Nutrients Minerals That Are Added To Soil To – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers
question
nutrients that plants absorb through their roots that assist in growth and development
answer
mineral
question
a mixture of substances containing minerals that are added to soil to help keep plants healthy
answer
fertilizer
question
The three minerals in fertilizers found in the largest amounts are known as
answer
macronutrients
question
The three minerals in fertilizers found in the largest amounts are known as
answer
macronutrients
question
The ten minerals in fertilizers in small amounts (also called trace elements) are called
answer
micronutrients
question
The genus of plants in the mustard family that the Wisconsin Fast Plants belong to
answer
Brassica
question
The process of breeding plants and animals for specific traits
answer
selective breeding
question
What are the three macronutrients?
answer
nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium
question
The process by which a seed becomes a plant
answer
germination
question
Inactive, as in a seed
answer
dormant
question
protective covering on a seed
answer
seed coat
question
tiny beginnings in a seed of root, stem and leaves
answer
embryo
question
food storing tissue in a seed
answer
endosperm
question
seed leaves, which in dicots also contains the food storing tissue
answer
cotyledon
question
plants whose seeds have one seed leaf (also parallel veins, fibrous root systems and flower parts in multiples of 3)
answer
monocot
question
plants whose seeds have two seed leaves (also branching veins, taproot systems and flower parts in multiples of fours and fives)
answer
dicot
question
the first root that emerges from a seed
answer
primary root
question
microscopic, fingerlike extensions of the outer root cells that increase surface area for the absorption of water and minerals
answer
root hairs
question
roots that branch off of the primary root
answer
secondary roots
question
process by which true leaves use energy from the sun to manufacture glucose
answer
photosynthesis
question
What can cause some seeds to NOT germinate?
answer
not enough oxygen, too cold, not enough water, fungus
question
Who helped develop the Wisconsin Fast Plant?
answer
Dr. Williams
question
what are some special qualities of the Fast Plant?
answer
quick (6-week)life cycle, grows best in constant light, produces a lot of seeds, been to outer space
question
How was the Fast Plant developed?
answer
Selective breeding, by cross-pollinating only the plants that grew the fastest
question
What are the four stages of the cabbage white life cycle?
answer
egg, larva, pupa and adult
question
Which stage is sexually mature?
answer
Only the adult
question
What is the main function of the larval stage?
answer
to eat
question
What occurs in the pupal stage?
answer
Metamorphosis
question
Why do larva molt?
answer
The exoskeleton cannot grow, so it is shed and a baggier skin will be underneath.
question
What is Lepidoptera?
answer
The order of insects that butterflies belong to; it means "scale wing"
question
What is larval waste called?
answer
Frass
question
Shedding of the exoskeleton (outer skin)
answer
molting
question
What is frass made of?
answer
Parts of undigested plant tissue.
question
Which leaf did most of the larva prefer in the experiment?
answer
Fast plant or cabbage
question
What was the IV in the larva experiment?
answer
The types of leaves
question
What was the DV in the larva experiment?
answer
Which leaf the larva preferred
question
What are some constants in the larva experiment?
answer
The size of the leaves, their distance from the larva and amount of time the larva had to choose each leaf
question
How do insects choose what to eat?
answer
odor and taste, caused by chemicals in plants
question
what are some members of the Brassicacaea (mustard) family?
answer
radishes, turnips, mustard greens, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and brussel sprouts
question
What are the chemicals in plants of the mustard family that cause the strong odors?
answer
glucosides
question
What is an entemologist?
answer
a scientist that studies insects
question
What is the main job of glucosides?
answer
to make the plants unappetizing - and it works (for most insects)
question
What does an adult cabbage white butterfly eat?
answer
nectar
question
the mouth part of an adult butterfly is called
answer
proboscis
question
Do butterflies see color?
answer
Yes, they preferred blue over the other colors.
question
What was the IV in the nectar color experiment?
answer
The colors of the nectar.
question
What was the DV in the nectar color experiment?
answer
The amount of each that was eaten (by counting the number of drops of waste of each color)
question
What were some controlled variables (constants) in the nectar color experiment?
