question

Dietary Reference Intakes:

answer

are used as a health promotion method and to help prevent nutrient deficiencies.

question

What are the variables used to calculate the Estimated Energy Requirement (EERs)

answer

Age, gender, height, weight, and level of physical activity

question

he focus of the Dietary Guidance has changed in recent years to match

answer

an increase in chronic diseases such as diabetes.

question

What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

answer

They suggest overall diet and lifestyle choices to promote health.

question

How do the Dietary Guidelines for Americans address the problem of obesi

answer

They recommend balancing kcalories consumed with the kcalories expended in activity.

question

From Figure 2.8 MyPlate, which is the best way to eat food from each section of the plate?

answer

starchy vegetables should be included

question

If a nutrient does not have a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) then what standard can be used to arrive at a suitable nutrient intake value?

answer

Adequate Intake (AIs) can be used to calculate a nutrient intake value.

question

The 1977 Dietary Goals for the United States were the first set of recommendations that addressed health promotion in addition to resolving nutrient deficiencies.

answer

True

question

The correct labels for Value A, Value B and Value C respectively in this Figure showing nutrient recommendations are:

answer

Value A = EAR, Value B = RDA, and Value C = UL.

question

Which of the following statements is true about using the MyPlate Daily Food Plan?

answer

Calorie needs are used to determine food group amounts.

question

As long as you obtain nutrition information from an individual who has the title of "nutritionist", it is considered to be reliable and accurate.

answer

false

question

What information would determine the validity of a nutrition claim?

answer

the article was peer edited

question

Which one of the following is viewed as the most valuable source of nutrition information?

answer

registered dietician

question

hich of the following is the BEST reason to include a placebo in the experimental design of a human intervention trial? hich of the following is the BEST reason to include a placebo in the experimental design of a human intervention trial

answer

It helps prevent the expectations of the subjects from biasing the research.

question

When evaluating a nutritional study, which is the least important factor?When evaluating a nutritional study, which is the least important factor?

answer

how many researchers were involved in the study

question

Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements? Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements?

answer

a pamphlet published by local food store

question

Findings from epidemiological studies:

answer

are limited in their generalizability due to sample bias.

question

Foods that contain added refined sugars contribute ______________ to the die

answer

empty calories

question

Which monosaccharide is commonly found in ALL disaccharides?

answer

glucose

question

Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

answer

glycogen

question

Which type of fiber has a laxative effect by adding bulk to fecal matter as it passes, unchanged, through the

answer

insolluable fiber

question

Which of the following best describes the effects of lactose intolerance on those who consume dairy products?

answer

The undigested lactose passes into the large intestine, where it draws in water, is metabolized by bacteria, producing gas and causing abdominal distension, gas, cramping, and diarrhea.

question

Which one of the following foods is the most refined?

answer

corn flakes

question

Fructose is found mostly in: Fructose is found mostly in:

answer

fruits and vegetables

question

Sucrose is composed of:

answer

a molecule fo fructose and a molecule of glucose

question

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content

answer

A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrate

question

Which of the following lifestyle changes would be most likely to decrease the risk of GERD, or heartburn?

answer

eat smaller meals and snacks in between

question

Which of the following is true about the rate of stomach emptying? Which of the following is true about the rate of stomach emptying?

answer

fat remains in stomach longest

question

In order to facilitate the movement of chyme through the small intestine the body utilizes:

answer

segmentation

question

ow does the absorption of a water-soluble molecule differ from that of a fat-soluble molecule? How does the absorption of a water-soluble molecule differ from that of a fat-soluble molecule?

answer

Fat-soluble molecules such as fatty acids use simple diffusion whereas water-soluble molecules utilize osmosis.

question

Celiac Disease has a genetic link.

answer

true

question

Those with Celiac Disease have an immune response to gluten.

answer

true

question

What causes reflux?

answer

The esophageal sphincter relaxes or loosens and stomach acid leaks up into the esophagus.

question

where does digestion begin?

answer

mouth

question

How does fat intake affect our health

answer

The type of fat may be more important than total fat in reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

question

Which of the following describes the quality that fat adds to food? Which of the following describes the quality that fat adds to food?

answer

Fat imparts flavor, aroma, and texture to foods

question

What is true about saturated fatty acids?

answer

each carbon has 2 hydrogen atoms

question

What is true about omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

answer

The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in the diet is important in regulating body processes.

