online history modual 12 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
what theory claims that life consists of competitive struggles in which only the strong survive
answer
Social Darwinism
question
how did U.S. imperialism differ from the imperialism of nations with extrative economies
answer
the United States sought colonies as markets. other nations used colonies' resources
question
how did imperialist nations expand and protect their interests around the world
answer
imperialist nations built up their armies and navies
question
what contribution did Alfred T. Mahan make to help America become an imperial power
answer
Mahan encouraged the development of American naval power
question
how did people who were Social Darwinists justify imperialism
answer
they asserted that certain nations and races were destined to rule over others
question
what arguement did Frederick Jackson Turner make to justify American imperialism
answer
Turner said that colonial expansion served the purpose that the frontier had for earlier Americans
question
what country opened up trade with the United States as the result of a treaty negotiated by Matthew Perry
answer
Japan
question
what act of U.S. expansion was the direct result of Matthew Perry's naval journey to Japan
answer
the United States took possession of the Midway Islands
question
how did the United States benefit from its purcahse of Alaska
answer
the purchase gave the United States access to a rich source of natural resources
question
Commondore Matthew Perry negotiated a treaty that opened which country to trade with the United States
answer
Japan
question
according to scholars today, William Seward's purchase of which territory is a key milestone on Americas road to power
answer
Alaska
question
in the 1880s, how did U.S. businessmen see Latin America
answer
as a place to expand trade and investments
question
who abolished the constitutional amendment that had limited voting rights to the wealthy landowners of Hawaii
answer
Queen Liluokalani
question
why did American planters overthrow Queen Liluokalani in 1893
answer
the queen had abolished the constitution that gave power to wealthy white Americans
question
why did President Grover Cleveland refuse to sign the treaty that allowed the United States to annex Hawaii
answer
Cleveland learned that the treaty did not have the support of Hawaiians
question
in the1880s and 1890s, how did U.S. planters gain power in Hawaii
answer
they pressured the king and then overthrew the queen
question
what was the difference in the attitude of Presidents Harrison and Cleveland toward the annexation of Hawaii
answer
President Harrion favored annexation, but President Cleveland did not
question
what new relationship with Hawaii did Congress approve in 1898
answer
annexation
question
what action let wealthy planters in Hawaii to fear that their sales and profits would decrease
answer
the imposition of a new U.S. tariff on Hawaiian sugar
question
how did American imperialism differ from European imperialism
answer
America needed new markets for its goods, not a source of raw material for industries
question
why was the U.S. annexation of Hawaii delayed unitl William McKinley became President
answer
McKinleys predecessor, Grover Cleveland, refused to sign the treaty of annexation
question
what American argued that overseas expansion was a "safety valve" to keep ambitious Americans content
answer
Frederick Jackson Turner
question
what let to the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani
answer
the abolition of the constitution favorable to white planters
question
what was the effect of U.S. threats to intervene in a border dispute between British Guiana and Venezuela
answer
Great Britian accepted the growing U.S. influence in Latin American countries
question
what was the name given to the publications that used sensational headlines and pictures to boost readership
answer
Yellow Press
question
how did Spanish authorities respond to the rebel attacks led by Jose Marti
answer
Spanish authorities herded Cubans into reconcentration camps to deprive rebels of recruits
question
what role did Yellow Press newspapers play in getting the United States into the Spanish-American War
answer
the newspapers printed exaggerated stories that stirred up the publics anger toward Spain
question
which event fueled American jingoism and inglamed relations with Spain
answer
the publication of a letter written by the Spanish amassador that insulted the president
question
why did President William McKinely ask Congress for the authority to use military force against Spain
answer
to end the fighting between the Spanish government and the Cuban rebels
question
who led the surpise attack on the Soanish fleet in the Philippines
answer
Commodore George Dewey
question
what role did George Dewey play in the first American victory in the Spanish-American War
answer
Dewey commanded a U.S. fleet that destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Philippines
question
