Paper 1 – Who won the Cuban Missile Crisis? – Flashcards
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Communist forces under Mao Zedong defeated the Chinese Nationalist forces and took control of China
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1949
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Communist North Korea invaded the USA'S ally, South Korea - after 3 years of warfare, US forces pushed back the North Koreans
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1950
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South-east Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) established by Secretary of State Dulles
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1954
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Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO) established by Secretary of State Dulles
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1955
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The USA and USSR competed in an arms race
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1950s
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Stalin died and was succeeded by Khrushchev
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1953
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Khrushchev's statement of 'de-Stalinising' Europe led to anti-Soviet rebellions in Poland and Hungary - Soviet troops were sent in to regain control
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1956
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CIA established by the US
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1947
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Engineers from the Soviet Union began testing the world's first ICBM in Baykonyr in Kazakhstan
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15th May 1957
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The idea of a 'Missile Gap' between the USA and the USSR was heavily reported in American media
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1950s
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Eisenhower knew the 'Missile Gap' was a myth because of a Soviet source
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Early 1960s
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Kennedy became President of the USA
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January 1961
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The USA had developed their own ICBMs - Atlas and Minutemen missiles - Polaris missiles from virtually undetectable submarines
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1959
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The USA was pulling ahead in the Arms race
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Early 1960s
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Americans were warned about the terrible dangers of a nuclear attack - 'Duck and Cover'
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1950s
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Fidel Castro overthrew General Batista after a 3-year guerrilla campaign
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1959
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Eisenhower authorised the CIA to investigate ways of overthrowing Castro
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June 1960
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Castro had allied Cuba with the Soviet Union - Khrushchev signed a trade agreement giving Cuba $100 million in economic aid
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Summer of 1960
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Kennedy broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba
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January 1961
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Cuban exiles landed at the Bay of Pigs
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April 1961
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The Soviet Union announced publicly it was supplying arms to Cuba
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May 1962
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Cuba had the best equipped army in Latin America
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By July 1962
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Cuba had thousands of Soviet missiles, as well as patrol boats, tanks, radar vans, missile erectors, jet bombers, jet fighters and 5,000 Soviet technicians to maintain the weapons
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By September 1962
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Kennedy's own Intelligence Department said it did not believe the USSR would send nuclear missiles to Cuba - it had not done so with any other satellite states and the USA thought it would be too risky
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September 1962
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Kennedy warned the USSR it would prevent Cuba becoming a nuclear base 'by whatever means might be necessary,
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11th September 1962
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An American spy plane photographed missile sites on Cuba
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Sunday 14th October 1962
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Kennedy is informed of the missile build up - Ex Comm (special team of advisors) formed
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Tuesday 16th October 1962
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Kennedy decides on a blockade of Cuba
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Saturday 20th October 1962
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Kennedy announces the blockade and calls on the Soviet Union to withdraw its missiles
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Monday 22nd October 1962
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Kennedy receives a letter from Khrushchev saying Soviet ships will not observe the blockade - Khrushchev does not admit the presence of nuclear missiles on Cuba
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Tuesday 23rd October 1962
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The blockade begins - 20 Soviet ships stop or turn around
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Wednesday 24th October 1962
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Intensive aerial photography reveals that work on the Cuban missile bases is proceeding rapidly
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Thursday 25th October 1962
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Kennedy receives a long, personal letter from Khrushchev, who claims that the missiles are purely defensive and asks for the USA not to invade Cuba
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Friday 26th October 1962
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AM Khrushchev sends a second letter, in which he explains that his condition for removing the missiles in Cuba is that the USA withdraws its missiles from Turkey An American U2 plane is shot down over Cuba and the pilot is killed - the President is advised to launch an immediate reprisal attack PM Kennedy decided to delay an attack and also ignore the second Khrushchev letter, but accepts the terms of the first - he warns that if the Soviet Union does not withdraw, an attack will follow
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Saturday 27th October 1962
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Khrushchev agrees to withdraw the missiles from Cuba
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Sunday 28th October 1962
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The USSR removes its missiles from Cuba
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November 1962
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The USA withdraws its missiles from Britain, Italy and Turkey
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April 1963
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A Test Ban Treaty was signed by the USA, USSR and Britain - this limited tests
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1963
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A Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty was signed - the superpowers promised not to supply nuclear weapons to other countries
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1968
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Khrushchev was replaced as Soviet leader
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1964
