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gingival abscess

answer

an abscess in a healthy mouth that results from the introduction of a foreign objected forced into health tissue; limited to the gingival margin

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fistula or sinus tract

answer

drainage port of the abscess into the oral cavity

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nonvital pulp

answer

dead pulp

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reversible pulpitis

answer

mild pulpal inflammation usually resulting from a deep restoration, episodic- temperature-related pain that improves with the deposition of reparative dentin

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periodontal abscess

answer

an abscess that occurs in the presence of a preexisting periodontal pocket; affects the deeper structures of the periodontium; also referred to as a lateral abscess

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circumscribed

answer

abscess is localized, confined to a small area

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I&D

answer

incise and drain, treatment for a pericoronal abscess

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operculum

answer

a flap of tissue covering a portion of the crown of a partially erupted tooth

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primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

answer

the initial outbreak of the herpes simplex virus

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necrosis

answer

another term for cell death

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pulpal abscess

answer

an abscess that results from an infection of the tooth pulp; also referred to as endodontic abscess

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pericoronitis

answer

another name for a pericoronal abscess

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acute

answer

comes on quickly, discomfort, may not be related to preexisting periodontal condition

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pericoronal abscess

answer

an infection in the soft tissue that surrounds a partially erupted tooth

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pulp hyperemia

answer

another name for reversible pulpits

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psuedomembrane

answer

a necrotic, greyish slough of tissue covering the gingiva, common in NUG & NUP

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punched out papilla

answer

clinical sign of necrotizing periodontal disease

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third molars

answer

most common site of a pericoronal abscess

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pus

answer

collection of dead white blood cells

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chronic

answer

of long duration, usually no pain

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ulceration

answer

refers to the loss of epithelium normally covering the underlying connective tissue

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guided tissue regeneration GTR

answer

surgical procedure that attempts to regenerate lost structure, involves a barrier being placed on top of the surgical area prior to suturing

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wear and tear repair

answer

the normal replacement of tissues that mature and die

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tertiary intention

answer

healing that occurs when there is an obstacle to epithelial migration; necrotic tissue or sequestra

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modified widman flap

answer

surgical procedure for deep, infraboney pockets, furcations; good for areas where esthetics are important

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xenograph

answer

bone from a different species, bovine(cow) bone

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reattachment

answer

wound healing by the reunion of the connective tissue and root that have been separated by incision or injury but not by disease

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partial thickness/ split thickness

answer

includes only the epithelium and a layer of the underlying connective tissue; indicated if flap is to place apically or when bone will not be exposed

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osteoinductive

answer

property of bone grafting material where noncomitted stem cells are transformed into osteoblasts

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repair

answer

healing of a wound by the formation of tissues that does not truly restore the original architecture or original function of the body part

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regeneration

answer

wound healing by the biologic process by which the architecture and function of lost tissue is completely restored; must include the reformation of lost cementum, lost periodontal ligament, and lost alveolar bone

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allograft

answer

bone is taken from another person's body cadavers, freeze dried

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primary intention

answer

wound healing when the tissues are brought together in an edge to edge contact usually with the aid of sutures

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alloplast

answer

synthetic bone; hydroxyapetite minerals or ceramic

question

free gingival graft

answer

incision at the mucogingival juntion, donor tissue; donor site includes surface epithelium and some underlying connective tissue, suture, no root coverage; establishes a wider band of attached gingiva

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osteogenic

answer

property of bone grafting material that encourages the formation of new bone, cementum, periodontal ligament; living osteoblasts are part of the graft

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periodontal surgery

answer

procedure done when a patient presents with the need for the following pocket elimination , correct mucogingival defects, esthetics, better restorative procedures, implants, incise and drain abscess

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absorable barrier

answer

barrier absorbed by the body, does not need to be removed

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gingivoplasty

answer

procedure done to achieve a reshaping or recontouring of the gingiva tissues that are not attached to the

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osteoconductive

answer

property of bone grafting material acts as a scaffold where the new bone is laid down beside the material; must have some natural bone present to occur

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nondisplaced

answer

tissue is placed back to its original position

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displaced

answer

tissue is either repositioned apically, coronally , or laterally to their original position

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crown lengthening procedure

answer

procedure to expose solid tooth structure to aid in restoration of a tooth, creates a longer clinical crown

