question

The foodborne infection that is most commonly a result of eating contaminated eggs or poultry is:

answer

Salmonellosis

question

To reduce your intake of pesticide residues you would:

answer

trim fat from meat/ or discard the outer layers of cabbage.

question

Characteristics of the artificial fat olestra include:

answer

it passes through the digestive tract unabsorbed; it is fortified with vitamin E; a and b

question

Numerous health organizations have concluded that irradiation of food is safe and can improve food safety in the United States and the world.

answer

True

question

What can be said about fresh produce and foodborne illness?

answer

produce grown close to the ground may be irrigated with contaminated water

question

Those individuals purchasing organic foods are urged to:

answer

wash raw produce vigorously/ or cook the food properly.

question

A food manufacturer is packaging a new food product that is susceptible to mold and bacterial growth. The food additive he most likely would use to protect the food is:

answer

acetic acid

question

Results of commercial drying of foods include:

answer

it eliminates microbial spoilage, it eliminates the water in foods; a and b

question

The FDA has identified genetic modification of foods as the area of least concern in our food supply.

answer

True

question

One difference between toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum in foods is that:

answer

Staph toxins are heat stable and survive cooking.

question

What is a beneficial reason for purchasing organic fresh fruits and vegetables rather than conventionally grown foods?

answer

growing methods used down harm the environment

question

A person eating in an Asian restaurant has just finished a meal and immediately experiences the symptoms of burning and flushing of the skin and a headache. What ingredient added to the foods may have brought about this reaction?

answer

monosodium glutamate

question

What of the following artificial sweeteners is made from sucrose?

answer

sucralose

question

The potato salad you brought to the picnic potluck in the park has been sitting out for 4 hours during the meal on a hot sunny day. What should you do with the leftover servings once the meal is finished?

answer

throw away the leftovers because they have been at an unsafe temperature too long

question

Which of the following should not be used to thaw frozen meats?

answer

defrosting at room temperature, defrosting in a bath of warm water; b and c

question

The extruding process is based on:

answer

grinding, temperature; b and c

question

Supporters of genetic engineering for foods state the following as a benefit:

answer

plants and animals can be engineered to contain higher levels of certain vitamins and minerals, plants can be engineered to provide vaccines and immunizations against disease; a and c

question

To protect the vitamin content of fruits and vegetables, you would:

answer

select vine-ripened ones, chill immediately after picking; b and c

question

You are selecting salad ingredients for your dinner in a grocery store and see puffy sealed plastic bags containing mixed cut salad vegetables. Should you select this product?

answer

yes, because modified atmosphere packaging has been used

question

One purpose of genetic engineering is to:

answer

make crops resistant to diseases

question

The large ears of sweet corn available today are the result of:

answer

selective breeding

question

Which of the following is(are) the best known and most widely used antimicrobial agents?

answer

salt, sugar; a and c

question

For which of the following additives are only 10 of the original list of 80 still approved for use?

answer

artificial colors

question

Which of the following groups should avoid all uncooked or undercooked eggs?

answer

the elderly, those who suffer immune dysfunction; a and c

question

If you are preparing a potato for dinner and see a player of green just under the skin, you should:

answer

peel off the green layer and cook the potato

question

The difference between foodborne infection and foodborne intoxication is that:

answer

foodborne intoxication results from chemicals produced by microbes

question

Which of the following is the most susceptible to bacterial contamination?

answer

ground meat

question

To minimize the loss of water-soluble vitamins from vegetables you would:

answer

microwave them, steam them over water: a and c

question

The agency charged with the responsibility of deciding what additives shall be in foods is the:

answer

Food and Drug Administration

question

To be sure that your home-canned food does not contain the botulinum toxin you would:

answer

follow proper canning techniques, boil the canned food for 10 minutes; a and b

question

To avoid cross-contamination of foods:

answer

it is good to practice to keep a separate cutting board just for raw meats.

question

What irradiation is used to protect foods from contamination, what happens to the quality of those foods?

answer

vitamin loss is minimal and comparable to that of other food processing methods

question

Which of the following is not used as an antioxidant in foods?

answer

vitamin A

question

Losses of which of the following vitamins are least likely during the canning process?

answer

vitamin A

question

Current evidence indicates that moderate intakes of artificial sweeteners pose no health risks.

answer

True

question

To control the safety of additives in foods the FDA has rules manufacturers most follow, which include:

answer

submitting proof that a new additive is safe after numerous tests

question

Monosodium glutamate:

answer

is used widely in Asian restaurants, is an example of a flavor enhancer; a and b

question

Water-soluble vitamins and minerals are affected by canning.

answer

True

question

The proper way to wash hands when handling foods is to:

answer

wash hands with soap and warm water for 15 seconds

question

Opponents of genetic engineering make the following argument:

answer

consumers cannot remove GE pesticides that form within the tissue of the plant

question

If pesticides have been used on fresh fruits and vegetables, what do you know about the safety of those foods?

answer

most pesticides can be removed by thoroughly washing the foods

question

Organic foods reduce harm to the environment because they are produced by sustainable agriculture methods such as:

answer

raising animals in natural surroundings with access to the outdoors

question

When irradiation is used to protect foods from contamination, what happens to the quality of those foods?

answer

vitamin loss is mineral and comparable to that of other food processing methods

question

Characteristics of foods that have undergone extrusion include:

answer

they usually have had colors added to them, they have undergone considerable nutrient losses; a and c

question

Several hours after eating a chilled three-bean salad containing home-canned green beans, family members have difficulty breathing and swallowing, double vision, and muscle weakness. What should they do?

answer

go to the hospital immediately because they have botulism

question

BHT protects fruits and vegetables from browning caused by exposure to oxygen.

answer

True

question

To avoid poisoning by toxins you would

answer

consume a variety of foods, eat all foods in moderation; a and c

question

Regulations for the production of certified organic foods specify that:

answer

plant foods must be produced without the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, producers must submit to USDA inspections; a and c

question

Frozen foods' nutrient content is similar to that of:

answer

fresh foods

question

Which of the following is (are) not required to bear a label stating that they have been irradiated?

answer

spices mixed with processed foods

question

When comparisons are made between organic, conventional, and genetic engineering methods of growing foods, one of the main differences is that:

answer

genetic engineering can be used to increase nutrient content

question

To prevent foodborne illness you would:

answer

use a meat thermometer to roast a whole chicken, cook hamburgers to well-done, a and b

question

The word organic on the label is no guarantee that a food is:

answer

completely pesticide-free

question

Billy loves to eat raw seafood and does so frequently. As a result, Billy runs the risk of suffering from:

answer

hepatitis, worms; a and c

question

There has been concern for many years about the safety of artificial sweeteners and their use in the diet. How would you respond to someone who asks about this?

answer

current evidence shows that moderate intakes of artificial sweeteners pose no health risks in adults

question

The use of selective breeding in human agriculture:

answer

can involve analysis of DNA from successful seedlings

question

To prevent serious illness from consuming oysters you would:

answer

eat them fully cooked and not raw

question

Which of the following is (are) not intentionally used in or on foods?

answer

contaminants

question

Your family has the tradition of leaving the Thanksgiving turkey on the dinner table for everyone to snack on as they please in the evening after the big mid-day meal has been finished. This year several family members wake up the next day with vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. Which foodborne contaminant was the most likely culprit?

answer

Salmonella bacteria

question

Nitrites are commonly found in:

answer

hot dogs, ham; a and b

question

Which of the following would be least likely to lose any vitamin C during the freezing process?

answer

strawberries

question

Which of the following synthetic sweeteners should not be given to individuals with phenylketonuria?

answer

aspartame

question

How does modified atmosphere packaging protect foods?

answer

it excludes oxygen needed by many bacteria

question

Which of the following statements about the "Core Four" practices for sanitation is accurate?

answer

foods should be kept out of the food danger zone of 40°-140°F

question

Only _____ synthetic color additives are still approved by the FDA for use in foods.

answer

10

question

The best way to keep chilled foods safe is to:

answer

refrigerate them immediately after getting home from the grocery store

question

Nitrites are added to foods to:

answer

a and b inhibit rancidity and preserve their color

question

To control the safety of additives in foods the FDA has rules manufacturers must follow, which include:

answer

submitting proof that a new additive is safe after numerous tests

question

is planning a trip to Mexico and wants to practice food safety while traveling. You would tell Joe to

answer

avoid salads

question

After cooking, foods should be held at _____° F or higher until served.

answer

140

question

Which of the following would lose the most thiamin?

answer

canned foods

question

Which of the following statements is true concerning the GRAS list?

answer

a and b It includes a list of additives believed to be safe and It stands for "generally recognized as safe."

question

Sulfite additives added during the drying of fruits results in:

answer

a and c prevention of browning and destruction of thiamin.

question

Which of the following foods would you not choose for a picnic?

answer

mixed salad of chopped ingredients

question

A person choosing a food that contains sulfites should not count on that food to provide a share of the daily need for:

answer

thiamin.

question

tolerance limit

answer

the maximum amount of a residue permitted in a food when a pesticide is used according to label directions

question

growth hormone

answer

a hormone (somatotropin) that promotes growth and that is produced naturally in the pituitary gland of the brain

question

botulism

answer

an often-fatal food poisoning caused by botulinum toxin, a toxin produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacterium that grows without oxygen in non-acidic canned foods

question

biotechnology

answer

the science that manipulates biological systems or organisms to modify their products or components or create new products

question

hazard

answer

a state of danger; used to refer to any circumstance in which harm is possible under normal conditions of use

question

bovine somatotropin

answer

Please select the best answer for each statement. Each answer is to be used only once.

question

enterotoxins

answer

poisons that act upon mucous membranes, such as those of the digestive tract

question

food-borne illness

answer

illness transmitted to human beings through food and water; caused by a poisonous substance (food intoxication) or an infectious agent (food borne infection). Also called food poisoning.

question

bioaccumulation

answer

the accumulation of a contaminant in the tissues of living things at a higher and higher concentration along the food chain

question

heavy metal

answer

any of a number of mineral ions such as mercury and lead; so called because they are of relatively high atomic weight. Many heavy metals are poisonous.

question

hazard analysis critical control point

answer

a systematic plan to identify and correct potential microbial hazards in the manufacturing, distribution, and commercial use of food products.

question

milk

answer

Store in a cardboard or opaque plastic container to protect riboflavin

question

apples

answer

Chill immediatly after picking and keep cold unitl used

question

cut orange

answer

Cover with airtight wrapper and store in refrigerator

question

potatoes

answer

Cut after washing; add to water that is vigorously boiling

question

artificial flavor

answer

The food additive MSG is an example of

question

antioxidant

answer

The food additive sulfite is an example of

question

artificial color

answer

The food additive tartrazine is an example of

question

The food additive iodine is an example of:

answer

nutrient additive

question

neurotoxins

answer

poisons that act upon the cells of the nervous system

question

organic halogen

answer

an organic compound containing one or more atoms of a halogen-fluorine, chlorine, iodine, or bromine.

question

pasteurization

answer

the treatment of milk with heat sufficient to kill certain germs.

question

human somatotropin

answer

human growth hormone.

question

Food additives used in the U.S. are strictly controlled and pose little cause for concern.

answer

True

question

All varieties of sushi are made from raw fish.

answer

False

question

Incidental food additives sometimes find their way into foods, and adverse effects are common.

answer

False

question

Properly irradiated food does not become radioactive.

