question

The term that describes abnormal or uncontrolled cell tissue growth is:

answer

neoplasm.

question

The system that is responsible for the orderly operation of cell structures and functions is the:

answer

genes.

question

An oncogene can best be described as a:

answer

gene that when activated causes neoplastic growth.

question

Cancers that arise from epithelial tissue are called:

answer

carcinomas.

question

The best description of sarcoma is a:

answer

tumor derived from connective tissue.

question

A factor that has been shown to have a clear association with the development of cancer is:

answer

radiation exposure.

question

People who immigrate to the United States eventually develop the same kinds of cancer as those born in the United States because of:

answer

changes in dietary habits.

question

A relationship has been established between risk of breast cancer and high dietary intake of:

answer

fat.

question

Emotional stress plays a role in the development of cancer via:

answer

neuroendocrine effects.

question

The cellular components of the immune system that are derived from the thymus are the:

answer

T cells.

question

The cells that are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of antibodies are:

answer

B cells (comes from Bone marrow)

question

The cells that activate phagocytes are

answer

T cells.

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Physical changes in the body that result from impaired immune system integrity include atrophy of the liver, spleen, and:

answer

bone marrow.

question

The class of nutrients that is primarily responsible for maintaining tissue integrity and immunocompetence is:

answer

protein.

question

The surgical approach to treatment of cancer is used primarily to:

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remove operable tumors.

question

The type of cancer therapy that can involve the use of radioactive isotopes is:

answer

radiation

question

Major disadvantages of abdominal radiation include:

answer

adverse effects on bowel function.

question

Chemotherapeutic agents arrest tumors by:

answer

disrupting normal cell reproduction.

question

Types of body tissues that are most adversely affected by chemotherapeutic drugs include:

answer

gastrointestinal mucosal cells.

question

Clients who receive chemotherapeutic drugs often develop:

answer

anemia.

question

The term stomatitis refers to an inflammation of the:

answer

oral mucosa.

question

The systemic effects of cancer may result in:

answer

negative nitrogen balance.

question

The greatest interference with normal food intake is caused by treatment of cancer in the:

answer

head and neck

question

True or False: Treatment of cancer in the head and neck often interferes with food ingestion, by affecting appetite, chewing, saliva production, sense of taste and smell, and/or swallowing. Treatment of the other types of cancer may or may not have nutrition-related effects.

answer

True

question

Loss of taste sensation is most likely to occur when cancer patients are treated using:

answer

radiation.

question

Abdominal radiation therapy can produce:

answer

general malabsorption.

question

Clients who receive chemotherapeutic drugs often develop anemia because of:

answer

bone marrow depression.

question

Patients who undergo pancreatectomy are likely to develop:

answer

type 1 diabetes mellitus.

question

Compounds found in plants that help inhibit the process of carcinogenesis include:

answer

phytochemicals.

question

The primary goal of nutrition care for clients who have cancer is:

answer

maintaining nutritional status.

question

An appropriate amount of fat intake for cancer patients in later stages of disease is:

answer

based on maintaining adequate energy intake.

question

To counteract the hypermetabolic state of cancer, it is most important for clients to increase their intake of:

answer

carbohydrate.

question

For clients who have cancer, additional dietary protein is needed to:

answer

regenerate tissue.

question

The vitamins that are essential for building new tissues are:

answer

vitamins A and C.

question

Adequate fluid intake is important in the nutrition plan of care for clients who have cancer to replace gastrointestinal losses and:

answer

promote excretion of metabolic breakdown products.

question

The preferred route of feeding for clients who have cancer is:

answer

normal oral intake.

question

The approach to nutritional management of clients who have cancer that is usually tolerated best is:

answer

frequent small meals and snacks.

question

Clients who develop a sore mouth will tolerate foods best that are:

answer

cool or cold.

question

Dry foods may be helpful to a patient who has:

answer

nausea.

question

An example of an appropriate snack for a patient with xerostomia is:

answer

yogurt smoothie.

question

rue or False: Xerostomia means "dry mouth." Patients with dry mouths will find it easiest to eat foods that contain plenty of liquid, such as a yogurt smoothie. The smoothie is a better snack than herbal tea because the smoothie is nutrient dense; herbal tea provides only fluid with no other nutrients. Granola bars and popcorn would be too dry for a patient with dry mouth, making them hard to chew and swallow.

answer

True

question

For the client who has reduced salivary secretions and difficulty swallowing, the approach that is most likely to be helpful is:

answer

blending food into a semiliquid form.

question

The kinds of food that can exacerbate nausea are:

answer

sweet.

question

Patients with cancer experience nutrition-related problems caused by the disease process itself and by:

answer

medical treatment of the disease.

question

The approach that is most likely to be helpful in diet planning with a client who has cancer is:

answer

using personal food preferences to select nutrient-dense foods.

question

Dietary guidelines that may help prevent development of cancer include:

answer

limiting intake of high-fat foods

question

The American Cancer Society estimates that two thirds of all cases of cancer in the United States are caused by:

answer

inhaled smoke and ingested food.

Nutrition Ch 25 – Flashcards

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