Flashcards and Answers – Nutrition Final

Flashcard maker : Owen Clarke
One of your friends is taking a weight-loss supplement containing ephedra. Such supplements are FDA-recommended for individuals trying to lose up to 10 pounds. True or False?
False
Which eating disorder is characterized by self-imposed starvation?
Anorexia nervosa
“Cellulite” is
subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance.
A healthy percentage of body fat for women is
23(–)30%.
A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal
3500
A person’s risk of _____ increases as his or her BMI approaches or exceeds the obese range.
type 2 diabetes
A person’s _____ does not influence the amount of energy he or she uses while performing physical activity.
ethnic ancestry
According to the “set point theory,” a person’s
Body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.
Basal metabolism accounts for approximately ______ of a person’s total daily energy use.
50(–)70%
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for
breathing.
Bill is a 5′ 9′′, 40-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he’s tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. Bill’s physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help Bill lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.
gastric bypass
Candice currently consumes about 2800 kcal/day. To lose 1 pound of weight in a week, she would need to consume _____ kcal/day.
2300
Chester’s BMI is 35.3. According to his food records, he consumes an average of 3600 kcal/day. He would like to lose 4 pounds in 4 weeks by reducing his caloric intake. Based on this information, Chester should consume an average of _____ kcal/day.
3100
Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should
add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil.
During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Andrew’s teeth has eroded, and the some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Andrew
frequently makes himself vomit after purging.
_____ is the primary function of white adipose cells.
Storing fat
_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time.
Bariatric surgery
_____ is a surgical technique that removes localized pockets of fat tissue.
Liposuction
_____ enhances the action of insulin in the body.
Chromium
The _____ is based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.
body mass index
_____ refers to the ability of a person to perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities without becoming excessively fatigued.
Physical fitness
Which of the following activities is an example of an aerobic activity?
None of these choices are correct.
_____ is the process in which glucose is converted into pyruvate.
Glycolysis
Cells capture energy in the form of
ATP.
Gabby has been running at a moderate intensity for 25 minutes. What is her primary fuel source at this time?
Fatty acids
Muscle fatigue may result from _____ accumulation in working muscles.
H+
Which of the following actions is the best way to increase your aerobic capacity?
Gradually increase the intensity of your workout.
Recommended pre-event meals should be
low-fat.
Which of the following athletes will benefit most from carbohydrate loading?
marathon runner
An athlete who consumes more protein than the body actually needs, or uses, will store that excess protein as
fat
_____ is the most dangerous form of heat illness.
Heatstroke
Which of the following physical complaints is a symptom/sign of heat exhaustion?
All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following dietary supplements has been scientifically shown to enhance performance of sprinters and weightlifters?
creatine
Which of the following beverages supplies the most caffeine per serving?
16 oz Starbucks Coffee Grande
What is the main goal of the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans?
To provide physical activity recommendations to help Americans reduce the risk of developing a chronic disease
An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program
gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities.
Compared to non-athletes, athletes generally need more
energy
Excess fluid consumption can result in a condition called
water intoxication.
adenosine triphosphate
A special molecule that stores energy for use in muscular activity is?
anaerobic
conditions that lack free oxygen
lactic acid
Produced in muscle cells from the reduction of pyruvate (under anaerobic conditions) to regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. A rise in lactic acid usually accompanies an increase in physical activity.
ergogenic aids
foods, devices, dietary supplements, or drugs used to improve physical performance.
Most pathogenic microbes that cause food-borne illness are likely to multiply rapidly when the temperature is
between 40 and 140 degrees F.
A food’s odor is the best way to determine if it is safe to eat. True or False?
False
Fungi
include mold, yeast, and mushrooms.
In the United States, which of the following federal agencies enforces food safety laws for domestic and imported meat products?
Department of Agriculture
In the United States, local health departments are responsible for inspecting restaurants and grocery stores to ensure they meet food safety standards. True or False?
True
Meat should be cooked until the internal temperature reaches at least _____ in order to kill microorganisms that could be harmful to a person’s health.
165 degrees Fahrenheit
In 2009 over 2000 different products containing peanuts were removed from store shelves because of the potential for?
Salmonella.
Hands should be washed with hot and soapy water for at least ____ seconds before and after touching food.
20
Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he
marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken and uses the marinade to make a dipping sauce for the chicken.
On her last camping trip, Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake. Two days later, she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Based on this information, Jenny probably is infected with
Giardia.
An undercooked hamburger patty is the most likely source of
E. coli O157:H7.
Freezing a food kills any pathogenic bacteria it may contain. True or False?
False
After a meal, the leftovers should be refrigerated or frozen within _____ hours.
2
E. coli O157:H7 is a type of
bacteria.
Franco made dinner for his roommates. The meal included a baked cut-up chicken, fruit salad, and stir-fried rice with mixed vegetables. About 8 hours after eating dinner, Franco and his roommates experienced nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and diarrhea. Based on this information, Franco probably
did not wash the knife that he used to cut up the chicken before using it to cut up the fruit.
Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly.
20
_____ is a type of parasitic worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked pork, bear, or seal meat.
Trichinella
_____ are poisonous substances produced by certain molds that can cause liver damage and death.
Aflatoxins
_______ are simple, single-celled microorganisms.
bacteria
During the first eight weeks after conception, a developing human being is a (an)
embryo
The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother to her embryo/fetus.
placenta
Which of the following conditions increases a woman’s risk of preterm birth?
All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following suggestions is often given to pregnant women to control morning sickness?
avoid foods with strong odors
_____ is swelling of the hands and feet that often occurs during pregnancy and is not considered serious.
Edema
A pregnant woman’s requirement for _____ is significantly higher than her non-pregnant needs.
folate
Gestational diabetes
increases the pregnant woman’s risk of type 2 diabetes later in life.
At birth, Erika is a healthy baby who weighs 8 pounds. Assuming her growth rate is normal, Erika’s parents can expect their daughter to weigh about _____ by her first birthday.
24lbs
Which of the following statements is true?
Colostrum contains immune system cells and antibodies.
Compared to infant formulas, breast milk
None of these choices are correct
Which of the following nutrients is added to some infant formulas to prevent a common type of anemia?
iron
According to AAP experts, infants should be offered solid foods when they are _____ of age.
6 months
Which of the following foods is an appropriate nutrient-dense snack for a healthy preschooler?
All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following foods is most likely to cause an allergic reaction in a child?
peanuts
School-age children should engage in at least _____ minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity daily, most days of the week.
60
Most adolescent boys begin their major growth spurt when they are _____ years of age.
12(–)15
_____ refers to declining organ functioning and increased vulnerability to disease that occurs after a person reaches physical maturity.
Senescence
Which of the following nutrients is most likely to be deficient in an older adult?
B-12
Dietitians generally do not recommend that older adults ____ to improve their health.
take DHEA and megadoses of vitamins and antioxidants
What is the goal of “Let’s Move!,” a national program introduced by First Lady Michelle Obama in 2010?
To reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity
A “healthy” body mass index is
18.5(–)24.9.
Adipose cells
All of these choices are correct.
_____ fat cells use fat for generating heat.
Brown
BMI
does not account for body composition, particularly the weight of muscle tissue
Which of the following techniques uses special calipers to ascertain a person’s percentage of body fat?
skinfold thickness measurements
Samantha’s BMI is 26.6, which is in the _____ range.
overweight
Excess body fat increases the risk of
CVD, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.
Which type of body fat distribution is more likely to contribute to heart disease and type 2 diabetes?
central body obesity
Which of the following factors increase a person’s basal metabolic rate?
None of these choices are correct.
_____ is the energy the body uses to digest, absorb, and process the nutrients in foods and beverages.
Thermic effect of food
Which form of energy expenditure can be altered most easily and safely?
energy for physical activity
Which of the following hormones is secreted by adipose cells to reduce hunger and inhibit fat storage in the body?
leptin
According to American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines, healthy Americans under 65 years of age should engage in ______ minutes of moderate intensity physical activity, five days a week.
30
Which of the following medical procedures involves stapling across the upper part of the patient’s stomach to create a small pouch?
Rou-en-Y gastric bypass
Although Chloe’s BMI is 17.3, she complains about being “too fat” and is a picky eater. She exercises excessively and wears layers of clothing, even in warm weather. Based on this information, she is probably suffering from
anorexia nervosa.
Which of the following characteristics is not a major risk factor for eating disorders?
being male
Night eating syndrome ______________.
All of the above.
Which weight loss drug has been approved by the FDA and can improve weight loss when combined with calorie restriction and exercise?
Orlistat
_________ is a condition characterized by low energy intakes, abnormal menstrual cycles, and bone mineral irregularities.
Female athlete triad
Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they
lose the extrusion reflex.
Preschool children who _____ have a high risk of obesity.
None of these is correct.
To reduce the risk of baby bottle caries, infants should be given
only water in a baby bottle at bedtime.
Depression in older adults often leads to weight loss and nutrient deficiencies. True or False?
True
Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains
folic acid.
In the United States, the diets of many school-age children supply too much
sodium.
Lucinda is a healthy, physically active young woman whose energy requirement is 2750 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?
2750 kcal
Human milk is a rich source of
linoleic acid.
Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to
skip breakfast.
To encourage healthy eating practices among children, caregivers should
have youngsters help select and prepare new foods.
Corrina is a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant
folate
Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.
secretion of intrinsic factor
Anna would like to offer a high-fiber, nutrient-dense snack to her healthy 4-year-old son. Based on this information, she should serve
a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges.
Cindy is pregnant with her first baby. Recently, she began to eat clay from a whole that she dug in her yard. Cindy’s behavior is an example of
pica.
According to scientific research involving animals, _____ can extend one’s life.
None of these is correct.
During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed
eclampsia.
A low-birth weight newborn weighs less than _____ pounds.
5.5
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