answer

True

question

Which of the following hazards in our food supply is of most concern according to the Food and Drug Administration?

answer

microbial foodborne illness

question

Which of the following causes cancer in animals?

answer

nitrosamines

question

Which of the following is most susceptible to bacterial contamination?

answer

ground meat

question

Which of the following terms on a food label does not have a specific meaning defined by labeling regulations?

answer

free-range

question

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defenses considerably.

answer

True

question

CVD is a man's disease.

answer

False

question

Thirty minutes of light, balanced exercise, performed at intervals throughout the day, can improve the odds against heart disease.

answer

True

question

Excess calories from carbohydrates, protein, and fat all raise cancer rates.

answer

True

question

The risk of cancer rises with BMI

answer

True

question

Today's meals are most often influenced by:

answer

which foods are readily available., which foods are easiest to prepare. (a,b)

question

For someone trying to make healthier choices when purchasing pre-packaged convenience foods to use at home, which would be the best choice?

answer

bagged cut salad greens

question

Recommendations to help a family on a minimum wage income purchase low-cost, nutritious food include:

answer

watching weekly grocery ads for fruit and vegetable specials.

question

Which of the following must be given careful attention when feeding the person with AIDS?

answer

food safety

question

Effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the body's defense system include:

answer

the skin becomes thinner with less connective tissue / or antibody secretions and immune cell number are reduced.

question

According to the DRI Committee, the percentage of calories from fat in the diet should be no more than _____ percent.

answer

35

question

Which of the following raises HDL concentration?

answer

moderate alcohol intake , physical intake (a,c)

question

All of the following dietary factors are protective against CVD except

answer

insoluble fiber

question

Resting blood pressure should ideally be _____ or lower.

answer

120 over 80

question

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of hypertension?

answer

age, genes (a,c)

question

Salt-sensitive individuals are likely to include:

answer

African Americans., those who have diabetes.

question

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to cervical and colon cancer?

answer

folate

question

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, saturated fat in the diet should account for no more than _____ percent of calories.

answer

7

question

A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which of the following dietary changes might help?

answer

remove the salt shaker from the table

question

Infectious Diseases

answer

caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, et al microrganisims transmission thru water, food, or vector organisim

question

How does nutrition influence disease prevention

answer

only strengthens or weakens body defenses against disease does not directly prevent disease

question

Which type of disease is more prevalent in the US and Canada? Chronic or Infectious

answer

Chronic

question

Another name for chronic disease

answer

lifestyle/ degenerative disease disease of old age

question

How does a nurished immune system provide the best protection to the body

answer

lack or excess of nutrients are associated with low disease resistance Immune tissue first impaired when a nutrient is lacking or at toxic levels Some deicencies cause harm to immunity quicker

question

What are factors that determine how fast nutrient deficiencies can harm immunity

answer

age the size of the deficency if other nutrients can do its work

question

Toxicity or defciencies of what nutrients impair immunity

answer

iron and zinc

question

How does protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) effect the skin

answer

Skin thins, with less connective tissue to serve as a barrier for protection of underlying tissues sensitivity reaction to antigens is delayed

question

How does protein-energy malnutrition effect the digestive tract and body lingings

answer

amounts of antibody secreations and immune cells are reduced

question

How does protein-energy malnutrion effect lymph tissues

answer

immune system organs reduced in size cells of immune defense are depleted

question

In general, how does protein-energy maluntrition effect the body

answer

invader kill time is prolonged circulating immune cells reduced immune system impaired

question

Malnutrition can be a result of what two causes

answer

lack of food disease and its treatment

question

risk factors

answer

factor known to be related to (or correlated with) disease but not proved to be its cause

question

What are the four disease risk factors categories

answer

eniromental genetics behavioral social factors

question

Many experts believe that diet accounts for this precentage of all coronary heart disease

answer

33%

question

What are two powerful predictors of disease

answer

family medical history and lab tests

question

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

answer

general term for all diseases of heart and blood vessels It's main cause is atherosclerosis

question

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

answer

the arteries that carry blood to heart become blocked

question

Atherosclerosis

answer

most common form of CVD Plaque build up along inner walls of the arteries

question

plaques

answer

lumps of lipid mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that form in artery walls in atherosclerosis

question

One of the least regenerative organs in the body

answer

heart

question

Heart attack signs that are exclusive to women

answer

nausea and/ or vomiting neck, shoulder, or ab pain unusual fatigue and/or weakness

question

Where in the arteries is plaque most prone to develop

answer

branch points

question

By what age do most people have well-developed plaques in their arteries?

answer

30 years

question

In atherosclerosis, what can happen to the artery walls after a rapid increase in blood pressure.

answer

plaque rupture

question

thrombus

answer

stationary blood clot

question

thrombosis

answer

stationary blood clot that has grown enough to close off a blood vessel

question

embolus

answer

a blood clot that has broken loose from the artery wall and travels thru the blood vessels

question

embolism

answer

a floating blood clot (embolus) that causes sudden closure of a blood vessel

question

How is blood pressure effeted by hardened and narrowed arteries formed from plaques

answer

blood pressure rises

question

aneurysm

answer

where the artery wall has weakend and balloned out from high blood pressure caused by atherosclerosis

question

What are possible known risk factors for CVD

answer

age gender genes cigarette smokin certain diseases physical inactivity

question

How is a person's age a risk factor for CVD

answer

its association with progression of atherosclerosis as people age

question

At what age does the risk for CVD raise significantly for men?

answer

45

question

At what age does the risk factor for CVD raise significantly for women

answer

55

question

In terms of blood lipid profile, what is the ratio of HDL to LDL that LOWERS risk of CVD

answer

high HDL (> or equal to 160mg/l) low LDL (< 100 mg/l)

question

In terms of blood lipid profile, what is the ratio of HDL to LDL that ELEVATES risk of CVD

answer

low HDL ( or equal to 160 mg/l)

question

What percentage of cancers are influenced by diet

answer

estimated 30-40%

question

How do constituents of the diet relate to cancer

answer

they may promote, protect, or cause cancer

question

The characteristics that enable the body to perform physical activity more broadly, ability to meet routine physical demands with enough reserve energy to rise to a physical challenge or the body's ability to withstand stress of all kinds

answer

Fitness

question

physically inactive (literally sitting down)

answer

sedentary

question

bodily movement produced by muscle contractions that substantially increase energy expenditure

answer

physical activity

question

planned, structured, and repetitive body movements that promote or maintain physical fitness

answer

exercise

question

activity in which the body's large muscles move in a rhythmic manner for a sustained period of time. Aerobic activity is also called endurance activity, improves cardiorespiratory fitness (brisk walking)

answer

aerobic physical activity

question

physical activity that requires some increase in breathing and or heat rate that expends 3.5 to 7 kcalories per minute. walking at a speed of 3-4.5 mph

answer

moderate intensity physical activity

question

physical activity that requires a large increase in breathing and or heart rate and expends more than 7kcal per minute >4.5mph

answer

Vigorous intensity physical activity

question

refers to the proportions of muscle, bone, fat and other tissue that make up a persons total body weight

answer

Body composition

question

the capacity of the joints to move through a full range of motion, the ability to bend and recover without injury

answer

flexibility

question

physical effect of training; improved flexibility, strength, and endurance

answer

conditioning

question

practicing activity regularly which leads to condition

answer

training

question

training principle that a body system in order to improve must be worked at frequencies, durations, or intensities that gradually increase physical demands

answer

progressive overload principle

question

number of occurrences per unit of time (how many times a week, 7X)

answer

frequency

question

the degree of exertion while exercising

answer

intensity

question

length of time working out

answer

duration

question

growing larger; with regard to muscles, an increase in size and strength in response to use

answer

hypertrophy

question

becoming smaller; with regard to muscles, a decrease in size and strength because of disuse, undernutrition or wasting diseases

answer

atrophy

question

5-10minutes of light activity such as easy jogging

answer

warming up

question

5-10minutes of light activity such as walking after an intense workout

answer

cool down

question

The maximum rate of oxygen consumption by an individual (measured at sea level)

answer

VO2 Max

question

improvements in heart and lung function and increases blood volume, brought about by aerobic training

answer

cardiorespiratory conditioning

question

volume of blood discharged by the heart each minute

answer

cardiac output

question

the product of force generation and movement velocity; the speed which a given amount of exertion is completed

answer

muscle power

question

The use of free weights or weight machines to provide resistance for developing muscle strength, power, endurance (weight training)

answer

resistance training

question

high energy compound in muscle cells that acts as a reservoir of energy that can maintain a steady supply of ATP, also provides energy for short bursts of activity

answer

Creatine phosphate

question

product of anerboic glycolysis

answer

Lactate

question

regimen of moderate exercise followed by the consumption of a high carbohydrate diet that enables muscles to store glycogen beyond their normal capacities

answer

carbohydrate loading

question

structures within a cell responsible for producing ATP

answer

Mitochondria

question

a transient condition of low hemoglobin in the blood, associated with the early stages of sports training or other strenuous activity

answer

Sports anemia

question

an above normal body temperature

answer

hyperthermia

question

dangerous accumulation of body heat with accompanying loss of body fluid

answer

heat stroke

question

The amount of weight lost plus fluid consumed during exercise per hour

answer

HOURLY SWEAT RATE

question

A decreased concentration of sodium in the blood.

answer

hyponatremia

question

compounds that supply glucose, not as single molecules, but linked in chains somewhat like starch.

answer

glucose polymers

question

water that is fortified with ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, protein, oxygen, or herbs (vitamin water, propel)

answer

Enhanced water

question

Tobacco use introduces oxidants into the body that can do potential harm to the body tissues. What antioxidant plays an important role in protecting sensitive blood constituents from being damaged, and so is needed in much higher amounts in people exposed to tobacco products and smoke?

answer

vitamin C

question

When determining the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce risk of chronic diseases, which of the following studies can you rely on to help make your decision?

answer

smokers taking beta-carotene supplements had an increase in lung cancer

question

People whose diets are rich in vegetables and fruits have low rates of:

answer

cancer

question

Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of hypertension than the general population.

answer

False

question

The genetic coding or expression that determines our DNA messaging for cells is:

answer

available in all cells but is idle in some cells and active in others.

question

A young man has said to you that he is eating much more protein in his diet than the recommendation but he feels he needs the extra amount just in case he wants to build more muscle mass in the near future. How would you respond to him?

answer

if he has excess calories in his diet, he may gain fat weight from converted protein

question

Poorly-planned vegetarian diets typically lack all of the following except:

answer

folate

question

What is the DRI for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 6'4" tall and weighs 180 pounds?

answer

65 grams

question

A 135-pound woman needs how much protein?

answer

49 grams/day

question

In times of energy shortage from carbohydrates or fats in foods, the body uses protein in what way?

answer

it removes the nitrogen portion and burns the remaining fragments for energy

question

A child suffering from protein deficiency has edema. This is an example of protein's role in:

answer

maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

question

The DRI for protein for healthy adults is _____ gram(s) per kilogram of body weight.

answer

0.8

question

Which of the following statements is/are true?

answer

Athletes need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.

question

An athlete consumes large amounts of meat in an effort to build extra muscle tissue. This practice does not work because:

answer

a and c

question

Why should eggs be cooked, rather than eaten raw?

answer

a and c

question

The DRI for protein depends on:

answer

body size

question

Of the following foods, which likely contains the most easily digestible protein?