question

Trans fatty acid has

answer

double connection between carbon and then 2 hydrogen

question

What is true about fats in the digestive tract?

answer

Absorption of fat soluble substances is dependent on presence of dietary fat.

question

Which of the following statements is true with regard to changes in dietary fat consumption in the American diet?

answer

Consumers are eating more snack foods that increase the amount of dietary fat.

question

he majority of fat digestion occurs in the:

answer

small intestine

question

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the structure and properties of triglycerides

answer

The three fatty acids that make up a triglyceride molecule may vary in structure and physical properties

question

A drop in blood ___ stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon

answer

glucose

question

rise in blood glucose levels stimulates the ____ to secrete insulin

answer

pancreas

question

hen glucose is released into the blood, the blood glucose _____ is restored to normal levels

answer

concentration

question

Not having eaten recently or a heavy workout causes a drop in _________.

answer

blood glucose level

question

s the cells take in glucose after a meal, blood glucose levels return to normal.

answer

true

question

There are several metabolic pathways involved in the production of ATP. Which of the following is not an ATP pathway:

answer

sulfuric acid

question

The end products of aerobic metabolism are ATP, carbon dioxide (CO2) and ____

answer

H2O

question

Glycolysis is called anaerobic metabolism because ______is not required at this step.

answer

oxygen

question

Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert glucose to carbon dioxide and water and provides energy to cells in the form of _____.

answer

ATP

question

During digestion, complex carbohydrates are hydrolyzed or broken down into polysaccharides.

answer

False

question

Linkage of amino acids in a protein molecule is accomplished by:

answer

peptide bonds

question

mino acid intake during periods of stress should include:

answer

consumption of essential and conditionally essential amino acids.

question

person eats large amounts of protein sources in the diet but yet ends up with an amino acid deficiency. How could this occurrence happen?

answer

ncreased absorption of competing amino acids that use the same transport system.

question

hat is true about the protein in the modern American diet?

answer

2/3rds come from meat

question

Why is the shape of a protein important?

answer

It determines the protein's function.

question

Why must some amino acids be consumed in the diet?

answer

they cannot be synthesized by body

question

here does chemical digestion of protein begin?

answer

stomach

question

Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion?

answer

Most protein digestion takes place in the small intestine.

question

Food Allergies:

answer

are triggered by incompletely digested proteins.

question

f a lipoprotein contains more protein than lipid, the molecule is said to have a low density.

answer

false

question

The Chylomicron is the lowest in density and the largest in size of all the lipoproteins. Chylomicrons are assembled in the ________ and transport fat and cholesterol digested from food through the intestinal wall to the ____and other body tissues.

answer

intestine-liver

question

Chylomicrons are transported from the intestine via the ____ system

answer

lymphatic

question

holesterol can be returned to the___ and synthesized into ____ that is stored in the gallbladder or goes through the bile duct to the small intestine and assists in the emulsification of fat from foo

answer

liver -- bile

question

HDL cholesterol is referred to as "good cholesterol" because it can remove cholesterol that has accumulated in blood vessels. ____ HDL levels reduce the risk of _____

answer

Higher- atherosclerosis

question

ood and muscle tissue are the source of triglycerides metabolized to produce energy in the form of ATP.

answer

false

question

Triglycerides are broken down into three fatty acids and ______

answer

glycerol

question

his process of _____ removes carbons in groups of two to produce acetyl-CoA molecules and high energy electrons and occurs in the mitochondrion.

answer

beta oxidation

question

Acetyl CoA enters the Citric Acid Cycle and combines with 4 carbon oxaloacetate to form____. The citric acid cycle produces high energy electrons and CO2.

answer

citric acid

question

three carbon glycerol is converted to pyruvate and used to produce __________________

answer

a small amount of glucose

question

nlike carbohydrates and triglycerides, _____are not stored.

answer

amino acids and proteins

question

Amino acids can be used to synthesize proteins that the body needs to become _________ hormones, and blood.

answer

muscle, enyzmes

question

Excess amino acids can be converted into fatty acids and stored as _______ in _____tissue. This can contribute to weight gain.

answer

trygliceride--adipose

question

Deamination is the removal of the amino group NH2 and converted to the less toxic ______ molecule. This occurs in the liver.

answer

urea

question

An amino group can combine with hydrogen to form _____ which is toxic.

answer

ammonia

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