Nutrition- Chapter 1 Mastering health – Flashcards
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The RDA is determined from the Estimated Average Requirement and meets the requirements of 97 to 98% of healthy individuals in a particular group.
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The EAR is the amount of a given nutrient that will meet the needs of about half of the healthy people in a particular group.
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If an individual exceeds the UL value for a particular nutrient, there's a chance for adverse health effects.
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The AI value for vitamin K is the intake level assumed to be adequate based on observations of what healthy people consume.
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Individuals who consume macronutrients within the ranges indicated by the AMDR may reduce their risk for chronic diseases.
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Physical activity level is an important consideration when calculating the EER.
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The AMDR for fat is 20-35%.
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The AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65%.
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-Values in this catergory meet the needs of only 50% of the people in a particular group
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EAT
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-When this value can be determined, individuals should aim for this amount for daily intake -The EAR is needed to calculate values in this catergory
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RDA
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Values in this catergoy are used when an EAR or RDA cannot be provided
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AI
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Exceeding the values listed in this category can cause increased risk of toxicity
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UL
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-Values in this category are expressed as a percentage of total energy -Consuming above or below the ranges indicated by these DRI values can increase the risk for chronic disease
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AMDR
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A. The relationship between vitamin C deficiency and pellagra. B. The role of diet in the development of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. C. The relationship between genes and health. D. The link between folic acid and birth defects Answer: B
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As the study of nutrition evolves, what best reflects the objectives of current nutrition research?
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A. Stroke B. Multiple scledrosis C. Leukemia D. Sickle cell anemia Answer: A
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The following three diseases are strongly associated with poor nutrition: heart disease, diabetes, and _____.
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A. Values B. Sources C. supplementation D. Deficiencies Answer: D
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Nutrient _____ can cause serious illnesses.
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A. kilo calories (kcal) B. pounds C. grams D. dietary reference intakes (DRIs) Answer: A
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Energy is measured in ___
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A. amino acids B. carbohydrates C.proteins D. fats Answer: B
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Grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes are primary sources of _______.
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A. under short-term, intense exertion B. at rest C. in transition between rest and exertion D. under long-term, sustained exertion. Answer: B
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Fats are an important source of energy for a person's body while they are ______
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A. Tissues B. hair C. Blood D. bone Answer: A
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Proteins support _____ growth, repair, and maintenance.
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A. trace B. minor C. organic D. solid Answer: A
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The two categories of minerals are major and ____ minerals.
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A. organic B. macro C. inorganic D. nonessential Answer: C
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Water is a(n) ______ nutrient.
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A. energy B. body function regulation C. hydrogen D. toxicity Answer: A
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Macronutrients provide ______.
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A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. vitamins D. enzymes Answer: C
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Micronutrients consist of minerals and _____.
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A. 150 calories B. 175 calories C. 225 calories D. 100 calories Answer: D
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A snack of 15 grams of carbohydrate and 10 grams of protein contains _____ calories.
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A. recommended dietary allowance (RDA) B. estimated average requirement (EAR) C. adequate intake (AI) D. tolerable upper intake level (UL) Answer: B
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The average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage or gender group is __________.
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A. scientific research B. supplement use C. cholesterol levels D. Wellness Answer: D
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Diets based on the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) promote _____.
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A. 900 to 1300 B. 100 to 175 C. 50 to 175 D. 225 to 325 Answer: D
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A 2000-calorie diet meeting the AMDR for carbohydrates would have ______ g carbohydrate.
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A. observation B. a hypothesis C. collecting data D. an experiment Answer: A
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If you are planning a research project, initiate the process by ______.
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A. survey studies B. case control studies C. case study D. clinical trial Answer: D
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To determine the effect of an intervention on health, the best research method is_____.
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A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) B. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) C. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) D. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Answer: A
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The government-based group that protects the health and safety of Americans is the ______.
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A. geared toward certain populati9ons B. incomplete C. trustworthy D. university affiliated Answer: C
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Government sources of nutritional information are usually _______.
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A. Government agencies B. Registered dietitian C. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics D. Nutritionist Answer: D
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Which is least likely to be considered a reliable source of nutrition information?
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A. marconutrients B. calories C. bacteria D. mirconutrients Answer: C
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To be effective, foods containing probiotics must provide an adequate number of ______.
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A. liver disease B. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) C. stomach ulcers D. diarrhea Answer: D
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Probiotics may be beneficial for some conditions such as _______.
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A. body chemical reactions B. weight gain C. metabolism D. tumor cell growth Answer: D
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Phytochemicals slow ______
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A. added B. animal C. nutrient-dense D. plant Answer: D
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Phytochemicals are ____ chemicals.
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A. meat B. yogurt C. grains D. fruit Answer: B
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A good source of probiotics would be_____.
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A. fruit B. supplements C. meat D. yogurt Answer: A
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A good source of prebiotics would be ____.
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A. probiotics B. viruses C. toxins D. oxygen Answer: D
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Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds believed to protect plants against the _____ they produce.
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A. inability to reduce risk of disease B. large number of variables C. inability to individualize D. a reluctance to adopt new healthcare technologies Answer: B
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A significant challenge of nutrigenomics is _____.
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A. yogurt and fruit B. soy milk, oatmeal, fortified orange juice C. milk, cream of wheat, turkey sausage D. breakfast sandwich on an English muffin with coffee Answer: A
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Students looking to maintain a robust gut flora may plan a breakfast containing_____ .
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A. obesity and Type II diabetes B. breast cancer C. age-related cognitive decline or dementia D. end-organ failure such as liver or kidney disease Answer: A
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The composition of the human microbiome may protect against ____.
