Pathophysiology Chapter 4 Cancer – Flashcards
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Cancer is the _______ most common cause of death in the United States.
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second
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Benign tumors are ____, and remain localized.
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not life threatening, grow slowly
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Benign tumors have a _____.
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smooth surface and are symmetrical
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Malignant tumors have a _____ like appearance and an irregular surface.
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crab
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Malignant tumors are_____.
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no encapsulated, making excision more difficult
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Malignant tumors of the supportive tissues are named with the prefix that designates the cell or tissue of origin followed by the term____.
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sarcoma
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An osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of ____.
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bone
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The most common important risk factor for cancer is _______.
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growing older
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Cigarette smoking causes about _____ of all cancer deaths in the United States.
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30%
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The _____ increases the risk for cancers of the cervix, penis, vagina, anus, and vuluva.
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human papillomavirus
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______ secret chemicals that cause pores to form in the membrane of abnormal cells, leading to cell death.
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natural killer cells
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Uncontrolled cell division is the result of _____ in genes that play a role in cell division.
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mutations
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_____ tell genes when to divide.
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oncogenes
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______ causes uncontrolled cell divison that may result in cancer.
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tumor suppressor genes
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______ tell cells when not to divide.
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tumor suppressor genes
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mutation in the four genes that are responsible for the cell divison can be _____.
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inherited or acquired
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more than 50% of all cancers involve an acquired mutation in the tumor suppressor gene ______/
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p53
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_______ is the use of xrays to form a still or moving picture of the inside body.
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radiography
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______ is a scanning type of radiography that creates a 3D picture of the inside of the bdy
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CT
