908. (Photograph) - Child bathing in sink, 1910. (Photograph). - Begins to go around and take pictures of child labor. - Would lie to get in to the sweatshops. - Boy carrying work home from New York sweatshop, 1912. (Photograph.) - Sets the tripod up and asks his subjects to stare right into the lens. - Pictures were called ugly. - Was a socially minded person. - Images were used for posters. (Child Welfare Society). - Labor laws get passed, but then WWI breaks out and the laws are appealed. - Wants to take pictures but is asked to write articles as well and since he didn't want to he quits, goes to Europe and takes pictures/works for The Red Cross Society. - Didn't like it, saw problems in America weren't as bad as other countries. Saw America in a different light, so he comes back to America and his pictures take on a more upbeat tone. - His work was impacted by his experience in WWI. - Starts showing strong men, was a change in attitude. - This work brings him to a big project in the 1930's, the building of the Empire State building.. he's the official photographer for it. - Took pictures level with the workers, 50 stories up. - "Men At Work" only Hine book to exist, pictures of the empire state building process. - Tries to get a grant to publish an archive but is unsuccessful and dies in poverty. - Pittsburgh Project (1907)

- Mike Disfarmer & James VanDerZee. - Self-taught - Difference in how they approached the subject matter. - Their differences resembled Curtis and Vroman's differences.

- More plain and simple. - Work"discovered" in 1970's by Modern Photography magazine editor. - Self-taught Arkansas photographer; images are "direct" and "without pretense". - Didn't do anything, just took your picture. - Created portraits that looked like reality. - Really named Mike Myers. - Decided he wasn't actually part of the Myer family. - Backdrops were white with a black piece of tape. - Portraits in Arizona. - Father son relationship. - Children wear war outfits. - Musical production/Puppet show based on his work.

- African American photographer; worked during the Harlem Renaissance (1920's) - Self-taught photographer images provide insight into black culture of early 20th century. - Featured in 1969 exhibition, Harlem On My Mind at Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY. - Likes to set up the scene. - Typical studio photographer. - Also painted. - Wanted to make sure his subjects looked good, would embellish if he needed to. - Photographed African Americans. - Couple pictures and portraits. - Roberts and Johnson WWII heroes. - You can plainly see how miserable I am, 20th century postcard. - Shows us things that were hidden. - Tells a story. - Photographed death. - Harlem Book of the Dead, book. 1978. - Famous people come (Bill Cosby, Jean-Michel Basquiat), 1982.

- Weegee & Eugene Smith.

- American. - Colorful New York free-lance photojournalist of 1930's and 1940's. - His book "Naked City" (1936) revealed a highly personal approach to news photos. - Use of large "Speed Graphic" press camera and flash influence his work. Uses FLASH. - Always where the action was. - Aberrations in society, things you don't see everyday. - Disturbing work, relied on shock value. - He was inspired by getting the front page image, what will sell newspapers. - Violin made people sad. - People responded to dark subject matter. - Death and destruction. - Office/Studio in a trunk. - Police radio by his bedside. - Very graphic, stylistic. - 4x5 inch negative - Murder in hell's kitchen, 1940. Victim, weapon, darkness. - Bystanders became important. Their First Murder, 1944. - Drowning Victim, Coney Island, NY, 1940s. - I cried when I took this picture (Mother and daughter watch as another daughter and son die in fire). - The Fashionable People (later The Critic) - Drunk woman pushed up against two nicely dressed women to see the contrast. - Lovers at the Palace Theatre, 1945. - Male prostitution pics. - Bowery entertainers.

- American. - Mastered the Photo Essay. - Worked received wide distribution in LIFE Magazine during the 40's and 50's. - Well-known essays include Country Doctor and Spanish Village. - Was a humanist, wanted to see the good in everybody. - Makes image that will end up in magazines, newspapers. - His father committed suicide. Was upset about the newspaper's report on it and how it was misleading and didn't tell the truth. - Dropped out of Notre Dame and went to NYC to become a photographer. - First notable work, WW2. - Situations where people are vulnerable. - Helps cement the way he's going to see the world. - Featured in LIFE magazine for a national audience. - Would spend several months on a story with multiple images and then submit it. - Great composition skills. - Post shooting work. - Wasn't afraid to show death. - Hit in one of the battles because he tried to get to close, screwed his leg up for life. - Thought his photography career was over. - A walk to paradise garden 1946, first picture after accident. his children are featured. - Starts to shoot for LIFE again - Project in Spain when Franco was a dictator. - Would print the picture to black and then bleach the faces to get a contrast. - Looks for people in America that go above and beyond and wants to tell their story. - 1951- Nurse Midwife, delivers babies and gives vaccinations. South Carolina. Gets a story about her in LIFE and people start to donate to her and she gets a clinic named after her. - Didn't care about the money, it was about his artistic integrity. - He was hard to deal with. - Produced scary images of the KKK. - Hired to do a project in Pittsburgh, and couldn't finish it. He was obsessed and kept working and working until he went bankrupt. This was his breaking point. - Popped pills to stay up, started drinking a lot. - Recorded jazz music. - Gets another chance, falls in love with younger woman, gets married. - She's part asian, pollution in water of japan causes birth deformities. Go down their to do a photo essay. Factory knew that they were responsible but no laws were forcing them to change their dumping policies. He began to photograph their and befriended a woman who's daughter had a deformity. They devised a scheme that they would wheel the little girl into the meeting and got into a fight. - Died of a stroke back in America. - Champion of photo essay's. Great social photographer. - Took pictures in insane asylum. - Great photographic printer.