answer

tuna

question

A young man who is a sedentary college student needs how much protein if he weighs 175 pounds?

answer

64 grams/day

question

Thirty minutes of brisk walking on at least 5 days a week can improve the odds against heart disease.

answer

True

question

Dietary supplements can trigger extra immune power to fend off dangerous infections.

answer

False

question

Metabolic syndrome with its cluster of factors raises the risk of CVD.

answer

True

question

Obesity is a risk for certain cancers such as colon, breast, endometrial, pancreas, and kidney cancer.

answer

True

question

Chronic diseases are the only type of diseases that afflict people in developed countries.

answer

False

question

Degenerative diseases are often referred to as chronic diseases.

answer

True

question

Constituents in foods may be cancer causing, cancer promoting, or protective against cancer.

answer

True

question

Health care providers are now able to tailor a person's treatment to prevent or minimize disease based on their identified genetic profile.

answer

True

question

All of the following are actions on the cell in formation of cancer except:

answer

all carcinogens damage or change the cell's genetic material to cause cancer. or

question

To help prevent hypertension Americans should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day.

answer

2300

question

What is the role of plaque formation in the arteries during heart disease development?

answer

it can narrow passages in arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart

question

is a 54-year-old male who is 5' 6" tall, weighs 165 pounds, and has hypertension. The single most effective dietary measure Jeff can take is to:

answer

reduce his weight

question

A 58-year-old woman with hypertension and elevated LDL blood levels is complaining that she suddenly is feeling very tired, has shortness of breath and nausea, and has neck and shoulder pain. What would you advise her to do?

answer

go with you to the emergency room because she may be having a heart attack

question

At what weight can a 165-lb. woman with hypertension who plans to lose weight first expect to see a significantly lower blood pressure value?

answer

155 pounds

question

A man is at risk of developing colon cancer because his grandfather and father died of it. Adding which of the following foods to his diet might reduce his risk?

answer

steamed broccoli

question

To minimize risks of CVD you would:

answer

choose more fruits and whole grains. or consume 1 or 2 servings of fatty fish each week or a and c

question

Alcohol alone is associated with cancers of the:

answer

a and c mouth; breast

question

Your friend's parents both have heart disease. She is considering having genetic testing done so she can see what changes she might be able to make to reduce her risk of developing it as well. What would you tell her?

answer

being forewarned will help her to make lifestyle changes to reduce her risk

question

In dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of CVD, trans-fatty acids are classified with _____ fat.

answer

saturated

question

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to esophageal and colon cancer?

answer

folate

question

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing:

answer

CVD

question

Your uncle is considering taking an herbal medicine to control his hypertension after seeing an add for a product on the Internet. What information would you give him?

answer

check to see if the herbs in the product have interactions with any drugs he is taking

question

A woman frequently has a dinner meal of grilled steak, baked potato with margarine, green peas, and a white dinner roll. Which food should be eaten less often to reduce her risk of breast cancer?

answer

grilled steak

question

The U.S. "Fruit and Veggies: More Matters" program encourages people to:

answer

b and c consume enough fruits & vegetables

question

A main difference between a person contracting an infectious disease or a chronic disease is:

answer

some infectious diseases can be cured with medications but chronic diseases cannot.

question

A college student who is on a high-protein diet for weight loss that restricts fruits and vegetables has just gotten a viral infection in her intestines that has made her ill. What might have made her more susceptible than her roommate who is eating regular meals in the cafeteria?

answer

vitamin C deficiency from no fruits and vegetables has affected white blood cell protection

question

An atherogenic diet is characterized as one that is:

answer

high in saturated fats / high in trans fats.

question

When trying to reduce the risk of heart disease, the most important risk factor to modify first is:

answer

high LDL cholesterol because of its role in plaque formation.

question

All of the following are risk factors for CVD except:

answer

diastolic blood pressure of 80.

question

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing hypertension?

answer

Jack, a 40-year-old African American male whose parents had hypertension

question

A 45-year-old man who is overweight and has several family members with heart disease is concerned about developing it. Which risk factor does he have the ability to improve or change?

answer

weight

question

You are interested in controlling your risk of developing CVD. Which of the following would you do?

answer

a and b consume high levels of complex carbohydrates and fiber; substitute fish for red meat twice a week

question

In general, studies of populations have suggested that low cancer rates correlate with:

answer

a and b high vegetable & whole grain intakes

question

Examples of cruciferous vegetables include:

answer

a and b rutabaga; bok choy

question

Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention include:

answer

a and c controlling energy intake.; increasing intake of fruits and vegetables.

question

Which is the best meal to help reduce LDL cholesterol levels in the blood?

answer

grilled salmon, wild rice, steamed broccoli, whole-wheat roll

question

According to recommendations for reducing CVD risk, the percentage of calories from saturated fat in the diet should be no more than _____ percent.

answer

7

question

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

answer

development at a later age than in men.

question

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at age:

answer

45

question

To help control blood cholesterol you would:

answer

a and b consume oats, barley, and legumes.; limit foods with trans fatty acids.

question

Which of the following would be considered a risk factor for CVD?

answer

LDL 160 mg/dL or higher

question

Which of the following is an example of the effect of certain nutrients or foods on gene expression and disease development?

answer

a and b a phytochemical found in broccoli and broccoli sprouts has been shown to reverse uncontrolled cancer cell division in laboratory studies; supplementation of folate and vitamin B12 during pregnancy has been shown to turn off the "yellow and fat" gene in pups born to laboratory mice

question

To reduce your risks of developing cancer you would:

answer

b and c have a high fruit and vegetable intake.; consume whole grains and other fiber-rich foods.

question

The epigenome on the DNA strand has the responsibility of:

answer

regulating the expression of genes by turning them on or off.

question

Jack's physician has placed him on a diet recommended to control his blood cholesterol. In order to follow this plan Jack would:

answer

a and b consume ≤ 200 mg cholesterol per day.;consume less than 7% of calories as saturated fat

question

Which of the following may offer a protective effect against colon cancer?

answer

calcium

question

Which of the following holds the key to maintaining the best possible immune system support?

answer

adequate nutrition

question

For CVD prevention, trans fat in the diet should account for less than _____ percent of calories.

answer

1

question

Laboratory studies suggest that diets high in _____ seem to promote cancer.

answer

calories

question

You have a friend with AIDS and are trying to support his nutrition status. Which of the following would you do?

answer

cook foods thoroughly and practice cleanliness

question

Which of the following is a major action involving blood pressure levels in the arteries?

answer

when the pressure is at the right level, cells receive nutrients and oxygen and release their wastes

question

Individuals with hypertension being treated with diuretics should consume foods rich in:

answer

potassium

question

Which of the following would be the best way to add more fruits and vegetables to your diet?

answer

keep a bag of baby carrots in the refrigerator for snacking

question

Which of the following would be a good suggestion for making small changes in the type of fat in your diet for better health?

answer

instead of a snack of potato chips and sour cream dip eat baked tortilla chips and salsa

question

The role of inflammation in development of atherosclerosis includes:

answer

white blood cells being sent to the site by the immune system to try to repair the damage.

question

Major actions in the arteries that lead to heart attack and stroke include:

answer

a and b formation of plaques leading to inflammation from a diet high in saturated fat.; response to arterial damage by formation of blood clots that can break loose.

question

To emphasize muscle endurance in weight training, you would combine less resistance (lighter weights) with more repetitions.

answer

true

question

To prevent hyponatremia during prolonged events, athletes should

answer

favor sports drinks over water & eat pretzels in the last half of a long event.

question

What is the intensity level of a physical activity that causes some increase in breathing, is a perceived exertion of 5 or 6, and allows you to have a conversation while doing the activity?

answer

moderate

question

As physical activity continues beyond the first few minutes, which of the following flows into the bloodstream to signal the liver and fat cells to liberate their stored energy nutrients?

answer

epinephrine

question

The most important antioxidant related to physical activity is

answer

vitamin E.

question

A person who continues exercising moderately for longer than _____ minutes begins to use less glucose and more fat for fuel

answer

20

question

Moderate use of caffeine by athletes

answer

may assist performance

question

An endurance athlete can lose _____ of fluid an hour

answer

1.5 quarts

question

The American Dietetic Association recommends _____ grams protein per kilogram of body weight each day for an endurance athlete

answer

1.2 - 1.4

question

Which of the following is an advantage of sports bars for athletes?

answer

They are easy to eat in the hours before competition

question

Which of the following enhances flexibility?

answer

stretching

question

Any meal should be finished at least _____ hours before an athletic competition

answer

3 or 4

question

Sports nutrition experts recommend that endurance athletes consume _____ percent of their energy from fat

answer

20-35

question

Which of the following is not a component of fitness

answer

balance

question

The amount of protein needed for physical activity varies depending on

answer

the amount of training in a particular exercise an athlete has had.

question

One thing to consider when attempting to increase daily physical activity for health is to:

answer

begin with an activity such as brisk walking for moderate intensity.

question

Anaerobic glucose breakdown produces a compound called _____ that accumulates in the tissues and blood

answer

lactate

question

The body's need for _____ far surpasses that for any other nutrient.

answer

water

question

Characteristics of cardiorespiratory endurance include

answer

increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery & reduced blood pressure.

question

Strategies which help endurance athletes maintain their blood glucose concentrations for as long as they can include

answer

eating a high-carbohydrate diet regularly & taking in glucose during endurance activities.

question

Weight training results in all of the following except:

answer

decreased bone density

question

Examples of aerobic physical activity include all of the following except:

answer

using weight machines

question

The role of lactate in enhancing muscle gain is to:

answer

stimulate muscle growth from resistance exercise.

question

Active people can have resting pulse rates of _____ beats per minute or lower.

answer

50

question

To consume an adequate amount of B vitamins, magnesium, and chromium an athlete should eat

answer

whole grains

question

During exercise the optimal beverage for replacing fluids is

answer

cool water.

question

Which of the following are most prone to iron deficiency?

answer

female athletes & endurance athletes

question

Progressive weight training is not associated with:

answer

reduced lean body tissue.

question

Which of the following factors does not influence how much glucose a person uses during physical activity?

answer

age of the person exercising

question

Active people do not need extra fluid in cold weather

answer

false

question

A weight lifter is taking creatine supplements to increase the power in his muscles. What benefit might he be receiving from the supplement?

answer

the supplement might result in weight gain

question

Which of the following athletes would use the least protein for fuel during exercise?

answer

Gary, who consumes a carbohydrate-rich diet

question

The best action to take to decrease your risk of cancer is to:

answer

eat a wide variety of vegetables and fruits in generous quantities every day.

question

Most athletes probably need somewhat more protein than do sedentary people.

answer

true

question

People who regularly engage in physical activity live longer on average than those who are physically inactive.

answer

true

question

Iron-deficiency anemia impairs physical performance because iron helps deliver the muscles' oxygen.

answer

true

question

Sports anemia

answer

is a normal adaptation to endurance training & is temporary

question

What would you tell a female long distance runner who is considering whether or not to begin taking an iron supplement?

answer

she needs to have medical testing of her blood iron values first to see if she needs it

question

A high school football player is eating enough protein foods in his diet to provide him with 2.5 grams per kg of his body weight. What type of benefit will he get from his high protein intake?

answer

this exceeds the recommendation for his sport so he should consider trading carbohydrate for some of the protein

question

A competitive world-class skier needs advice on fluid intake during training, competition, and recovery. What should be recommended?