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nonabsorable barrier

answer

barrier that needs to be removed 6 to 8 weeks after placement

question

apically postponed flap

answer

procedure to eliminate moderate to deep pockets, increasing zone of attachment

question

pedicle graft

answer

procedure done on adjacent teeth, no donor site, partial thickness flap, move tissue laterally to cover root

question

gingevectomy

answer

procedure done to eliminate suprabony pockets(pseudopocket/gingival overgrowth); those pockets caused by medications; used when there is horizontal bone loss

question

connective tissue graft

answer

thickness flap, donor tissue, cover with flap, connective tissue need for blood supply, hope to get root coverage

question

full thickness mucoperiosteal flap

answer

all the soft tissue, including the periosteum, is reflected to expose the underlying bone, indicated if osseous surgery is anticipated

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osteoplasty

answer

reshaping or recontouring of nonsupporting bone or bone that is not in contact with the root, involves walled defects

question

autograft

answer

the bone is taken from the patient's own body, jaw bone, iliac crest of the hip

question

secondary intention

answer

wound healing that occurs when the tissue edges are not brought together; they need to migrate toward each other; results in the formation of granulation tissue/scar tissue

question

bone grafting procedure

answer

surgical procedure to encourage the body to rebuild alveolar bone

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periodontal dressing

answer

barrier place on the surgical site for protection, bad aide

question

sututres

answer

provide proper wound closure, helps to position the tissue, help to control bleeding

question

ostectomy

answer

removal of supporting bone or bone that is in contact with the root

question

frenectomy

answer

procedure to release the "pull" of the frenal attachment

question

dyslipidemia

answer

abnormal amounts of lips and lipoproteins in the blood

question

community acquired pneumonia

answer

pneumonia acquired outside of hospital setting

question

lipoprotein

answer

a molecule that is a combination of a lipid and a protein, the form of how lipids are transported in the blood

question

hospital acquired pneumonia

answer

an infection of the lungs contracted during a stay in a hospital or long term care facility

question

c-reactive protein

answer

CRP; a special type of plasma protein, produced my the macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle, that is present in episodes of acute

question

ventilator acquired pneumonia

answer

a hospital acquired pneumonia developing after intubation for mechanical ventilation

question

cross- reactivity

answer

when an antibody reacts with an antigen other than the one that induced in production

question

preterm low birth weight infants

answer

leading cause of neonatal deaths and long term neurodevelopmental disturbances; Babies born preterm (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) or at low birth weight (less than 2,500 grams or 5.5 pounds) are at increased risk of immediate life-threatening health problems as well as long-term complications and developmental delays.

question

atheroma

answer

a fatty deposit in the inner lining of an artery, also called arterial plaque

question

glycemic control

answer

the typical blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus

question

COPD

answer

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; a group of lung diseases, mainly emphysema and chronic bronchitis, characterized by an obstruction of airflow during exhalation

question

artherosclerosis

answer

CVD characterized by a thickening of the artery walls

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Hba1C

answer

the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. measure the amount of glycoslated hemoglobin in the blood, normal levels for non diabetic are between 4-6

question

causation

answer

a health factor does not mean the factor caused the specific disease

question

hypercoagulable

answer

when there is an abnormal increased tendency toward coagulation

question

preeclampsia

answer

a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by an abrupt rise in blood pressure, large amounts of protein albumin in the urine and swelling of the hands, feet , and face; occurring in the 3rd trimester

question

association

answer

a bidirectional relationship between oral health and systemic health

question

clinical attachment level measurements

answer

the most effective way to evaluate periodontal disease control; accomplished with sequential comparison of CAL measurements

question

four to six weeks

answer

the time interval, post nonsurgical therapy, for the patient to return to the practice for reevaluation

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compliance

answer

extent to which a patient's behavior coincides with dental/medical or health advice compliance

question

root caries

answer

tooth decay/ cavitated lesions found on the roots of teeth, found in some patients who exhibit recession

question

remineralization

answer

process by which root caries can be arrested

question

preventive agent use to prevent root caries

answer

fluoride

question

selfcare

answer

efforts performed by the patient to keep their oral cavity free of bacterial plaque biofilm and calculus

question

refractory periodontitis

answer

periodontitis that is resistant to control even with appropriate therapy and good patient self-care

question

periodontal maintenace

answer

the continuing patient care provided by the dental team to help the periodontitis patient maintain periodontal health following complete nonsurgical or surgical periodontal therapy

question

primary risk factor for inflammatory periodontal disease

answer

bacterial plaque biofilm

question

recurrent periodontitis

answer

the return of the disease in a patient that has been previously successfully treated for periodontitis

