Patho questions ch. 17 – Flashcards
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dysphagia
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Difficulty swallowing
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What does congenital esophageal atresia cause?
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?????
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Which of the following applies to cleft palate?
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The hard and soft palates do not fuse during the first trimester of pregnancy.
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Oral candidiasis is considered to
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be an opportunistic fungal infection of the mouth.
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Why does herpes simplex infection tend to recur?
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The virus persists in latent form in sensory nerve ganglia
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What does the term periodontitis refer to?
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Bacterial damage to the teeth and surrounding alveolar bone
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What is a common cause of hiatal hernia?
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Increased intra-abdominal pressure
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What is a common sign of acute gastritis?
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Vomiting and anorexia
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What does the pathophysiology of chronic gastritis include?
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Atrophy of the gastric mucosa with decreased secretions
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What is a common cause of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella?
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Raw or undercooked poultry or eggs
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Which of the following individuals is likely to develop acute gastritis?
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An individual with an allergy to shellfish
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A patient with acquired pyloric stenosis would likely:
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vomit undigested food from previous meals.
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Prolonged or severe stress predisposes to peptic ulcer disease because:
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of reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands.
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The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease may involve any of the following EXCEPT
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increased stimulation of mucus-producing glands.
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Which of the following would a perforated gastric ulcer likely cause?
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Chemical peritonitis
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What would be the result of chronic bleeding from gastric carcinoma?
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Occult blood in the stool and anemia
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What is frequently the first manifestation of stress ulcers?
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Hematemesis
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Bilirubin is a product of:
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hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) and breakdown of hemoglobin
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Why does mild hyperbilirubinemia occur in newborns?
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Immature liver cannot process bilirubin quickly enough
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Predisposing factors to cholelithiasis include excessive:
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bilirubin or cholesterol concentration in the bile
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What is the major effect when a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct?
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Severe colicky pain in upper right quadrant
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Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones is referred to as:
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choledocholithiasis
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Which of the following applies to hepatitis A infection?
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It is transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
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What is the most common type of hepatitis transmitted by blood transfusion?
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HCV
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During the course of a hepatitis B infection, the onset of jaundice occurs in the:
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icteric stage
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What is the likely effect of long-term exposure to a hepatotoxin?
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Gradual irreversible damage to the liver and cirrhosis
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A factor that may precipitate encephalopathy with cirrhosis is the elevated:
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serum ammonia.
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What is the primary cause of esophageal varices?
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Increased hydrostatic pressure in the veins
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What is the primary cause of increased bleeding tendencies associated with cirrhosis?
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Deficit of vitamin K and prothrombin
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Which factors contribute to ascites in patients with cirrhosis?
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Increased aldosterone and deficit of albumin
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Which of the following is a major cause of primary hepatocellular cancer?
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Long-term exposure to certain chemicals
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What causes massive inflammation and necrosis in acute pancreatitis?
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Autodigestion of tissue by pancreatic enzymes
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How does chemical peritonitis and shock frequently result from acute pancreatitis?
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Inflammation and increased vascular permeability of the peritoneum affect fluid balance.
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Malnutrition may develop in children with celiac disease because of:
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damage to the intestinal villi.
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Which of the following best describes steatorrhea?
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Bulky, fatty, foul-smelling stools
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What is the dietary requirement for a child with celiac disease?
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gluten free
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What are the typical changes occurring with Crohn's disease?
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Inflamed areas of the wall of the ileum alternating with thick fibrotic or normal areas
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How may a fistula form with Crohn's disease?
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Recurrent inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis, forming a connection between intestinal loops
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What pain is typical of diverticulitis?
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Lower left quadrant
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What usually initiates acute appendicitis?
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Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix
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With acute appendicitis, localized pain and tenderness in the lower right quadrant results from:
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local inflammation of the parietal peritoneum
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How does localized peritonitis develop from acute appendicitis before rupture?
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Intestinal bacteria escape through the necrotic appendiceal wall.
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What is a typical early sign of cancer in the ascending colon?
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Occult blood in the stool
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To which site does colon cancer usually first metastasize?
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Liver
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How does a volvulus cause localized gangrene in the intestine?
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The mesenteric arteries are compressed in the twisted section of intestine
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A congenital condition in which parasympathetic innervation is missing from a section of the colon, impairing motility is referred to as:
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Hirschsprung's disease.
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What causes hypovolemic shock to develop with intestinal obstruction?
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Continued vomiting and fluid shift into the intestine
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What causes the characteristic rigid abdomen found in the patient with peritonitis?
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Inflamed peritoneum, resulting in reflex abdominal muscle spasm
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Pancreatic cancer may be diagnosed early if obstruction of bile or pancreatic secretions develops when the tumor is located
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at the head of the pancreas
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The telescoping of one section of bowel inside another section is called
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intussusceptions.