answer

she should drink fluids with carbohydrate added to replenish glycogen stores

question

Your friend participates in strenuous world-class competition that lasts for four hours or more. Which of the following would you recommend to your friend?

answer

Suggest that he consume sports drinks and pretzels

question

Calculate the protein needed for a male runner weighing 152 lb who is training for an upcoming competition. He participates in sprints and hurdling races.

answer

83-117

question

An athlete takes vitamin and mineral supplements prior to competition because he believes they can enhance performance. How would you respond to this practice?

answer

The practice does not improve performance because there is not enough time for them to be combined with other appropriate parts so they can do their work.

question

Which of the following should not be used by athletes?

answer

carbonated beverages & alcohol

question

The term ergogenic

answer

implies that the product has special work-enhancing powers & is associated with supplements claimed to benefit athletes.

question

The first symptom of dehydration (besides thirst) is

answer

fatigue.

question

Which statement about the best way to schedule daily physical activity is accurate?

answer

moderate-intensity activity can be divided into smaller sessions throughout the day

question

A benefit of cardiorespiratory endurance training is that

answer

the heart muscle grows larger and stronger.

question

A benefit of resistance training is that

answer

high resistance and few repetitions will build strength.

question

Calculate how much carbohydrate an athlete who is in training for a marathon should eat within two hours after his daily workout in order to enhance his body's storage of glycogen if he weighs 175 pounds. Answer

answer

88-123 grams

question

Which of the following is a recommendation in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans for weekly physical activity?

answer

perform muscle-strengthening activities of moderate to high intensity 2 or more days a week

question

How can endurance athletes best postpone fatigue during their activity?

answer

eat glucose periodically during the event

question

The advantage for athletes of using sport drinks for fluid replacement is that

answer

they have a pleasant taste which encourages consumption.

question

A 70-year-old woman wants to begin a weight training program. What advice would you give her?

answer

it would be a good way to improve her bone density

question

A varsity sprinter is considering taking caffeine pills before his competition to help his performance. What information would you give him?

answer

he needs to be aware that sport governing bodies prohibit high doses of caffeine

question

The health benefits of being physically active include all of the following except

answer

reducing the amount of sleep needed each day

question

In the early minutes of an activity, _____ provides the majority of energy the muscles use to go into action

answer

muscle glycogen

question

The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend

answer

accumulating activities in weekly totals of at least 10-minute sessions.

question

Glycogen depletion usually occurs after about _____ hrs of vigorous activity / exercise.

answer

2

question

Which of the following nutrients is important for athletes because it is needed for the formation of collagen

answer

vitamin C

question

Researchers measure cardiovascular fitness with VO2 max, which will:

answer

increase as fitness improves and blood is pumped more efficiently.

question

A female athlete weighs 120 pounds before a race and 115 pounds after the race. How much fluid should she consume?

answer

10 cups

question

What is the best way for athletes to ensure they have adequate sodium levels in their bodies?

answer

do not restrict salty foods in the days before competition

question

Protein is needed by the body to support an exercise program because of its role

answer

repairing muscle tissue after exercise.

question

What is recommended for replacing fuels that have been used during exercise?

answer

eat a high-carbohydrate meal within two hours after exercise

question

You have been following a fitness program for several weeks and your resting pulse has gone from 70 to 58. What can you state about your progress?

answer

you are making good progress and should continue so the pulse goes lower

question

Carbonated beverages are not a good choice for meeting an athlete's fluid needs because they

answer

make a person feel full quickly and may limit fluid intake.

question

Athletes will use complete meal replacers to prepare for competition because

answer

they may benefit an athlete with a nervous stomach before an event

question

When designing a fitness routine that is intended to help muscles gain strength and size, what must you consider?

answer

muscles need a day or two of rest to refuel and repair

question

Which of the following would not be appropriate as part of a pregame meal?

answer

high-fiber cereal with low-fat milk

question

Sports drinks offer some advantages over water for athletes who

answer

need to replenish electrolytes.

question

Muscles respond to the overload of exercise by gaining

answer

strength & size

question

Calculate the calories needed from fat each day for a triathlete who requires 4500 calories a day.

answer

900 - 1575

question

Why would you tell someone not to drink alcohol before engaging in an athletic event?

answer

because it is a diuretic & because it impairs temperature regulation

question

How many grams of carbohydrate would an athlete need to consume to ensure full glycogen and other nutrient stores and to meet energy needs if he consumes 2800 calories?

answer

490 grams

question

Recommendations have been established for moderate physical activity because:

answer

physically active people live longer than those who are inactive.

question

Which of the following is the best fluid for an athlete working out in a cold climate?

answer

room temp water

question

An athlete is in the early weeks of an aerobic training program and develops a decrease in hemoglobin concentration. Which of the following is true?

answer

The condition is called sports anemia & It goes away by itself.

question

For athletic performance, the diet should consist of all of the following except

answer

supplements high in protein

question

Which of the following is among the most dangerous and illegal ergogenic practices?

answer

anabolic steroid hormones

question

Calculate the recommended daily protein intake for a female marathon runner weighing 126 pounds.

answer

69 - 80 g

question

Which of the following is characteristic of candy bars and specialty drinks marketed to athletes?

answer

They provide extra food energy & They can be useful as a pregame meal.

question

Which of the following statements regarding carnitine is true?

answer

It is a nonessential nutrient.

question

Muscle growth is stimulated by:

answer

physically demanding activity.

question

Water balance is governed by the__

answer

Kidneys and brain

question

Water intoxication cannot occur because water is so easily excreted by the body

answer

false.

question

Water from public water systems

answer

is disinfected to kill most microorganisms.

question

On average, young men in the United States obtain __percent of their calories from beverages.

answer

22

question

Whether from the tap or from a bottle , all water comes from the sames sources

answer

True

question

To temporarily increase the body' s water content, a person need only

answer

consume extra salt.

question

Vomiting or diarrea

answer

a . causes fluid to be pulled from between the cells in every part of the body. b. causes fluid to leave the cell interiors c. causes kidneys to raise the sodium concentration outside the cells. all of the above....

question

Which two minerals are the major constituents of bone?

answer

phosphorus and calcium.

question

Magnesium

answer

a. assist in the operation of enzymes. b. is needed for the release and use of the energy. c. is critical to normal heart function All of the above..

question

After about 50 years of age, bones begin to lose density

answer

false. after about age 30, the bones begin to lose density

question

The best way to control salt intake is to cut down on processed and fast foods

answer

true.

question

The top food source of zinc include

answer

shellfish.

question

A deficiency of which mineral is leading cause of mental retardation worldwide?

answer

Iodine.

question

Which of these mineral supplements can easily cause accidental poisoning in children?

answer

Iron

question

The most abundant mineral in the body is iron

answer

False. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body.

question

The academy of nutrition and Dietetics recommends fluoride- free water for the U.S. population

answer

False. The academy of nutrition and Dietetics among others recommends the consumption of fluoridated water

question

Dairy foods such as butter,cream, and cream cheese are good sources of calcium, whereas vegetables such as broccoli are poor sources.

answer

False. Butter, cream, and cream cheese contain negligible calcium, being, being almost pure fat. some vegetables,such as broccoli, are good sources of available calcium.

question

Children who don't drink milk often have lower bone density than milk-drinkers.

answer

True

question

Trabecular bone readily gives up its minerals whenever blood calcium needs replenishing.

answer

True

question

Too litle ___ in the diet is associated with osteoporosis

answer

Protein

question

All of the following are health risks associated with excessive body fat except____-

answer

low blood lipids.

question

Today, an estimated 68 percent of the adults in the United States are overweight or obese

answer

True

question

Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct?

answer

The more thyroxine produced, the higher the BMR

question

The BMI standar is an excellent tool for evaluating in the athletes and the elderly

answer

False ; The BMI arae unsuitable for use whit athletes and adults over age 65.

question

The termic affect of food plays a major role in energy expenditure

answer

False; The thermic effect of food is believed to have negligible effects on total energy expenditure.

question

Body fat can be assessed by which of the following techniques?

answer

dual energy X- ray absorptiometry

question

BMI is of limited value for

answer

a. athletes b. pregnant and lactating women c. adults older than age 65 All of the above

question

The appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin is made by the

answer

stomach

question

When the brain receives signals that enough food has been eaten, this is called

answer

satiation

question

According to genomic researchers , a single inherited gene is the probable cause of common obesity

answer

False ; Genomic researchers have identified multiple genes likely to play roles in obesity development but have not so far identified a single genetic cause of common obesity.

question

In many people, any kind of stress can cause overeating and weight gain.

answer

True

question

A built environment can support physical activity with

answer

a. safe biking and walking lanes b. public parks c free exercise facilities all of the above.

question

Which of the following is physical consequence of fasting?

answer

loss of lean body tissues

question

The nervous system cannot use fat as fuel

answer

true

question

A diet too low in carbohydrate brings about responses that are similar to fasting

answer

true

question

Efforts in all of the following realms are necessary for weight change

answer

eating patterns, physical activity, and behavior modification.

question

The number of calories to cut from the diet to produce weight loss should be based on

answer

The person's BMI

question

Most people who successfully maintain weight loss do all of the following except

answer

Obtain at least some guidance from popular diet books

question

Adolescents are likely to grow out early disordered eating behaviors by young adulthood

answer

false ;disordered eating behaviors in early life ser a pattern that likely continues into young adulthood.

question

All of the following are potential benefits of regular physical activity except

answer

lower risk of sickle - cell anemia.

question

The length of time a person must spend exercising in order to meet the physical Activity Guidelines for Americans varies by

answer

exercise intensity

question

Weight-bearing activity that improves muscle strength and endurance has no effect on maintaining bone

answer

False. Weight- bearing exercise that improves muscle strength and endurance also helps maximize and mantain bone mass.

question

To overload a muscle is never productive

answer

False ; Muscle cells and tissues respond to a physical activity overload by altering the structures and metabolic equipment needed to perform the work

question

which of the following provides most of the energy the muscles use in the early minutes of activity?

answer

glycogen

question

Which diet has been show to increase an athlete's endurance?

answer

high- carbohydrate diet

question

A person who exercises moderately for longer than 20 minutes begins to____

answer

uses less glucose and more fat for fuel.

question

Aerobically trained muscles burn fat more readily than untrained muscles.

answer

True

question

Which is required as part of myoglobin?

answer

iron

question

All of the following statements concerning beer are correct except______

answer

beer gets most of its calories from carbohydrates

question

Research does not support the idea that athletes need supplement of vitamins to enhance their performance

answer

True

question

An athlete should drink extra fluidds in the last few days of training before an event in order to ensure proper hydratation

answer

True

question

To prevent both muscle cramps and hyponatremia endurance athletes who compete and sweat heavily for four or more hours need to

answer

remplace sodium during the event

question

athletes should avoid frequent between-meal snacks

answer

false : frequent nutritious between-meal snacks can help to maintain body weight

question

added sugars can be useful in meeting the high carbohydrate needs of ome athletes.

answer

true

question

An athletes pregame meals should be

answer

low fat moderate in protein

question

These foods should form the bulk of the pregame meal

answer

breads,potatoes, pasta and fruit juices

question

Before athetic competitions, a moderate caffeine intake

answer

may enhance performace

question

carnitine supplements

answer

often produce diarrea

question

Bodily movement produced by muscle contractions that substantially increase energy expenditure.

