Organic Chemistry Substituent and Compound Names – Flashcards
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alcohol
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If have two -OH, then "diols." -OH take precedence in naming over double/triple bonds.
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ether
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R- :O: -R' naming: alkoxy - R' naming rings = epoxides
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nitrile
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Also known as cyanide.
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amine
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think: n for No oxygen
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ketone
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alky-one +1 carbonyl takes oxo- prefix.
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carboxylic acid
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alky-oic acid
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ester
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alkoxycarbonyl- -oate
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amide
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alky-amine. higher priority substituents: prefix amino-
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n vs. iso vs. sec. vs. tert vs neo
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n = straight chain. iso = branched @ end of the substituent group, away from R. sec = branched @ beginning of substituent, closest to R. tert = entire thing is branched (think tree.) neo = second-to-last carbon of the chain is trisubstituted
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vinyl
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monosubstituted ethylenes; C=C as a substituent. (Each H can be replaced by another substituent; halides, etc.)
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formaldehyde
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also known as methanal
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acetaldehyde
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also known as ethanal
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propionaldehyde
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also known as propanal
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Imine
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R?C=NR' name - imine
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diazo
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RN?
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nitro
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RNO?
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D glucose (Haworth and open)
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Mostly -OH on the right side of open. Mostly -OH group pointing down on Haworth. alpha = -OH on C1 and -CH?OH on C5 are trans. beta = cis. Think: adroit. D for D-glucose and for OH groups pointing down; r for -OH on right.
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L glucose (Haworth and open)
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Mostly -H on the right side of open. Mostly -H pointing down on Haworth. alpha = -OH on C1 and -CH?OH on C5 are trans. beta = cis.
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geminal halide
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Two of the same halide are attached to the same carbon. Think of gemini like twins!
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alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl
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C=O next to C=C [?(O=C)?C?=C?? ]
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acyl group
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-COR
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phtalamide (reaction with CH?Br?)
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CH?Br + phtalamide --> methyl phtalamide group attached. Hydrolysis w/ aqueous base would yield methylamine.