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three months

answer

recommended time interval for periodontal maintenance visit

question

mutans streptococci lactobacillus

answer

strains of bacteria associated with root caries

question

ascorbic acid-deficiency gingivitis

answer

scorbutic gingivitis; biofilm induced gingivitis aggravated by a severe deficiency in ascorbic acid, vitamin C

question

reactive oxygen species

answer

ROS, chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen

question

peri-implantitis

answer

a more advanced inflammatory disease, such as chronic periodontitis, that exhibits deep probing depth (5mm or greater) BOP and or purulence, and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss around an implant

question

vitamins

answer

organic antioxidants that are not synthesized by the body and are necessary for normal metabolism

question

macronutrients

answer

nutrients that provide energy or calories, protein, lipids, carbohydrates

question

oxidation

answer

when oxygen interacts with any cell type

question

porphyromonas-gingivalis

answer

bacteria thought to colonize the oral bacteria of people who smoke

question

tannerella forsythia

answer

bacteria found in increased proportions of patients who are classified as obese

question

peri-implant mucositis

answer

plaque induce gingivitis, with no supporting bone loss, that is localized in the gingival tissues surrounding an implant; also called peri-implant gingivitis

question

micronutrients

answer

nutrients that are needed in small quantities each day, calcium and vitamins

question

obesity

answer

an excess amount of body fat in proportion to lean body mass, to the extent that health is impaired

question

dental implant

answer

nonbiologic device surgically inserted into the jawbone to replace missing teeth or to provide support for a prosthetic denture

question

antioxidant substances

answer

substances, such as vitamins, that are capable of counteracting damaging effects of the physiological process of oxidation a living organism

question

ailing implant

answer

an implant that has been arrested bone loss and no mobility

question

implant

answer

artificial replacement of teeth, grafted or inserted surgically, into intact tissue for prosthetic purposes

question

periodontal ligament

answer

does not exist around the implant

question

titanium

answer

metal commonly used for implants

question

smoking

answer

a factor that contributes to implant failure

question

subperiosteal implant

answer

on top of bone, fits over the bone, cast metal frame similar to a hair clip, has posts that protrude for the screw type implant

question

ossesointegration

answer

relationship between titanium and bone, major requirement for success

question

implant fixture

answer

portion on the implant that is surgically placed into the bone

question

failied implant

answer

an implant that has mobility and bone loss

question

hydroxyapitite

answer

coating found on some implants

question

biomechanical force

answer

collective forces placed on the implant

question

transosteal implant

answer

through the bone, used only on the mandible as denture anchors that go all the way through the bone from under the chin into the mouth, also called mandibular staple implants, only used when there is severely resorbed mandibles

question

once a year

answer

period of time/ frequency of exposing a radiograph of the implant

question

endosseos implant

answer

placed in the bone, crew type, cylindrical, blade,most common

question

early failure implant

answer

failure due to fact that osseointegration never occurred

question

functional ankylosis

answer

another term that means osseointegration

question

perioimplantitis

answer

chronic periodontitis in the tissue surrounding the implant

question

loading

answer

the placement of the crown/fixture on the implant

question

biological seal

answer

perimucosal seal, the relationship between the junctional epithelium and the implant

question

late implant failure

answer

failure occurs years after placement

question

endodontic implant

answer

implants placed in and through the tooth, also referred to as endodontic stabilizers, post inserted into a root candled tooth all the way through the apex

question

anti-inflammmatory

answer

in periodontology, biochemical mediators that are protective and help keep the bacterial infection from doing serious harm to the periodontium

question

nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drug

answer

NSAID, a drug/medication used to treat acute pain, acute inflammation, and chronic inflammatory conditions

question

bisphosphonate

answer

a drug that inhibits the description of bone by altering the osteoclastic activity, may have some benefits in treating periodontal disease

question

biochemical mediators

answer

biologically active compounds that activate the immune system

question

doxycycline

answer

a member of the tetracycline family, a host modulator, given in a low dose to decrease the effect of the enzyme collagenase

question

subantibacterial dose

answer

a dose of an antibiotic that is below the normal bacterial killing or inhibiting dose

question

host modulation therapy

answer

altering a patients defense response to help the body defenses limit damage caused by disease

question

osteoporosis

answer

a progressive bone disease characterized by a decrease in both bone mass and bone density that can lead to increased risk of bone fractures

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