answer

Physical activity

question

sodium is essential

answer

yes ,is essential to muscle contraction and nerve transmission.

question

Aerobic physical Activity

answer

activity in which the body's large muscles move in a rhythmic manner for a sustained period of the time, Aerobic activity improves cardio respiratory fitness brisk waking , running ,swimming and bicycling area examples.

question

Resistance exercise or Resistance train

answer

physical activity that develops muscle strength power, endurance, and mass.Resistance can be provided by free weights, weight machines, other objects or the person's own body weight. Also called weight training or muscular strength exercises

question

Hypertrophy

answer

an increase in size ( for example of a muscle) in response to use

question

Atrophy

answer

an decrease in size (for example of a muscle) because of disease

question

factor that affect the BMR Age

answer

the BMR is higher in youth; as lean body mass declines with age, the BMR slows.Physical activity may prevent some of this decline

question

Height

answer

tall people have a larger surface area , so higher BMRs

question

growth

answer

children and pregnant women have higher BMRs

question

Body composition

answer

the more lean tissue the higher the BMR a typical man has greater lean body mass than a typical woman,making his BMR higher

question

Fever

answer

stress hormones raise the BMR

question

Environmental temperature

answer

Adjusting to either hot or cold raises the BMR.

question

All of the following are examples of how diseases might worsen malnutrition, except

answer

disease decreases nutrient excretion.

question

A chronic state of inflammation can be harmful to the tissues.

answer

true

question

A healthy digestive system defends against invading microbes because

answer

its linings are heavily laced with immune tissues.

question

Chronic diseases have distinct causes , known as risk factors

answer

false : chronic diseases have risk factors that show correlations with disease development but are not distinct causes.

question

which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

answer

Diabetes

question

Atherosclerosis is simply the accumulation of lipids within the artery wall.

answer

false :Atherosclerosis is an accumulation of lipids whitin the artery wall, but it also involves a complex response of the artery to tissue damage and inflammation

question

An " atherogenic diet" is high in all of the following except___.

answer

fiber

question

Men suffer more often from heart attacks than women do, making CVD a man's disease.

answer

false: Men do have more heart attacks than women, but CVD kills more women than any other cause of death

question

smoking powerfully raises the risk for CVD in men and women in all of the following ways,except

answer

decreasing the heart's workload.

question

which of the following minerals may help to regulated blood pressure?

answer

calcium, magnesium,potassium. all of the above

question

The most important step that a person can take to protect against hypertension is to be tested for it

answer

True

question

Hypertension is more severe and occurs earlier in life among people of European or Asian descent than among African Americans.

answer

False: the prevalence of high blood pressure in African Americans is among the highest in the world

question

for the great majority of cancers,lifestyle factors and environmental exposures are the major risk factors.

answer

True

question

which of the following have been associated with an increase in cancer risk?

answer

alcohol intake,high intakes of red meat,high intakes of processed meats.... all of the above.

question

when calorie intakes rise, cancer rates also increase

answer

True

question

Sufficient intakes of calcium-rich foods may increase the risk of colon cancer.

answer

false : sufficient intakes of calcium- rich foods may help to prevent colon cancer.

question

the DASH diet is designed for athletes who complete in sprinting events

answer

False; the DASH diet is designed for helping people with hypertension to control the disease.

question

the DASH diet is characterized by increased intakes of

answer

fruits , vegetables and whole grains.

question

Currently,for the best chance of consuming adequate nutrients and staying healthy, people should obtain an evaluation of their genetic profile

answer

false ; currently, for best chance of consuming adecuate nutrients and staving healthy,people should eat a well- planned diet of whole foods.

question

Microorganisms can cause foodborne illness either by infection or by intoxication.

answer

True

question

Some microorganisms produce illness-causing

answer

neurotoxins and enterotoxins

question

To prevent foodborne illness, the refrigerators's temperature should be less than.

answer

40 degrees

question

which of the following may be contracted from fresh raw or undercooked seafood?

answer

Hepatitis,worms and flukes,viral intestinal disordes, all of the above

question

which of the following organisms can cause hemolytic-uremic syndrome?

answer

Escherichia coli.

question

the threat of foodborne illness from meats or seafood is far greater than that from produce.

answer

false ; today ,the chance of getting a foodborne ilness from eating produce is similar to the chance of becoming ill from eating meat,eggs, and seafood.

question

Infants under one year of age should never be fed honey because it can contain spores of clostridium botulinum

answer

True

question

which of the following is correct concerning fruits that have been irradiated ?

answer

They decay and ripen more slowly.

question

Irradiation can

answer

Sterilize spices

question

Food packaging can contribute to food safety

answer

True

question

It is possible to eliminate all toxins from your diet by eating only natural foods

answer

False : Nature has provide many plants used for food with natural poisons to fend off diseases,insects, and others predators

question

Pregnant women are advised not to eat certain species if fish because the FDA and the EPA have detected unacceptably high lead levels in them

answer

False ; the EPA and FDA warn of unacceptably high methylmercury levels in ocean fish and other seafood and advise all pregnant women not to eat certain types of fish.

question

Compared with conventional grow produce,organic produce is often

answer

a)lower in pesticides, B) higher in phytochemicals. both a and b

question

Evidence does not suggest that conventional foods pose health risks or that using organic products reduce risks or that using organic products reduces risks.

answer

true

question

incidental food additives

answer

are really contaminants

question

food processing can confer a nutritional advantage by

answer

reducing the costs of nutritious foods.

question

selective breeding

answer

has been used for thousands of years

question

A genetically engineered rice variety in existence today supplies sufficient beta- carotene to fight vitamin A deficiency and childhood blindness worldwide.

answer

TRUE

question

A pregnant woman needs an extra 450 calories above the allowance for nonpregnant women during which trimester(s)?

answer

Third

question

A major reason why a woman's nutrition before pregnancy is crucial is that it determines whether her uterus will support the growth of normal placenta.

answer

True

question

A deficiency of which nutrient during pregnancy appears to be related to an increased risk of neural tube defects in newborns?

answer

Folate.

question

which of the following preventative measures should a pregnant woman take to avoid contracting listeriosis?

answer

a) avoid feta cheese c) thoroughly heat hot dogs a an c

question

Fetal alcohol syndrome ( FAS) is one of the leading known preventable causes of mental retardation in the world

answer

True

question

All of these characterize the damage done by alcohol during pregnancy, except

answer

stimulates maternal appetite and therefore increases fetal nutrition.

question

The American Academy of Pediatrics urges all women to drink only moderately during pregnancy

answer

False ; The American Academy of Pediatrics urges all women to stop drinking as soon as they plan to become pregnant,and to abstain throughout the pregnancy

question

Without proper management ,type 1 or type 2 diabetes during pregnancy can cause all except

answer

severe nausea.

question

when women in develop countries die of pregnancy complications,the causes is often eclampsia.

answer

True

question

To support lactation, a breastfeeding woman needs more if the following

answer

fluid and energy

question

Maternal dietary calcium intakes has noeffect on the calcium content of breast milk

answer

True

question

Lactating women who smoke tobacco

answer

Transfer nicotine and other chemicals to their infants

question

Which of the following foods poses a choking hazard to infants and small children?

answer

Marshmallows and hot dog slices

question

A sure way to get to sleep throught the night is to feed solid foods as soon as the baby can swallow them

answer

False : there is no proof for the theory that "stuffing the baby" at bedtime will promote sleeping thought the night

question

Fostering a sense of autonomy in a one -year old includes allowing the child to explore and experiment with her food

answer

True

question

In light of the developmental needs of one-year olds, parents should allow such behaviors as standing at the table or throwing food.

answer

False : in light of the developmental needs of one year olds, parents should discourage unacceptable behaviors,such as standing at the table or throwing food.

question

To treat obesity in children, a first goal is to

answer

quickly achieve their ideal weight.

question

The pregnant woman's body helps to conserve iron by

answer

increasing iron absorption

question

Low birth weigh ( LBW)

answer

a birthweight of less than 5.5 pounds used as predictor of probable health problems in the newborn.

question

Neural tube defect ( NTD)

answer

a group of nervous system abnormalities caused by interruption of the normal early development of the neural tube.

question

Special supplemental Nutrition program for Women Infants and Children (WIC)

answer

a USDA program offering low-income pregnant and lactanting women and those with infants or preschool children coupons redeemable for specific foods that supply the nutrients deemed most necessary for growth and development.

question

Fetal Alcohol Sindrom (FAS)

answer

the cluster of symptoms including brain damage growth retardation,mental retardation and facial abnormalities seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed alcohol during her pregnancy.

question

Gestational Diabetes (GDM)

answer

abnormal glucose tolerance appearing during pregnancy.

question

3 hazards to food safety

answer

Biological Physical Chemical

question

three requirements of disease causing bacteria

answer

1.- Warmth 2.-Moisture 3.- nutrients

question

4 Biological hazards

answer

1.- bacterial 2.-viral 3.-parasitic 4.- fungal

question

Temperature danger zone is

answer

40- 140 degrees fahrenheit

question

common foods additives

answer

Sugar and salt

question

Diseases that are caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microbes and can be transmitted from one person to another through air, water, or food; by contact; or through vector organisms such as mosquitoes and fleas.

answer

infectious diseases

question

diseases characterized by slow progression, long duration, and degeneration of body organs due in part to such personal lifestyle elements as poor food choices, smoking, alcohol use, and lack of physical activity. Also called lifestyle diseases, degenerative diseases, or the diseases of old age.

answer

chronic diseases

question

Factors known to be related to (or correlated with) diseases but not proved to be causal.

answer

risk factors

question

The main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is:

answer

atherosclerosis

question

When the arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle become blocked, the heart suffers damage known as ____.

answer

coronary heart disease (CHD)

question

Mounds of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that developed in the artery walls in atherosclerosis.

answer

plaques

question

White blood cells are also called ____.

answer

macrophages

question

Part of the body's immune defense against injury, infection, or allergens, marked by increased blood flow, release of chemical toxins, and attraction of white blood cells to the affected area.

answer

inflammation

question

Tiny cell-like fragments in the blood, important in blood clot formation.

answer

platelets

question

A stationary blood clot is called a ____.

answer

thrombus

question

A thrombus that has grown enough to close off a blood vessel.

answer

thrombosis

question

A thrombus that breaks loose and travels through the blood vessels.

answer

embolus

question

An embolus that causes sudden closure of a blood vessel.

answer

embolism

question

The sudden shutting off of the blood flow to the brain by a thrombus, embolism, or the bursting of a vessel.

answer

stroke

question

The ballooning out of an artery wall at a point that is weakened by deterioration.

answer

aneurysm

question

Opposing the clot-forming actions of platelets is one of the ____, an active product of an omega-3 fatty acid in fish oils.

answer

eicosanoids

question

Three of the major risk factors for CVD cannot be modified by lifestyle choices: ___, ___, and ___.

answer

age, gender, genes

question

Healthy total blood cholesterol is ____ mg/dl.

answer

< 200

question

Healthy LDL cholesterol is _____ mg/dl.

answer

< 100

question

Healthy HDL cholesterol is ____ mg/dl.

answer

≥ 60

question

Healthy triglycerides are ____ mg/dl.

answer

< 150

question

Healthy BMI is between ____ and ____.

answer

18.5, 24.9

question

Healthy blood pressure is _____.

