Nursing Management of Pain During Labor and Birth – Flashcards
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Effleurage
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stroking of the abdomen, thighs or other body parts
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Endorphins
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internal substances similar to morphine
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Focal Point
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intense concentration on an object
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Pain Threshold
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least amount of stimulation that aperson perceives as painful
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Pain Tolerance
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maximum amount of pain one is willing to bear
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Four physical factors that cause pain during labor
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dilation and stretching of the cervix, reduced uterine blood supply during contractions, pressure of the fetus on pelvic structures, stretching of the vagina and perineum
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Cervical Readiness
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changes that facilitate effacement and dilation in labor
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Pelvic size and shape
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abnormalities can result in a longer labor and greater maternal fatigue
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Labor intensity
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short, intense laobr often experiences more pain than the woman whose birth process is more gradual
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Maternal Fatigue
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reduces pain tolerance
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Fetal Presentation and position
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a wedge to efface and dilate teh cervix as each contraction pushes it downward
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Education about expected changes
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contribute to good outcomes
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Conditioning exercise
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prepare muscles for the demands of birth
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Promoting a woman's relaxation during labor is essential to any tyupe of pain management because
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it consciously relaxes despite the deliberate pain
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Reasons why it is useful for any laboring woman to know nonpharmacologic pain control methods
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decrease fear and anxiety, reduces the pleasure of this extraordinary experience
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Why promoting a woman's relaxation during labor is essential to any type of pain management
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it consciously relaxes despite the deliberate pain
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Ways to help the laboring woman relax
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adjust enviornment, water in a tub or shower, massage area
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Hyperventilation
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breathe slowly, and into cupped hands
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Anesthesiologist
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a physcian who specializes in giving anesthesia
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Certified registered nurse anesthetist
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a registered nurse who has advanced training in anesthetic administration
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Why is it usually best t o avoid opioid narcotic analgesics if birth is anticipated within 1 hour of administration
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can cause respiratory depression and sedation in newborn
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What is the purpose of narcan
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acts within minyutes to help resuscitage a newborn who has respiratory depression. So take VS
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Which technique should be most helpful in interrupting transmission of labor pain to the brain
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focusing on a point in the room
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Choose the best method during the admission process to help relieve general anxiety for a woman having her first baby who has not attended prepared childbirth classes
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give simple explanations about her enviornment and what to expect during labor
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Butorphanol differs from meperidine in that butorphanol
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better reduces teh pain of late labor
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The newborn of a woman who receives narcotic analgesics during labor should be observed primarily for
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slow respirations
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A woman asks if she should take prepared childbirth classes. The best response of the nurse is to tell her that classes will
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provide methods to help her cope with labor
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Th prepared childbirth technique that is most likely to relieve back pain during labor is
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sacral pressure
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A woman is using prepared childbirth breathing techniques and complains of dizziness and tingling. the nurse should
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tell her to exhale slowly into her cupped hands
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Types of Anesthesia for childbirth
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anesthetic method, local infiltration, pudendal block, epidural block, subarachnoid block, general anesthesia
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Signs and symptoms of hyperventilation
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dizziness, tingling of hands and feet, cramps and muscle spasms of hands, numbness around nose and mouth, blurring of vision
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Ways to correct hyperventilation
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breathe slowly, breathe into cupped hands, place a moist washcloth over the mouth and nose while breathing, hold breath for a few seconds before exhaling
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The meninges around the spinal cord
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dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
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The nurse should observe the woman who received epidural opioid narcotics for
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late respiratory depression
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Types of education classes available
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gestational diabetes mellitus, early pregnancy, exercise for pregnant women, infant care, breastfeeding, sibling, grandparent, adolescent childbirth
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Variations of Basic childbirth preparation classes
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refresher, cesarean birth, vaginal birth after cesarean
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Content of Childbirth Preparation Classes
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benefits of exercise, pain control for labor
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How childbirth pain differs from other pain
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part of a normal birth process, woman has several months to prepare for pain management, is self-limiting and rapidly declines after birth
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Factors that influence labor pain
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pain threshold, sources of pain during labor, central nervous system's factors, maternal conditions, fetal presentation and position
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Central nervous system's factors
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gate control theory, endorphins
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Maternal conditions
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cervical readiness, pelvis, albor intensity, fatigue
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Methods of childbirth preparation
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dick-read, bradley, lamaze
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Nonpharmacological pain relief measures
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progressive relaxation, neuromuscular dissociation, touch relaxation, relaxation against pain, effleurage, sacral pressure, thermal stimulation, positioning, diversion and distraction, hydrotherapy
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Breathing
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first, second stage
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First stage breathing
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slow-paced, modified paced, patterned paced
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Signs and symptoms of hyperventilation
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dizziness, tingling of hands and feet, cramps and muscle spasms of hands, numbness around nose and mouth, blurring of vision
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Corrective measures of hyperventilation
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breathe slowly, especially when exhaling, breathe into cupped hands, place a moist washcloth over the mouth and nose while breathing, hold breath for a frew seconds before exhaling
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Don't interfere when
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a woman is successfully using a sfafe, nonpharmacological pain control technique
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Analgesics and adjunctive drugs
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narcotic, narcotic antagonist, adjuntive drugs
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Meninges around the spinal cord
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dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
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Types of anesthesia for childbirth
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anestetic, local infiltration, pudendal block, epidural block, subarachonoid block, general anestesia
