Ole Miss Nutrition – Flashcards
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How do the Dietary Guidelines for Americans address the problem of obesi
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They recommend balancing kcalories consumed with the kcalories expended in activity.
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From Figure 2.8 MyPlate, which is the best way to eat food from each section of the plate?
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starchy vegetables should be included
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If a nutrient does not have a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) then what standard can be used to arrive at a suitable nutrient intake value?
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Adequate Intake (AIs) can be used to calculate a nutrient intake value.
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The 1977 Dietary Goals for the United States were the first set of recommendations that addressed health promotion in addition to resolving nutrient deficiencies.
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True
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The correct labels for Value A, Value B and Value C respectively in this Figure showing nutrient recommendations are:
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Value A = EAR, Value B = RDA, and Value C = UL.
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Which of the following statements is true about using the MyPlate Daily Food Plan?
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Calorie needs are used to determine food group amounts.
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As long as you obtain nutrition information from an individual who has the title of "nutritionist", it is considered to be reliable and accurate.
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false
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What information would determine the validity of a nutrition claim?
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the article was peer edited
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Which one of the following is viewed as the most valuable source of nutrition information?
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registered dietician
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hich of the following is the BEST reason to include a placebo in the experimental design of a human intervention trial? hich of the following is the BEST reason to include a placebo in the experimental design of a human intervention trial
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It helps prevent the expectations of the subjects from biasing the research.
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When evaluating a nutritional study, which is the least important factor?When evaluating a nutritional study, which is the least important factor?
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how many researchers were involved in the study
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Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements? Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements?
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a pamphlet published by local food store
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Findings from epidemiological studies:
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are limited in their generalizability due to sample bias.
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Foods that contain added refined sugars contribute ______________ to the die
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empty calories
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Which monosaccharide is commonly found in ALL disaccharides?
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glucose
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Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
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glycogen
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Which type of fiber has a laxative effect by adding bulk to fecal matter as it passes, unchanged, through the
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insolluable fiber
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Which of the following best describes the effects of lactose intolerance on those who consume dairy products?
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The undigested lactose passes into the large intestine, where it draws in water, is metabolized by bacteria, producing gas and causing abdominal distension, gas, cramping, and diarrhea.
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Which one of the following foods is the most refined?
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corn flakes
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Fructose is found mostly in: Fructose is found mostly in:
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fruits and vegetables
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Sucrose is composed of:
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a molecule fo fructose and a molecule of glucose
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In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content
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A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrate
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Which of the following lifestyle changes would be most likely to decrease the risk of GERD, or heartburn?
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eat smaller meals and snacks in between
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Which of the following is true about the rate of stomach emptying? Which of the following is true about the rate of stomach emptying?
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fat remains in stomach longest
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In order to facilitate the movement of chyme through the small intestine the body utilizes:
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segmentation
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ow does the absorption of a water-soluble molecule differ from that of a fat-soluble molecule? How does the absorption of a water-soluble molecule differ from that of a fat-soluble molecule?
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Fat-soluble molecules such as fatty acids use simple diffusion whereas water-soluble molecules utilize osmosis.
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Celiac Disease has a genetic link.
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true
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Those with Celiac Disease have an immune response to gluten.
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true
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What causes reflux?
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The esophageal sphincter relaxes or loosens and stomach acid leaks up into the esophagus.
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where does digestion begin?
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mouth
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How does fat intake affect our health
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The type of fat may be more important than total fat in reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
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Which of the following describes the quality that fat adds to food? Which of the following describes the quality that fat adds to food?
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Fat imparts flavor, aroma, and texture to foods
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What is true about saturated fatty acids?
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each carbon has 2 hydrogen atoms
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What is true about omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?
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The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in the diet is important in regulating body processes.
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Trans fatty acid has
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double connection between carbon and then 2 hydrogen
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What is true about fats in the digestive tract?
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Absorption of fat soluble substances is dependent on presence of dietary fat.