answer

120/80

question

A combination of characteristic factors high fasting blood glucose or insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, low blood HDL cholesterol, and elevated blood triglycerides—that greatly increase a person's risk of developing CVD.

answer

metabolic syndrome

question

Arterial pressure caused by the contraction of the heart's left ventricle.

answer

systolic pressure

question

Arterial pressure when the heart is between beats.

answer

diastolic pressure

question

What is the DASH diet designed to do?

answer

Lower blood pressure, improve vascular function, lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.

question

What foods does the DASH diet consist of?

answer

Fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains and low fat milk products. Also low in sodium, saturated fat and total fat. Provides more potassium, magnesium, calcium and fiber.

question

The DRI daily recommended limit for sodium is _____ milligrams.

answer

2300

question

What four nutrient/minerals help to lower blood pressure?

answer

calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin c

question

An event, probably occurring in a cell's genetic material, caused by radiation or by a chemical carcinogen that can give rise to cancer.

answer

initiation

question

Factors that do not initiate cancer but speed up its development once initiation has taken place.

answer

promoters

question

Movement of cancer cells from one body part to another usually by the way of the body fluids

answer

metastasis

question

The drop in cancer incidence seen whenever intake of food energy (calories) is restricted.

answer

caloric effect

question

Is Nutrition important to both health and exercise performance? If so, what does good nutrition help with?

answer

Nutrition is important to both health and exercise performance. Good nutrition helps with recovery, optimizes performance, and is important for preventing problems that might occur if nutritional deficiencies occur.

question

What is mechanical efficiency? And, how efficent is the human body?

answer

Mechanical efficiency is the energy cost used to accomplish a specific amount of work. The human body is at most 25% efficient.

question

Mechanical efficient people use less energy to exercise at a given intensity than someone who is less mechanically efficient. True or False?

answer

True.

question

Is the energy cost of exercise training important in the planning of diets for athletes?

answer

Yes

question

During low intensity exercise at 50% or less of VO2 Max, a high proportion of energy comes from fat. True or false?

answer

True

question

Dietary carbohydrates such as grains are broken down by __________________.

answer

Glucose

question

One gram of carbohydrate provides about ________ kJ of energy

answer

17

question

_______________ is the only nutrient or substrate to be used in both the anaerobic glycolytic and oxidative metabolic pathways

answer

Carbohydrate

question

Glucose can be stored in the muscles and liver as fat. True or false?

answer

False; Glucose can be stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen.

question

Can carbohydrate digestion delay fatigue?

answer

Yes, carbohydrate digestion can delay fatigue.

question

A low carbohydrate diet is associated with....

answer

A low carbohydrate diet is associated with low muscle glycogen stores and poor exercise capacity, whereas a high-carbohydrate diet increases muscle glycogen stores and exercise capacity

question

Muscle glycogen stores can be depleted with as little as __________________ of intense continuous exercise.

answer

40 minutes

question

Glycogen depletion is associated with....

answer

Glycogen depletion is associated with an inability to maintain the rate of exercise and with the perception of fatigue (In marathon running, this point is called "hitting the wall")

question

Muscle glycogen stores can be depleted by prolonged periods of interval training, during which system?

answer

Regeneration system

question

30 seconds of all out sprints depletes _______ % of muscle glycogen stores

answer

25%

question

During prolonged exercise, carbohydrate ingestion can help maintain high rates of carbohydrate oxidation and spare muscle glycogen stores?

answer

True

question

Post exercise carbohydrate intake is NOT now known to benefit the athlete, particularly when the athlete must exercise again within 6 to 12 hours. True or false?

answer

False; Post exercise carbohydrate intake IS now known to benefit the athlete, particularly when the athlete must exercise again within 6 to 12 hours

question

What are the two most important components of fat for metabolism?

answer

Triglycerides and fatty acids are the two most important components of fat for metabolism.

question

Fatty acids can be classified as unsaturated or polyunsaturated. True or False?

answer

True

question

Fatty acids are stored as triglycerides. True or false?

answer

True

question

What is a triglyceride?

answer

A triglyceride is made up of a glycerol molecule plus three fatty acids. They are stored mostly in fat cells but are also stored in other tissues such as skeletal muscle.

question

When fat is needed as an energy source, the triglycerides are broken up in a process called ______________.

answer

Lipolysis

question

_____________ is not metabolized by skeletal muscle, but can be used by the liver to synthesize glucose.

answer

Glycerol is not metabolized by skeletal muscle, but can be used by the liver to synthesize glucose

question

If weight loss is required in an athlete, fat intake can be reduced to 15% to 20% of daily energy intake. True or false?

answer

True

question

Essential amino acids are vital to our diet because the body can synthesize them. True or false?

answer

False; Essential amino acids are vital to our diet because the body cannot synthesize them

question

Nonessential amino acids the body can synthesize. True or false?

answer

True

question

Many athletes have a high protein diet and consume ________________ powders

answer

Amino acid

question

In developed countries, average protein intake is usually 2 to 3 times higher than the recommendations and a protein deficit is usually present only when severe dietary restriction is coupled with a vegan diet. True or false?

answer

True

question

Excess dietary protein is not used by skeletal muscle - It is secreted by the ________________ to be used to synthesize fat

answer

Kidneys

question

High-protein diets usually does have sufficient carbohydrates to fuel extended training sessions. True or False?

answer

False; High-protein diets usually does not have sufficient carbohydrates to fuel extended training sessions

question

Humans lose heat primarily through the evaporation of sweat. True or false?

answer

True

question

Sweat rates can be very high-up to 3 Liters of sweat/hour. Sweat rate is dependent on what?

answer

Metabolic changes during exercise

question

When training or competition lasts less than 90 minutes, consuming fluid offers no physiological or performance benefit except ______________________.

answer

Reducing thirst

question

During prolonged exercise, the redistribution of water in the body and the loss of body water via sweating may reduce _____________________.

answer

Blood volume

question

The cardiovascular system adjusts to the loss of blood volume by....

answer

The cardiovascular system adjusts to the loss of blood volume by increasing heart rate to offset declines in stroke volume

question

When the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory systems are impaired, this can be life threatening or not?

answer

When the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory systems are impaired, this can be life threatening

question

Thirst is stimulated by...

answer

Thirst is stimulated by an increasing serum osmolality and blood pressure

question

Encouraging excessive water intake during exercise must be avoided to prevent __________________, a condition that occurs when kidneys inadequately clears the excess fluid

answer

Hyponatremia

question

How many calories do we need?

answer

You need to know how many calories you burn and how active you are

question

What is the resting metabolic rate equation?

answer

Body Weight in lbs x 10 kcal/lb

question

What factors affect RMR?

answer

Age, Height, Growth, and Body Composition

question

Age: Young adults have a higher __________________ than older adults. Older adults have a slower RMR.

answer

Resting metabolic rate

question

Height: Taller people have higher resting metabolic rate. True or false?

answer

True

question

Growth: Children and pregnant women do NOT have a higher resting metabolic rate. True or False?

answer

False, children and pregnant women have a higher resting metabolic rate.

question

Body Composition: If an individual has lean tissue, he or she has a _______________ resting metabolic rate.

answer

Higher

question

Body Composition: If an individual has fat tissue, he or she has a _____________ resting metabolic rate.

answer

Lower

question

What is the number one factor that determines resting metabolic rate?

answer

The amount of lean muscle mass in the body

question

Is the number of calories needed different for everyone?

answer

Yes

question

What are the three major sources from which we get energy?

answer

Carbohydrates, protein, fat

question

What are the components of a healthy diet?

answer

Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats, Minerals, Vitamins, Water

question

List the macronutrients that provide energy and calories.

answer

Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats

question

List the micronutrients that do NOT provide energy and have zero calorie content.

answer

Minerals, Vitamins, Water

question

Amount of calories in your diet depends on....

answer

Age, gender, and activity level

question

An in balance of nutrients may lead to ________________________.

answer

Malnutrition

question

What is the recommended amount (%) of daily protein intake?

answer

15-17%

question

What is the recommended amount (%) of daily carbohydrate intake?

answer

40-60%

question

What is the recommended amount (%) of daily fat intake?

answer

20-40%

question

Without adequate food intake, the provision of energy will be comprised. True or false?

answer

True

question

Carbohydrates are the _________________ energy source. Most readily available to fuel for ____________________.

answer

Primary; metabolism

question

List the sources of carbohydrates.

answer

Grains, fruits, vegetables

question

1 gram CHO ≈ ____ kcal

answer

4

question

What kind of carbohydrate sources does an individual consume?

answer

Monosaccharide: Glucose, fructose, galactose Disaccharides: Table sugar: sucrose Milk sugar: lactose Corn syrup: glucose/fructose Complex Carbohydrates: STARCH-plants store extra CHO in the form of starch.

question

What is the high glycemic index CHO?

answer

High glycemic index is a number associated with a particular type of food that indicates the food's effect on a person's blood glucose (also called blood sugar) level.

question

High glycemic index enters the blood stream very quickly. True or false?

answer

True

question

Why is Gatorade or Powerade beneficial for athletes?

answer

The high glycemic index gets into the blood faster.

question

Low/Mod GI CHO...

answer

Low/Mod GI CHO enters the bloodstream more slowly. They must be broken down first by digestive enzymes before being absorbed. (generally have a higher fiber content).

question

At rest, the brain/nerve cells use about _________ but 50% is from gluconeogenesis. You only, need to eat 75g.

answer

7 grams/hr = 150g

question

30 minutes of easy walking. How many grams of carbohydrates do you need?

answer

About 25 grams

question

Gatorade is at a concentration of about ______%

answer

8%

question

CHO use is minimal at rest (0-30%) for most individuals. True or false?

answer

True

question

Is carbohydrates the chief energy source during exercise?

answer

Yes, CHO helps spare protein use during exercise.

question

Where is glucose stored in the body?

answer

Blood (form of glucose), liver, and muscles

question

Store CHO is referred to as __________. It is primarily stored in ________________.

answer

Glycogen; skeletal muscle

question

_____________ is not used much by most tissues except after a meal, because it is reserved for the brain and "special" situations (e.g. stress, sickness, exercise etc).

answer

Blood glucose

question

Most individuals have 90 mg/100ml blood. This is equivalent to ________________ or ________ and ___________ minutes of activity

answer

5g (20kcal) or 1 tsp; 20 minutes of activity

question

During long, hard exercise one can use ______g blood glucose/min (2.5 min unless replaced)

answer

2g

question

Liver glycogen (60-100g): Breakdown of liver glycogen replaces blood glucose being used to maintain normal blood glucose levels. True or False?

answer

True

question

Muscle Glycogen (300g - 600g) is transported to ___________.

answer

Blood

question

An average a 70 kg male he has ____________ kcal of CHO. Breakdown: Muscle: 1200-2400 kcal = 300- 600g Liver: 320 - 440 kcal = 80 - 110g Blood Glucose: 20 kcal = 5g

answer

1500-2860

question

We don't want to store more glycogen than we use. True or false?

answer

True

question

Fats are made of _______________

answer

Fatty acids

question

If we did not have a high amount of fat, the cell membrane would break. True or false?

answer

True

question

1 gram of fat is equivalent to how many kcal?

answer

9

question

Fat is in the _____________ system.

answer

aerobic

question

Fat is a the key energy source at rest (contributes 70-100%) in most individuals. True or false?

