phil 2010 ch1 – Flashcards
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The prophetic orientation in religion emphasizes
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contact with the sacred is ensured by proper belief and by adherence to moral rules
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The early anthropologist who saw religion as rooted in a belief in spirits and the worship of them was
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E.B. Tylor
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Sigmund Freud, when analyzing the origin of religion, emphasized
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adults religion is based on childhood experiences
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The disciple of Freud who ultimately rebelled against him was
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Carl Gustav Jung
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Belief in many gods is called
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polytheism
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Belief in one God is called
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monotheism
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A mystical orientation in religion is characterized by
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seeking union with reality with god and universe
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A universal religious symbol that is circular, or that blends a circle and a square, is called a
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Mandala
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The prophetic orientation in religion is particularly strong in
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Judaism
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Pantheism is the belief
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nature is holy
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One religion that particularly values and makes use of silence is
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Daoism and Zen Buddhism
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One name of an early female deity was
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Astarte, Asherah, Aphrodite, Freia
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In religious studies, the word myth means
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stories central to religion
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Among many reasons for the existence of religions, religions exist to help people
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deal with mortality
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The Scottish anthropologist who was the author of the multivolume study of mythology called The Golden Bough was
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James Frazer
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The German theologian who held that religions originate in human response to the mysterious side of reality was
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Rudolf Otto
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The social scientist who argued that religion brought a new vitality to people's lives was
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William James
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What psychologist saw religion as a way for people to find their fulfillment as unique individuals, a process he called "individuation"?
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Carl Jung
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Female imagery in religions may be seen in
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spirals and eggs
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The conception of time that is found in religions that emphasize a creation and a cosmic purpose is usually
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linear
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The sociologist who emphasized that individual religions arise from and express the values of their societies was
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Durkheim
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The anthropologist who lived in the Sudan among the Nuer and Azande peoples was
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Evans-Pritchard
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The French thinker who recognized extraordinary structural similarities in stories told by tribal peoples of the Americas was
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Levi-Strauss
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The French thinker who sought to go behind and beyond ordinary interpretations, to in essence "deconstruct" texts and other phenomena in search of fresh ways of seeing, was
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Derrida
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The French thinker who explored types of power in social and religious institutions and systems of thought that oppressed minority and other marginalized groups was
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Foucault
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The analytical approach that carefully investigates individual elements in cultural phenomena, rejecting the quest for universal structures that might under-gird language or religion, is
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post-stucturalism
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The analytical approach to language, religions, and mythology that searches for universal underlying frameworks is
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stucturalism