answer
The nectar recipe, the time that the butterflies had access to the colors.
question
female reproductive part of a flower
answer
pistil
question
male reproductive part of a flower
answer
stamen
question
stem-like structure of a stamen
answer
filament
question
top portion of a stamen
answer
anther
question
sticky top of a pistil
answer
stigma
question
the stem-like part of a pistil
answer
style
question
the bottom of a pistil
answer
ovary
question
What is the function of the ovary?
answer
produce eggs (ovules)
question
what is a perfect flower?
answer
one with both male and female parts
question
What is an imperfect flower?
answer
one without both male and female parts
question
process of pollen from an anther contacting the stigma of a pistil
answer
pollination
question
if the pollen is transferred to a stigma of the same plant
answer
self-pollination
question
if the pollen is transferred to a stigma of a different plant
answer
cross-pollination
question
union of a sperm nucleus and an egg nucleus
answer
fertilization
question
What must happen after pollination before fertilization can occur?
answer
Sperm nuclei must travel down the pollen tubes and into the ovary
question
a structure that developed from the ovary of a flower; it protects seeds and can assist in dispersal
answer
fruit
question
How do flowers promote their own pollination?
answer
bright petal colors, unique aromas
question
What will a fertilized egg (ovule) develop into?
answer
a seed
question
reproduction with one parent, in which the offspring are identical to the parent
answer
asexual reproduction
question
reproduction with a male and female parent in which the offspring are different from (a genetic recombinaton of) the two parents
answer
sexual reproduction
question
examples of asexual reproduction
answer
budding, runners, cuttings, bulbs, binary fission
question
when amoeba or other simple organisms reproduce asexaully by splitting in two (cell division) it is known as
answer
binary fission
question
type of asexual reproduction in which outgrowths on an organism eventually break off and become self-sufficient
answer
budding
question
an advantage of asexual reproduction
answer
convenient - only one parent
question
a disadvantage of asexual reproduction
answer
cannot improve the quality of the species
question
an advantage of sexual reproduction
answer
increases diversity through genetic recombination
question
a disadvantage of sexual reproduction
answer
requires union of male and female (is less convenient- have to wait for pollination or other actions)
question
the broad, flat part of a leaf
answer
blade
question
the narrow, stem-like part of a leaf
answer
petiole
question
small, tube-like structures that carry water and other substances throughout a plant
answer
vein
question
a thin, tough layer of cells on the outer surface of a leafs blade
answer
epidermis
question
a waxy covering on the upper surface of most leaves that protects from injury and water loss
answer
cuticle
question
the middle cells of a leaf that have roles in photosynthesis
answer
mesophyll
question
an opening between two guard cells
answer
stoma
question
multiple openings (the plural for stoma)
answer
stomata
question
a pair of sausage/oval shaped cells on lower surface of most leaves that control formation of stomata
answer
guard cells
question
the process by which water passes out of the stomata of a leaf and into the environment
answer
transpiration
question
process by which chlorophyll containing cells (chloroplasts) trap and use energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide and water into glucose for food, releasing oxygen as a waste product
answer
photosynthesis
question
food produced through photosynthesis, stored in the plant cells until needed
answer
glucose
question
tightly packed cells of mesophyll that contains lots of chloroplasts for photosyhnthesis
answer
palisade cells
question
loose area of mesophyll providing room for water, oxygen and carbon dioxide to travel within the leaf
answer
spongy layer
question
a pair of guard cells and the stoma they form
answer
stomatal unit
question
What are the ingredients for photosynthesis?
answer
energy from sunlight, water from roots, carbon dioxide from air
question
What is formed from photosynthesis?
answer
glucose and oxygen
question
What comes in stomata?
answer
carbon dioxide
question
What goes out stomata?
answer
water and oxygen
question
How does a stoma open?
answer
If the leaf has too much water, water will enter the guard cells causing the to swell and buckle. The opening formed is the stoma.
question
How does a stoma close?
answer
As excess water is released out the stoma, the guard cells start to lose water and unswell. The gradually closes the stoma.