answer

True

question

At rest, the primary fat depot that provides fatty acids is ____________ fat, whereas during exercise ___________ (surrounding organs) fat is the chief contributor.

answer

Subcutaneous; visceral

question

Most fatty acids used for exercise are transported from _________________ to muscle. However, some fat is stored in muscle and can be mobilized for use.

answer

adipose tissue

question

Fat requires a lot of _________. Consequently it is inefficient to use fat when you can use CHO.

answer

Oxygen

question

Fat does NOT need to be oxidized in adipose tissue, transported in blood, taken up by muscle, and taken up by mitochondria. True or false?

answer

False; Fat needs to be oxidized in adipose tissue, transported in blood, taken up by muscle, and taken up by mitochondria.

question

Fats cannot sustain high-intensity exercise (for the above reasons) because blood flow is limited to adipose tissue during intense exercise. True or false?

answer

True

question

Fat process is slow. It must undergo, what?

answer

Beta oxidation

question

Unsaturated fat contains double bonds between carbons. It includes the essential fatty acids that we must consume in our diet. True or false?

answer

True

question

Saturated fat contains single bonds between carbons. It is linked with cardiovascular disease, should be limited in our intake... Less than 10% of total calories. True or false?

answer

True

question

Athletes eating a diet of 55-65% CHO should consume ________ fat.

answer

20-25%

question

Although these is some evidence consuming high fat diets are helpful, the majority show performance is enhanced compared to CHO rich diets. Given the concern of consuming high fat diets to health. True or false?

answer

False; Although these is some evidence consuming high fat diets are helpful, the majority show performance isn't enhanced compared to CHO rich diets. Given the concern of consuming high fat diets to health.

question

Protein is made of ______________.

answer

Amino acids

question

Proteins are required for...

answer

Building and repairing tissues. Acid-base buffering during activity.

question

Only 3-10% of energy derived from protein oxidation occurs during rest or exercise. As a result, protein is often underappreciated for it's role in energy production...True or false?

answer

True

question

Use of protein depends heavily on: List.

answer

Energy balance (deficit means more PRO used) CHO available (low means more PRO used)

question

There is no true storage of protein. Protein used in excess of dietary intake causes loss of lean body mass.

answer

True

question

What basic life processes are affected?

answer

Protein synthesis reduced Resting metabolism slows Weak (muscle loss) Immune system weakens (can't produce antibodies)

question

For athletes in training, their goal is to maintain or increase _____________________ (FFM)

answer

Lean body mass

question

An increase in muscle size (and mass) is caused by an increase in _________________.

answer

Protein synthesis

question

Muscle mass maintenance (a primary goal of endurance athletes in particular) is sustained by discouraging protein degradation. True or false?

answer

True

question

Given that protein turnover is approximately 200-400g/d, what is the proper dietary requirement for protein then?

answer

The RDA for protein in normal sedentary individuals is 0.8g/kg-BW (1kg = 2.2lbs)

question

Part II: Given that protein turnover is approximately 200-400g/d, what is the proper dietary requirement for protein then? For a 130lb person this equals (130/2.2)*0.8 = _____g? For a 180lb person this equals (180/2.2)*0.8 = ____g?

answer

For a 130lb person this equals (130/2.2)*0.8 = 47g For a 180lb person this equals (180/2.2)*0.8 = 65g

question

Athletes have increased protein needs compared to sedentary people but there is some debate about how much protein athletes really need. True or false?

answer

True

question

Endurance performance athletes focus only on CHO intake, but strength/power performance athletes focus only on protein intake?

answer

False; All athletes have an increased need, compared to sedentary people, for dietary protein. The difference is in the use of that protein. The goal for endurance athletes is to provide amino acids for energy and maintain FFM)

question

The goal for resistance athletes it to.....

answer

gain/maintain FFM

question

Endurance Athletes need protein because: List the reasons

answer

Protein oxidation occurs as an energy source; After prolonged or high intensity exercise a negative net protein balance is seen; Training seems to have a protein sparing effect, protein oxidation during exercise decreases with training

question

What are the two types of vitamins?

answer

Water soluble and Fat soluble

question

Water soluble vitamins

answer

Vitamin C B-complex vitamins Excess of these vitamins is excreted in urine.

question

Fat soluble vitamins

answer

Vitamins A, D, E, K Body cannot excrete excess amounts. Excess can be dangerous or fatal.

question

It is not possible to eliminate all toxins from you diet by eating only natural plants because many plants used for food have __________ to fend off diseases , insects and other predators,

answer

natural poisons

question

Pregnant women are advised not eat certain species of fish because the FDA and the EPA have detected unacceptably high _________ levels

answer

methylmercury

question

The chance of getting food born illness from produce is ____________ to the chance of getting ill from eating meat, eggs and seafood.

answer

similar

question

Packaging can contribute to ________

answer

food safety

question

Infants under 1 should never be fed __________ because it can contain spores of Clostridium botulinum

answer

honey

question

The FDA has identified __________ as its number one concern.

answer

microbial foodborne illnesses

question

To prevent foodborne illnesses, the refrigerator's temperature should be less than.

answer

40 degrees

question

Hepatitis, worms and flukes, viral intestinal disorder may all be contracted from fresh raw or uncooked _____

answer

seafood

question

Fruits that have been irradiated decay and ripen _____ (irradiate the application of ionizing radiation to food)

answer

more slowly

question

___________ appears as the number one area of concern on the Food and Drug Administration's list of concerns regarding our food supply

answer

microbial foodborne illness

question

______ foods measurably reduce pesticide exposure.

answer

organic

question

The FDA's authority over additives hinges primary on their _____ and ______.

answer

effectiveness and safety

question

a list of food additives...some 700 substances have been placed on the _____ list. This list can be re-evaluated.

answer

GRAS list (Generally recognized as safe)

question

MSG has been deemed safe for ______ but kept out of foods for ______.

answer

adults infants

question

_______ and ________ work as antimicrobial agents by withdrawing water from food.

answer

salt and sugar

question

Preservatives known as ____ prevent or delay rancidity of fats.

answer

antioxidants

question

To reduce pesticide residues in foods you would _____ and ________

answer

-trim the fat from meat -wash produce in warm water using a scrub brush and rinse thorough

question

_______ are permanently approved by the FDA

answer

No food additives

question

To prevent bacterial growth , you should refrigerate foods immediately after serving a meal and definitely before _____ hours have passed

answer

2 hrs

question

Which of the following is the safest food to pack for a picnic: apples, potato salad, chicken salad, or swiss cheese

answer

apples

question

Which of the following cause substantial loss of water -soluble vitamins: canning, freezing, drying, or ultra high temperatures

answer

canning

question

________ is a special enemy of thiamin

answer

sulfites

question

The term "sushi grade" is _________ and does not indicate quality, purity or freshness.

answer

not legally defined

question

During processing foods often gain:

answer

sodium

question

When dining in an Asian restaurant, individuals who are sensitive to MSG should:

answer

order a soup that contains noodles and/or eat plenty of rice

question

The most effective and safest way to remove microbes from sponges is to:

answer

use an automatic dishwasher

question

To prevent travelers' diarrhea you would: ____ & ____

answer

wash hands before eating and drink only bottled beverages

question

________ appears last on the FDA's list of concerns regarding the U.S. food supply:

answer

genetically modified foods

question

Foodborne illnesses can be life threatening and are increasingly unresponsive to standard _______.

answer

antibiotics

question

Characteristics of a safe hamburger would be one that has reached an internal temp of ______ and/or cooked until ________.

answer

160 degree well done

question

To decrease foodborne illness, you would

answer

rinse veg and scrub all raw produce under running water using a vegetable brush, rinse w/ vinegar, discard outer leaves from leafy vegetables

question

The FDA and EPA advise all pregnant women against eating king mackerel, swordfish and shark because they are high in _________

answer

methylmercury

question

the acute, temporary and self limiting reactions experienced by sensitive people upon ingesting a dose of MSG

answer

MSG symptom complex

question

two or more cases of foodborne illness arising from an identical organism acquired from a common source within a limited timeframe

answer

outbreak

question

substances that are added to foods, but are not normally consumed by themselves as foods

answer

additives

question

the ability of a substance to harm living organisms

answer

toxicity

question

a Japanese dish that consists of vinegar-flavored rice, seafood and colorful vegetables, typically wrapped in seaweed.

answer

sushi

question

an agency of the United Nations charged with improving human health and preventing or controlling diseases in the world's people

answer

World Health Organization

question

in reference to food additives, a zone between the concentration normally used and that at which a hazard exists

answer

margin of safety

question

the application of ionizing radiation to foods to reduce insect infestation or microbial contamination, or to slow the ripening or sprouting process

answer

irradiation

question

substances that can get into food not through intentional introduction but as a result of contact with food during growing, processing, packaging, storing, or in some other stage before the food is consumed

answer

incidental additives

question

a process of sterilizing food by exposing it for a short time to temperatures above those normally used in processing

answer

ultrahigh temperature

question

whatever remains

answer

residues

question

chemicals used to control insects, diseases, weeds, fungi, and other pest on crops and around animals

answer

pesticides

question

of stubborn or enduring nature

answer

persistent

question

any substance occurring in food by accident, not a normal food constituent

answer

contaminant

question

the contamination of a food through exposure to utensils , hands, or other surfaces that were previously in contact with a contaminated food

answer

cross contamination

question

foods meeting USDA production regulations, which include prohibition of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, fertilizer, drugs and preservatives, and produces without genetic engineering or irradiation

answer

organic foods

question

stable oily synthetic chemicals used in hundreds of industrial and commercial operations that persists as population in the environment, they cause cancer in animals and a number of other serious health effects

answer

extrusion

question

processing techniques that transform whole or refined grains, legumes and other foods into shaped, colored and flavored snacks, breakfast cereals and other products

answer

extrusion

question

garden grown with techniques of sustainable agriculture, such as using fertilizers made from composts and introducing predatory insects to control pest, in ways that have minimal impact on soil, water and air quality

answer

organic gardens

question

an often fatal illness of the nerves and brain observed in cattle and wild game and in people who consume affected meats

answer

mad cow disease/ bovine spongiform encephalopathy

question

bovine spongiform encephalopathy is also known as_____________

answer

mad cow disease

question

a poisonous metallic element; in trace amounts, its believed to an essential nutrient in some animal species often added to insecticides and week killer in tiny amts.

answer

arsenic

question

the estimated amount of sweetener that can be consumed daily over a person's life time without any adverse effects

answer

acceptable daily intake

question

the required label stating the country of origination of many imported meats, chicken, fish, shellfish, and other perishable foods, certain nuts and ginseng

answer

Country of Origin Label

question

the international adulteration or depletion of the food supply through the use of biological agents, such as pathogenic organisms or agricultural pests to cause fear and destruction in a population

answer

food bioterroism

question

a noncaloric artificial fat made from sucrose and fatty acids

answer

Olestra

question

a preservation technique in which a perishable food is packaged in a gas-impermeable container from which air has been removed or to which another gas has been added

answer

modified atmosphere packaging

question

a severe result of infection with E coli 0157:H7, characterized by abnormal blood clotting with kidney failure, damage to central nervous system and other organs,and death especially among children

answer

hemolytic-uremic syndrome

question

Effects of malnutrition on the body's dense systems would include cell of the immune system being ______ and antibody concentration becoming ________

answer

reduced in size depressed

question

Nutrition can not directly prevent or cure _______

answer

infectious diseases

question

Men and women do not experience the same signs and symptoms of a _____

answer

heart attack

question

Chronic disease arise from a mixture of _____ and _____.

