PENS The Sentence Writing Strategy – Flashcards
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Simple Sentence
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A sentence that has one independent clause
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Independent Clause
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a group of words with 1. a subject and a verb and 2. it can stand alone because it makes a complete statement
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difference between a simple sentence and independent clause
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A simple sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with a period.
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Five criteria for any sentence
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1. at least one subject 2. at least one verb 3. make a complete statement 4. starts with a capital letter 5. has end punctuation ( . ! ? )
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Subject
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noun that the sentence is about a noun= person place thing quality or idea
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Verb
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A word that shows the action or state of being of the subject of the sentence physical (rowing) and mental (want) actions
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State of being verbs or Linking verbs
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Am, are , is , was ,were, be, been , being, become, seem,
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Verb-Subject identification procedure
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1. look for the verb and put a V above it 2. ask yourself who or what the verb did to find the subject and put S above it
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Subject phrase
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a group of words that includes adjectives and the main subject
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Main Subject
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The one word that has to be present for the sentence to make sense
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Helping Verbs
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Helping Verbs help tell when the action of the sentence takes place ( past, present, future, possible) am, are, can, could, do, does, did, has, have, had, is, may, might, must, shall, should, was, were, will, would, be been being~~ cant use them alone
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Verb Phrase
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a group of words that includes helping verbs and the main verb
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compound subject
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when a sentence has two or more subjects performing the same verb(s)
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compound verb
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a sentence's subject performs two or more actions or has two or more states of being
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PENS the sentence writing strategy
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Pick a formula Explore words to fit the formula Note the words Search and check Capital letter End punctuation Makes sense
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Simple sentence formulas
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SV SSV SVV SSVV
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compound sentence
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A sentence with two or more independent clauses
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Coordinating Conjunctions
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Words that are used with a comma ( , ) to join two independent clauses.
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FAN BOYS
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,for ,and ,nor ,but ,or ,yet ,so
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Semicolon
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A punctuation mark used to join two independent clauses
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Compound sentence formulas
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I,c I (Cate is happy, for she ran a marathon.) I; I (Cate went skydiving; she threw up.)
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complex sentence
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a sentence that has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
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dependent clause
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a group of words with a subject and a verb that cannot stand alone
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subordinating conjunctions
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words that show the relationship between the dependent clause and the independent clause
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complex formulas
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D,I ID
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sample subordinating conjunctions
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although after before even though if rather than since unless whenever while
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compound-complex sentence
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A sentence that has two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
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compound-complex formulas
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D,I;I D,I,cI ID,cI ID;I I,cID I;ID
