Pathophysiology Chapter 10 – Flashcards

1. All of the following changes are associated with aging EXCEPT: a. loss of elastic fibers b. decreased metabolic rate c. decreased secretion of all hormones d. degenerative vascular changes

2. Predisposing factors to osteoporosis in older women include all of the following EXCEPT: a. decreased estrogen secretion b. genetic factors c. sedentary lifestyle d. decreased parathyroid hormone

3. Lung expansion in the elderly may be reduced because of decreased: 1. tissue elasticity 2. rib mobility 3. control by the respiratory center 4. skeletal muscle strength a. 1, 3 b. 1, 4 c. 2, 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 4

4. Vision in the elderly may be impaired when the lens of the eye becomes larger and less elastic, resulting in: a. presbyopia b. cataracts c. glaucoma d. damage to the retina

5. What is a major factor leading to increased occurrence of cancer in the elderly? a. widespread vascular degeneration b. cumulative exposure to carcinogens c. hereditary factors d. increased immune surveillance

6. Senescence refers to the period of time when: a. mitosis is accelerated b. apoptosis is reduced c. aging changes become apparent d. cell death exceeds cell replacement

7. Theories about the causes of aging include: a. apoptosis b. wear and tear c. altered protein (amyloid) accumulation d. degenerative changes in collagen or elastic fibers e. all the above

8. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the increasing lifespan of the general population? a. reduced cognitive and social activities b. improved living conditions c. better nutrition d. advancements in healthcare e. increase in regular physical exercise

9. The term given to the change that occurs in women at around age 50 with the cessation of the menstrual cycle is: a. menopause b. dysmenorrhea c. amenorrhea d. menarche

10. Recommendations to reduce the risk factors and the progression of osteoporosis with aging include: a. reducing Vitamin D intake b. maintaining walking and weight-bearing exercise c. increasing bone resorption d. maintaining glucocorticoid therapy

11. All are physiologic changes that occur with aging EXCEPT: a. reduced skeletal muscle mass b. degeneration of fibrocartilage in intervertebral discs in the spine c. increased Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) d. reduced bladder capacity and incomplete bladder emptying e. thinner dermis and decreased subcutaneous tissue

12. With advancing age, the major change in the cardiovascular system involves: a. irregular impulse conduction in the heart b. reduced number of collagen fibres to support cardiac muscle c. vascular degeneration leading to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis d. heart valves become thin and weak e. lower blood pressure and slower pulse

13. Which of the following factors lead to delayed wound healing in the elderly? 1. reduced rate of mitosis 2. inadequate circulation 3. high risk of infection 4. more effective immune system a. 1, 2 b. 1, 3 c. 2, 4 d. 1, 2, 3 e. 2, 3, 4

14. Which of the following may develop in an elderly patient who has several medical problems and is markedly obese? a. osteoarthritis and cardiovascular complications b. decreased activity and diabetes mellitus c. undesirable interactions with multiple prescription drugs and OTC medications d. a, b e. a, b, c