Nursing Theorist: Jean Watson (theory Of Transpersonal Nursing; – Flashcards

Where was Watson born?

What is Watson the founder of?

What fields does Watson have an undergraduate and graduate degrees in?

What does Watson have a PhD in?

What areas were Watson's field of research in?

> Means "caring with love" > Originates from the term "caritas" which means to cherish, appreciate, and give special attention > A guide for the core of nursing > Guide for the core of nursing > Uses the term to contrast with conventional medicine's curative factors > Attempt to honor the human dimensions of nursing's work and the inner life world and subjective experiences of the people we serve

1. The formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values 2. The instillation of faith-hope 3. the cultivation of sensitivity to one's self and to others 4. The development of a helping-trust relationship 5. The promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings 6. The systematic use of the scientific problem-solving method for decision making 7. The promotion of interpersonal teaching-learning 8. The provision for a supportive, protective, and corrective mental, physical, sociocultural and spiritual environment 9. Assistance with the gratification of human needs 10. The allowance of existential-phenomenological forces

> Begins developmentally at an early age with values shared with the parents > Mediated through ones own life experiences, the learning one gains and exposure to the humanities > Is perceived as necessary to the nurse's own maturation which then promotes altruistic behavior towards others

> Is essential to both the carative and the curative processes > When modern science has nothing further to offer the person, the nurse can continue to use this to provide a sense of well-being through beliefs which are meaningful to the individual

> Explores the need of the nurse to begin to feel an emotion as it presents itself > Development of one's own feeling is needed to interact genuinely and sensitively with others > Striving to become sensitive > Makes the nurse more authentic which encourages self-growth and self-actualization, in both the nurse and those with whom the nurse interacts > The nurse promotes health and higher level functioning only when they form person to person relationship

> Strongest tool is the mode of communication which establishes rapport and caring > Communication includes verbal, nonverbal and listening in a manner which connotes empathetic understanding > Characteristics: -Congruence -Empathy -Warmth

> "Feelings alter thoughts and behavior and they need to be considered and allowed for in a caring relationship" > Such expression improve one's level of awareness > Awareness of the feelings helps to understand the behavior it engenders

> The scientific problem-solving method is the only method that allows for control and prediction that permits self-correction > Also values the relative nature of nursing > Supports the need to examine and develop the other methods of knowing to provide a holistic experience > Science of care should not be always neutral and objective

> The caring nurse must focus on the learning process as much as the teaching process > Understanding the person's perception of the situation assists the nurse to prepare a cognitive plan

> Watson divides these into external and internal variables which the nurse manipulates in order to provide support and protection for the person's mental and physical well-being > The external and internal environments are interdependent > Suggests that the nurse also must provide comfort, privacy and safety as part of this carative factor

> It is grounded in a hierarchy of need similar to that of Maslow's > Created a hierarchy which she believes is relevant to the science of caring in nursing > Each need is equally important for quality nursing care and the promotion of optimal health > All needs deserve to be attended to and valued

> Phenomenology > Existential Psychology > This factor helps the nurse to reconcile and mediate the incongruity of viewing the person holistically while at the same time attending to the hierarchical ordering of needs > The nurse assists the person to find the strength or courage to confront life or death > Later, Watson introduced the concept of "clinical caritas" which has now replaced her carative factors

A way of understanding of people from the way things appear to them for their frame of reference

The study of human existence using phenomenological analysis

> Characterized by the nurse's moral commitment in protecting and enhancing human dignity as well as the deeper/higher self > The nurse's caring consciousness communicated to preserve and honor the embodied spirit therefore, not reducing the person to the moral status of an object > The nurse's caring consciousness and connection having the potential to heal since experience, perception and intentional connection are taking place