- Brassi & Danny Lyon & Larry Clark.

- Hungarian. - Painter turned photographer. - Photographed Paris of the 1930's. - Worked "after dark": the street, the bars, and brotherls; book Paris By Night (1993) - Nightlife of Paris, France. - Writer but decides to Photograph. - Size work depended on his subjects participation. - Book: Paris By Night - Asked Bijou to pose for him. - All his choices. -Landscape of paris.

-American. - Personal photojournalism (New Journalism), Social Issues. - The Movement, 1963. - The Bikeriders, 1968. - Conversations with the Dead, 1971. - Photo-journalism with a "I'm picking the subjects because I want to do this". - Always felt like he had to be a part of what he was photographing. - Civil Rights Demonstration. - Got the inside scoop, made a book of it. - Always does recordings that end up in his books. - He was a motorcycle rider. - Crossing the Ohio River,Chicago Outlaws, motorcycle gang. - Did a book for them called "The Bike Riders". - Texas Prison System (from Conversations with the Dead)

- American. - Images about his life, including drugs, violence, and sex. - Tulsa, published (1971) drug culture. - Teen Age Lust (1983) about teen age runaways. - KIDS (a movie) released 1995 NY Teens. - Photographs drugs and was a drug user. - Could wake up and photograph right across the room. - Difference between him and Lyon is he didn't have to make an effort to get on the inside, he was already a part of it. - He photographed immediate friends. - Teenage Lust, skateboarders turn into his next project called KIDS.

- Nicholas Nixon & Taryn Simon & Frederick Wiseman.

- Family portraits. - Images of the aging, Book: People with Aids. - Human condition. - Passage of time on the body. - Interested in how this occurs. - Gets close to his subjects. - Young people, tight skin, bright eyes. - Older people in nursing homes. - Shows us the passage of time. - Nursing home series shows us about the elderly of society. - Has symbolism in the pictures. - Famous series, Brown sisters, 1975. - They would all get together every year and make a picture in the same configuration. - Like watching someone's life change. - Well known for his series on AIDS in America. - Having AIDS at this time was a death sentence. - Tomas Moran: series of his pictures (from People with AIDS) - More people besides Tomas Moran. - Nixon's wife interviewed them about things like what they were going to miss in this life.

- American documentary photographer. - Investigates photography's role in society. - The Innocents (2003). - An American Index of the Hidden and Unfamilair (2007). - Contraband (2010). - Documentarian, contemporary today. - Pictures of people who just got out of prison for crimes they didn't commit. - Eye-witness accounts are the weakest links. - Themes of improper incarceration. - Brought the person back to where they were arrested. Tells the story. - $28,000-35,000 could freeze your blood as soon as you die. They could come up with a cure to whatever killed you and bring you back to life in the way future. The way they freeze you, your tissue doesn't deteriorate. - White Tiger who's been inbred in America. He is mentally retarded and has a lot of deformities. - Showing practices that go on that inbreeding has many screw-ups. - Hymenoplasty, women loses virginity.. can have a surgery done to make it look like you're still a virgin. - Palestinian woman comes to Florida to reconstruct her Hymen to show her suitor's family she was a virgin. - Horse sausage.

- American documentary filmmaker; unique approach to filming public institutions. - High School (1968), Meat (1976), Ballet (1995), Crazy Horse (2011). - A partial listing; he has made 38 documentary films since 1967's Titicut Follies. - Earliest career was as a lawyer. - Filmed conditions at a mental institution and made a film. - Made 40 or 50 films, all documentary. American institutions. - Everything besides Crazy Horse is in the US. - No soundtrack in the film except what's happening. - High School, 1968 about a high school in Philadelphia. - Gym Teacher- deals with disciplinary problems. - Hospital, 1969. Guy is telling the doctor that he has homosexual tendencies. Doctor tells the patient there is something wrong with him and he must correct this. - Basic Training, 1971. Vietnam era, room full of young men being taught how to use a gun. - Kill or be killed. - Juvenile Court, 1973. - Most films are in black and white.. - Boxing Gym, 2010. Wide variety of age groups training for fights. Has to do with exercise culture. - Behind the scenes work. All the little details.