what problmes did American soldiers face at the beginning of the war
answer
American soldiers had little training and few supplies
question
who made up Theordore Roosevelts Rough Rider force that captured Kettle and San Juan hills in Cuba
answer
the Rough Riders were made up of rugged westerners and wealthy easterners
question
what was Spains agreement under the Treaty of Paris in regard to the Philippines
answer
Spain agreed to sell the Philippines to the United States
question
what prevented the United States from taking possession of Cuba after the Spanish-American War
answer
the passage of the Teller Amendment by Congress when war was declared
question
what was the purpose of the Treaty of Paris
answer
the Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-American War
question
which debate almost prevented the Treaty of Paris from being ratified
answer
the debate about granting the Philippines independence
question
what was one effect of the Spanish-American War
answer
the United States had an empire and a new stature in world affairs
question
what Spanish possession did the United States purchase under the Treaty of Paris
answer
the Philippines
question
where did fighting continue after the Spanish forces in Cuba had surrendered
answer
Puerto Rico
question
how did William Randolph Hearst contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War
answer
his newspapers printed stories that inflamed relations with Spain
question
why did American Anti-Imperialist League condemn imperialism
answer
the league argued that imperialism went against American principles
question
how did the Yellow Press contibute to the aggressive nationalist sentiment in the United States before the Spanish-American War
answer
by printing stories that made relations between Spain and the United States worse than they were
question
President William McKinley requested Congress to grant him the authority to do something. What did he want to do
answer
to use military force to establish peace in Cuba
question
why did Filipino nationalist leader Emilio Aguinaldo turn against U.S. rule in the Philippines
answer
Aguinaldo was angered when the United States decided to keep control of the Philippines
question
why did the Filipino insurrection against the United States take the form of guerrilla warfare rather than all-out war
answer
Filipino rebels did not have enough weapons to fight American troops in all-out war
question
what action did William Howard Taft take as governor of the Philippines
answer
Taft placed dissidents in jail and censored the press
question
why did Emilio Aguinaldo lead an insurrection against the United States
answer
he was not happy that the United States maintained possession of the Philippines following the Spanish-American War
question
what method did U.S. soldiers use against the Filipinos that the Spanish had used against the Cubans
answer
moving civilians into concentration camps
question
what initiative did William Howard Taft use as governor of the Philippines to help the islands recover from rebellion
answer
he extended limited self-rule and ordered construction of schools, roads, and bridges
question
who issued a note that started the U.S. expected "perfect equality of treatment for commerce" in China
answer
John Hay
question
what was the goal of the Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Policy
answer
to gain equal trade rights for American commerce in China
question
how did America's Open Door Policy clash with European shperes of influence
answer
American wanted free trade in China. Europeans wanted to control trading zones
question
why did the U.S. send troops to participate in the multinational force that fought the Boxer Rebellion in 1900
answer
to support U.S. trade goals by helping to preserve China as a nation
question
why did President Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize
answer
he negotiated an end to the Russo-Japanese War
question
why did President Theodore Roosevelt sign a "Gentlemens Agreement" with Japan
answer
to calm tensions created by the segregation of Japanese students in California
question
what was the effect of President Roosevelts intervention in the negotiations to end the Russo-Japanese War
answer
Roosevelts intervention emphasized Americas gowing role in world affairs
question
what led President Roosevelt and Congress to support building the Great White Fleet
answer
the desire to protect the interests of the United States in Asia
question
what was the goal of the Philippine insurrection
answer
to gain independence from U.S. rule
question
what helped ease tensions between Japan and the United States over segregation in Californias schools
answer
the negotiation of the "Gentlements Agreement"
question
how did the European system of spheres of influence in China threaten U.S. interests
answer
it limited the ports for American trade in China
question
why did the United States announce the Open Door Policy
answer
to guarantee American commerce with China
question