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Which of the following statements is true with regard to changes in dietary fat consumption in the American diet?
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Consumers are eating more snack foods that increase the amount of dietary fat.
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he majority of fat digestion occurs in the:
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small intestine
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Which of the following statements is true with regard to the structure and properties of triglycerides
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The three fatty acids that make up a triglyceride molecule may vary in structure and physical properties
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A drop in blood ___ stimulates the pancreas to secrete glucagon
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glucose
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rise in blood glucose levels stimulates the ____ to secrete insulin
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pancreas
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hen glucose is released into the blood, the blood glucose _____ is restored to normal levels
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concentration
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Not having eaten recently or a heavy workout causes a drop in _________.
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blood glucose level
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s the cells take in glucose after a meal, blood glucose levels return to normal.
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true
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There are several metabolic pathways involved in the production of ATP. Which of the following is not an ATP pathway:
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sulfuric acid
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The end products of aerobic metabolism are ATP, carbon dioxide (CO2) and ____
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H2O
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Glycolysis is called anaerobic metabolism because ______is not required at this step.
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oxygen
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Cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert glucose to carbon dioxide and water and provides energy to cells in the form of _____.
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ATP
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During digestion, complex carbohydrates are hydrolyzed or broken down into polysaccharides.
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False
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Linkage of amino acids in a protein molecule is accomplished by:
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peptide bonds
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mino acid intake during periods of stress should include:
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consumption of essential and conditionally essential amino acids.
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person eats large amounts of protein sources in the diet but yet ends up with an amino acid deficiency. How could this occurrence happen?
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ncreased absorption of competing amino acids that use the same transport system.
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hat is true about the protein in the modern American diet?
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2/3rds come from meat
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Why is the shape of a protein important?
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It determines the protein's function.
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Why must some amino acids be consumed in the diet?
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they cannot be synthesized by body
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here does chemical digestion of protein begin?
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stomach
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Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion?
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Most protein digestion takes place in the small intestine.
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Food Allergies:
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are triggered by incompletely digested proteins.
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f a lipoprotein contains more protein than lipid, the molecule is said to have a low density.
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false
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The Chylomicron is the lowest in density and the largest in size of all the lipoproteins. Chylomicrons are assembled in the ________ and transport fat and cholesterol digested from food through the intestinal wall to the ____and other body tissues.
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intestine-liver
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Chylomicrons are transported from the intestine via the ____ system
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lymphatic
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holesterol can be returned to the___ and synthesized into ____ that is stored in the gallbladder or goes through the bile duct to the small intestine and assists in the emulsification of fat from foo
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liver -- bile
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HDL cholesterol is referred to as "good cholesterol" because it can remove cholesterol that has accumulated in blood vessels. ____ HDL levels reduce the risk of _____
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Higher- atherosclerosis
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ood and muscle tissue are the source of triglycerides metabolized to produce energy in the form of ATP.
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false
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Triglycerides are broken down into three fatty acids and ______
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glycerol
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his process of _____ removes carbons in groups of two to produce acetyl-CoA molecules and high energy electrons and occurs in the mitochondrion.
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beta oxidation
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Acetyl CoA enters the Citric Acid Cycle and combines with 4 carbon oxaloacetate to form____. The citric acid cycle produces high energy electrons and CO2.
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citric acid
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three carbon glycerol is converted to pyruvate and used to produce __________________
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a small amount of glucose
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nlike carbohydrates and triglycerides, _____are not stored.
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amino acids and proteins
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Amino acids can be used to synthesize proteins that the body needs to become _________ hormones, and blood.
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muscle, enyzmes
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Excess amino acids can be converted into fatty acids and stored as _______ in _____tissue. This can contribute to weight gain.
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trygliceride--adipose
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Deamination is the removal of the amino group NH2 and converted to the less toxic ______ molecule. This occurs in the liver.
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urea
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An amino group can combine with hydrogen to form _____ which is toxic.
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ammonia
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