answer

genetic inheritance and lifestyle choices

question

Elevated LDL cholesterol Elevated total blood cholesterol and Decreased HDL cholesterol ...are not major risk factors for ___________ but serve as markers for other risk factors.

answer

heart disease

question

To lower LDL and reduce heart risk people in the U.S. should consume _____ grams of soluble fiber /day and consume less than ____ mg of cholesterol /day

answer

5-10 soluble fiber [less than] 200 mg cholesterol

question

Central obesity is associated with:

answer

high blood pressure and high cholesterol

question

To help reduce the risk of CVD you should reduce the amount of ________ in he diet nsad choose foods high in ________.

answer

saturated fats soluble fibers

question

Sterol esters help bring down blood cholesterol by blocking absorption of cholesterol in the ______

answer

intestines

question

For people 55 or older, the life time risk of developing hypertension approaches _____ percent.

answer

90

question

The best kind of physical activity to reduce blood pressure is moderate or vigorous intensity _______

answer

aerobic activity.

question

Those with kidney problems, diabetes or a family history of hypertension are likely to respond more sensitively than others to _________

answer

sodium

question

For people with hypertension, a reduction of blood pressure usually accompanies a lower _________intake

answer

sodium

question

For people who are over weight and hypertensive, a loss of _______ lbs may significantly lower blood pressure.

answer

10 lbs

question

To consume more phytochemicals in your diet eat more _______ and __________

answer

fruit and cruciferous vegetables

question

To minimize risks from carcinogens formed during cooking meats you would__________

answer

bake them in the oven

question

Cruciferous vegetables are associated with ________

answer

low cancer rates

question

Cauliflower,cabbage, and brussel sprouts are ______ vegetables

answer

cruciferous

question

The DRI Committee's Tolerable Upper Intake Level for sodium is __ milligrams per day.

answer

2300

question

Reducing ________ would produce the greatest possible reduction in LDL cholestorol

answer

saturated fat

question

Vitamin and mineral supplements have __________in lowering blood pressure

answer

not shown promise

question

______ may reduce the risk of sudden death associated with both heart disease and stroke.

answer

Fish oil

question

Low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose are features of __________.

answer

metabolic syndrome

question

By what age do most people have well developed plaques in their arteries?

answer

30 yrs old

question

Low blood pressure, low LDL cholesterol and high blood HDL cholesterol are risk factors for _________.

answer

Cardiovascular disease

question

An "atherogenic diet" is high in cholesterol, saturated fats and ______.

answer

trans fats

question

Calcium,magnesium, and potassium may help to regulate _____________

answer

blood pressure

question

Alcohol, high intakes of red meat and high intakes of processed meats have all been associated with an increase in __________.

answer

cancer

question

When the calorie intake rises ________ rates also increase.

answer

cancer

question

Laboratory evidence suggests that a high -calcium diet may prevent the risk of ______________

answer

colon cancer

question

The DASH diet is designed for ____________

answer

people with hypertension

question

Hypertension is more severe and occurs easier in life among people of ________ descent.

answer

African American

question

The ability to bend and recover without injury is called

answer

flexibility

question

People who regularly engage in moderate physical activity _________ then those who are physically inactive.

answer

live longer on average

question

The average resting pulse rate for adults is around _____ beats per minute.

answer

70

question

Swimming and basketball produce _______________ endurance.

answer

cardiorespiratory

question

Sports anemia reflects a normal adaptation to______

answer

endurance training

question

Athletes relying on ____________ to govern fluid intake can easily become dehydrated

answer

thirst

question

Plain cool water is the optimal beverage for replacing fluids in those who exercise because it rapidly leaves the ______ and _____ from inside out

answer

digestive tract cools the body

question

Besides water, ___________ is recommended for athletes as opposed to coffee, beer or iced tea.

answer

fruit juice

question

To postpone fatigue, endurance athletes should eat _______________ on a day to day basis and take in some __________ during the activity, usually in fluid.

answer

a high - carbohydrate diet glucose

question

A reduced risk of ____________ is an effect of regular physical activity.

answer

cardiovascular disease

question

The 2008 Physical Activity Guidance for Americans recommend that people engage in strength activities _____ or more days a week.

answer

2

question

Glycogen depletion usually occurs after about ____ hrs of vigorous activity / exercise.

answer

2

question

During intense activity, anaerobic breakdown of glucose produces:

answer

lactate

question

During events lasting longer than 4 hours, athletes need to pay special attention to replacing ________ losses to prevent hyponatremia,

answer

sodium

question

After about ____ minutes of activity, the blood fatty acid concentration rises above the normal resting concentration and fat cells begin to shrink in size.

answer

20

question

The following are factors that affect __________ : the amount of fat in the diet, degree of training to perform the exercise, and the intensity and duration of the exercise.

answer

fat use in exercise

question

____________ signals the synthesis of muscle proteins.

answer

Physical activities

question

Sodium, potassium and chloride are lost in _______ during physical activity.

answer

sweat

question

Physically fit people have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease due to :

answer

lower blood pressure & lower total blood cholesterol

question

Resistance training slows the gradual loss of _________ that often impairs quality of life in the elderly.

answer

physical mobility

question

_______ can be used to improve flexibility.

answer

yoga

question

The committee on DRI does not recommend greater than normal ________ intakes for athletes.

answer

protein

question

Critical for the working body because it helps build the red blood cells to carry oxygen to working muscles.

answer

folate

question

Provides most of the energy the muscles use in the early minutes of activity.

answer

glycogen

question

Which diet has been shown to increase an athlete's endurance?

answer

high-carbohydrate diet

question

Required as part of myoglobin, a muscle protein that is essential to performance?

answer

iron

question

The following describe ____________: poor in minerals and vitamins and cause fluid losses

answer

beer

question

A person who exercises moderately longer than 20 min begins to :

answer

use less glucose and more fat for fuel

question

Weight training to improve muscle strength and endurance helps maintain:

answer

bone mass

question

The average resting pulse is about 70 beats per minute but the resting rate is _________ in active people

answer

lower

question

The average resting pulse rate for adults is around ______ beats per minute.

answer

70

question

An athlete should drink extra_______ in the last few days of training before an event in order to ensure proper ______

answer

fluids hydration

question

Research does not support the idea that athletes need _____________ to enhance performance.

answer

supplements of vitamins

question

Aerobically trained muscles burn _________ readily than untrained muscles.

answer

more fat

question

The ability if a muscle to contract repeatedly within a given time without becoming exhasted

answer

muscle endurance

question

An increase in size, for example of a muscle in response to use

answer

hypertrophy

question

Not requiring oxygen. Anaerobic activity may require strength but does not work the heart & lungs very hard for a sustained period.

answer

anaerobic

question

The amount of weight loss plus fluid consumed during exercise per hour

answer

HOURLY SWEAT RATE

question

The ability to perform large muscle, dynamic exercise of moderate to high intensity for prolonged periods

answer

cardiorespiratory endurance

question

A decrease in size for example of a muscle because of lack of use.

answer

atrophy

question

The extra physical demand placed on the body, an increase in frequency, duration or intensity of an activity.

answer

overload

question

activity in which the body's large muscles move in a rhythmic manner for a sustained period of time. Aerobic activity is also called endurance activity, improves cardiorespiratory fitness (brisk walking).

answer

aerobic physical activity

question

the volume of oxygenated blood ejected from the heart toward body tissues at each beat

answer

stoke volume

question

Regular practice of an activity which leads to physical adaptations of the body with improvement in flexibility, strength or endurance

answer

training

question

physical activity that develops muscle strength, power, endurance, and mass

answer

resistance exercise

question

a measure of increased metabolism (energy expenditure) that continues for minutes to hours after cessation of exercise

answer

Excess postexercise oxygen consumtion

question

painful cramps of the abdomen, arms, or legs, often occurring hours after exercise

answer

heat cramps

question

flavored commercial beverages used to restore muscle glycogen after exercise or as pre-game beverages

answer

high-carbohydrate energy drinks

question

a hormone produced by the brain's pituitary gland, necessary for growth of the body tissues

answer

growth hormone

question

the gradual increase of stress placed upon the body with the use of resistance

answer

Progressive weight training

question

a hormone produced primarily by the male testes

answer

testosterone

question

physical activity that requires a large increase in breathing and/or heart rate expends more than 7 calories per minute

answer

vigorous- intensity physical activity

question

: a regimen of moderate exercise followed by eating a high carb diet that enables muscles to temporarily store glycogen beyond what's normal. Also called glycogen loading or glycogen supercompensation.

answer

CARBOHYDRATE LOADING

question

Fruit flavored drinks used to restore muscle glycogen after exercise or part of a pregame regiment.

answer

HIGH CARB ENERGY DRINKS

question

compounds that supply glucose, not as a single molecule but linked in chains somewhat like starch.

answer

glucose polymers

question

A meal eaten 3-4 hours before an athletic competition.

answer

PRE-GAME MEAL

question

the most common form of CVD, plaque along inner walls of arteries

answer

atherosclerosis

question

Mounds of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that developed in the artery walls in athersclerosis.

answer

plaques

question

vessels that feed heart become closed off by an embolism, thrombus, or other cause with resulting sudden tissue death.

answer

heart attack

question

The sudden shutting off of the blood flow to the brain by a thrombus, embolism, or other bursting of a vessel.

answer

stroke

question

large, primary artery that conducts blood from the heart to the body's smaller arteries

answer

arota

question

A combination of high fasting blood glucose of insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension, low blood HDL cholesterol, and elevated blood triglycerides-that greatly increases a person's risk of developing CVD.

answer

metabolic syndrome

question

resistance to pumped blood in the small arterial branches (arterioles) that carry blood

answer

peripheral resistance

question

origin of cancer

answer

carcinogenesis

question

cancer-causing substance

answer

carcinogen

question

in cell's genetic material, caused by radiation or by a chemical carcinogen that can give rise to cancer

answer

initiation

question

factors such as certain hormones that do not initiate cancer but speed up its development once initiation has taken place

answer

promoters

question

Movement of cancer cells from one body part to another usually by the way of body fluids

answer

metastasis

question

compounds in foods that act in any of several ways to oppose the formation of cancer

answer

anticarcinogens

question

vegetables with cross-shaped blossoms-cabbage family. associated with low cancer rates.

answer

cruciferous vegetables

question

Wherever dietary fat consists mostly of _____ fats and fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance, blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low.

answer

unsaturated

question

All of the following dietary factors are protective against CVD except:

answer

refined starches

question

Which of the following appears to help prevent and treat hypertension in certain populations?

answer

potassium

question

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD?

answer

high HDL

question

To lower LDL cholesterol levels you would tell someone to:

answer

lose weight increase physical activity

question

The DASH diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products.

answer

True

question

hypertension risk factors

answer

age and genes

question

To help prevent hypertension Americans should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day

answer

2300

question

The CDC, American Heart Association, and other groups have collaborated to create a program that encourages people to:

answer

fill half their plate with vegetables and fruits.

question

Arguments against genetic testing include all of the following except:

answer

there is no evidence that information about genetic coding can be used to make lifestyle changes.

question

Which mineral may have causative effects for prostate cancer?

answer

calcium

question

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of CVD?

answer

high HDL

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