why did President Roosevelt want support for the Great White Fleet
answer
to demostrate America's military power
question
what did Congress promise by passing the Jones Act
answer
the United States would grant independence to the Philippines
question
what was the impact of the Philippine insurrection of the United States
answer
the United States lost thousands of soldiers fighting the insurgency
question
what did Congress pass that established a civil government in Puerto Rico
answer
Foraker Act
question
how did the Platt Amendment make the independent nation of Cuba protectorate of the United States
answer
the amendment required U.S. approval for Cuba's treaties
question
why did many Puerto Ricans dislike the Foraker Act
answer
the Foraker Act granted only partial citizenship to Puerto Ricans
question
how did the outcome of the Spanish-American War affect the people of Cuba and Puerto Rico
answer
they had their rights restricted
question
what was the effect of the Platt Amendment
answer
it restricted the righst of newly independent Cubans
question
according to the Roosevelt Corollary, how did the United States justify its intervention in Latin America
answer
it prevented European powers from intervening there
question
why did President Theodore Roosevelt's advocate the policy of "big stick" diplomacy for the United States
answer
Roosevelt believed the United States had a responsibility to "civilize" other nations
question
how did Roozevelt Corallary update the monroe Doctrine, which kept European powers out of Latin American countries
answer
the Roosevelt Corallary claimed that the United States had the right to intervene in Latin America
question
what action did the United States take to get rights to the land on which the Panama Canal was built
answer
the United States military supported Panamanian rebels seeking independence from Colombia
question
how did President Taft's "dollar diplomacy" help Americans gain economic power over Latin American countries
answer
Americans invested in banks, buisinesses, and resources in Latin America
question
which depended on a strong military to achieve America's goals
answer
"big stick" diplomacy
question
after it declared its independence from Columbia, what did Panama give the United States
answer
control over the "Canal Zone"
question
which updated the Monroe Doctrine for an age of economic imperialism
answer
Roosevelt Corollary
question
according to President Wilson, what three ideas did his "moral diplomacy" promote
answer
human rights, national integrity, and opportunity
question
how did President Woodrow Wilson's "moral diplomacy" differ from Roosevelt's "big stick" policy of military force
answer
"moral diplomacy" promoted human rights, independence, and equal opportunity
question
President Woodrow Wilson believed in "moral diplomacy." why did he send American forces into Mexico to pursue Francisco "Pancho" Villa
answer
Villa had raided a village in New Mexico and killed Americans
question
what action by President Woodrow Wilson was an example of his use of "big stick" diplomacy rather than "moral diplomacy"
answer
he sent marines to help Venustiano Carranza assume the presidency of Mexico
question
which policy favored honorable diplomacy but still resorted to military intervention upon occassion
answer
moral diplomacy
question
in the Mexican Revolution, Victoriano Huerta seized power and executed Francisco Madero. Which action did the U.S. President take under "moral diplomacy"
answer
he did not accept a "government of butchers" and favored another reformer
question
who was the U.S. Presidnet most closely associated with "moral diplomacy"
answer
Woodrow Wilson
question
what was the result of President Taft's "dollar diplomacy"
answer
American investments in Latin America increased
question
what led to discontent among Puerto Ricans even after the passage of the foraker Act and the Jones-Shafroth Act
answer
Peurto Ricans' did not enjoy the same rights as U.S. citizens
question
what action did President Woodrow Wilson take that sent a strong message to the American people about his new "moral diplomacy"
answer
he appointed an anti-imperialist as Secretary of State
question
what was one example of American's use of the "big stick" policy
answer
the dispatch of American troops to Nicaragua to protect its pro-American government
question
why did President Wilson send marines to Haiti in 1915
answer
to protect American investments and guard against European aggression
question
why did the U.S. dispatch warships to the waters off Panama
answer
to aid Panamanian rebellion against Colombia
question
what was the effect of the Platt Amendment on U.S. relations with Cuba
answer
it made Cuba a protectorate of the United States
question
what right did the United States claim under the Roosevelt Corollary
answer
the right to assume police power in Latin America
question
why did President Wilson withdraw American troops from Mexico in 1917
answer
he was concerned about World War 1 raging in Europe
