question

Well-deﬁned groups-

answer

built around the nucleus of family relationships, wandered in search of food, warmth, and an environment that supported life.

question

built around the nucleus of family relationships, wandered in search of food, warmth, and an environment that supported life.

answer

Well-defined groups

question

In early medicine practices what were consistent among primitive groups in the Premeditation were?(2)

answer

1.strong beliefs in the power of the Gods. 2.sickness and suffering attributed to presence of evil spirits.

question

How were evil evil spirits were dealt with in vari-ous ways:(3)

answer

performance incantations and dances making offerings and sacrifices working with medicine men who performed magic.

question

Health rules were often part of the ___ codes which gave them authority. A sound theory of disease was ____ from most early cultures.

answer

religious absent

question

What were characteristics of Egypt in 3000 B.C. health practices?(5)

answer

1.earliest medical records, dating back as far as 2.3000 BC, which included more than 3.700 classiﬁed drugs 4.Developed a system of community planning 5.Established strict rules: regarding cleanliness, food, drink, exercise, and sexual relations

question

Which ancient civilization is accreditted with being one of the healthiest ancient civilizations?

answer

Egypt 3000 B.C.

question

What were characteristics of Ancient Israel 1900 BC health practices? (6)

answer

1.Mosaic Code- by Moses organized method of disease prevention 2.Isolated people with communicable diseases 3.Differentiated clean from unclean 4.Dietary Rules 5.Not eating Meat after the 3rd day of slaughter 6.Priest functioned as health inspectors

question

1.Mosaic Codes-

answer

Organized method of Disease Prevention in Ancient Israel 1900 BC

question

What ancient civilization created these health practices? 1.Mosaic Code- by Moses organized method of disease prevention 2.Isolated people with communicable diseases 3.Differentiated clean from unclean 4.Dietary Rules 5.Not eating Meat after the 3rd day of slaughter 6.Priest functioned as health inspectors

answer

Ancient Israel 1900 B.C.

question

What ancient civilization is responsible for these health practices? 1.earliest medical records, dating back as far as 2.3000 BC, which included more than 3.700 classiﬁed drugs 4.Developed a system of community planning 5.Established strict rules: regarding cleanliness, food, drink, exercise, and sexual relations

answer

Ancient Egypt 3000 B.C.

question

What are characteristics of health practices for in Babylonia 2100 BC?(3)

answer

1.Beliefs are study of nature, beliefs in potency of numbers and observations. 2.Believed illness was a punishment for sin and used incantations and herbs for purification surgery more advanced than internal medicine 3.Developed Code of Hammurabi- 1st sliding scale for payment based on class.

question

What civilization has these medical practices? 1.Beliefs are study of nature, beliefs in potency of numbers and observations. 2.Believed illness was a punishment for sin and used incantations and herbs for purification surgery more advanced than internal medicine 3.Developed Code of Hammurabi- 1st sliding scale for payment based on class.

answer

Babylonia 2100 BC

question

Code of Hammurabi-

answer

1st sliding scale for payment based on class.

question

How did Babylonia treat illness?

answer

incantations herbs

question

What were characteristics of Assyria 745-635 BC? (2)

answer

1.Believed in good and evil spirits, magic, and superstition, and in many gods; 2.ill health was viewed as a punishment for sin

question

How did Assyria view Illness?

answer

Illness was viewed as a punishment for sin.

question

Which Ancient civilization was more advanced in surgery than internal Medicine?

answer

Babylonia

question

What are the characteristics of Persia 600-300 BC for medical practices

answer

1.adopted many medical practices of the lands they conquered. 2.established early schools for priest-physicians 3.Zoroaster introduced two creators

question

What ancient civilization has these characteristics of medicine practices?(3) 1.adopted many medical practices of the lands they conquered. 2.established early schools for priest-physicians 3.Zoroaster introduced two creators

answer

Persia 600-300 BC

question

What are characteristics of Greece 800-300 BC?

answer

1.wide array of gods who had human characteristics 2.divination of future and animal sacrifice to seek healing were common. 3. emphasized healthy body 4.Built exquisite temples- learning and healing occurred. 5.Xendochium insitutions to care for sick and injured 6.iatrion- offer ambulatory care 7.Home of Hippocrates 400 BC stressed natural cause of disease, patient centered apprach necessity of accurate observations and record keeping.

question

Xendochium-

answer

institutions to care for the sick and injured 800-300 B.C.

question

Iatrion-

answer

offfer ambulatory care

question

In what civilization and year was Hippocrates home appear?

answer

Greece 400 BC

question

What did the home of Hippocrates stress?(3)

answer

1.stressed natural cause of disease 2.patient centered approach 3.necessity of accurate observations and records.

question

Who stressed these (3) important characteristics? 1.stressed natural cause of disease 2.patient centered approach 3.necessity of accurate observations and records.

answer

Hippocrates

question

Who is known as the father of Modern Medicine?

answer

Hippocrates

question

What civilizations has these characteristics? 1.wide array of gods who had human characteristics 2.divination of future and animal sacrifice to seek healing were common. 3. emphasized healthy body 4.Built exquisite temples- learning and healing occurred. 5.Xendochium insitutions to care for sick and injured 6.iatrion- offer ambulatory care 7.Home of Hippocrates 400 BC stressed natural cause of disease, patient centered apprach necessity of accurate observations and record

answer

Greece 300-800 BC

question

What are characteristics of the Romans Rome's 800 BC to 476 AD medical practices? (5)

answer

1.Borrowed medical practices from conquered countries. 2.Physicians were slaves 3.Patheon Gods similar to the Greeks. 4.When faced with illness sacrifice and herbs. 5.Emphasized Bathing Hand Hygiene Practiced advanced hygiene and sanitation

question

Which civilization had these medical practices? 1.Borrowed medical practices from conquered countries. 2.Physicians were slaves 3.Patheon Gods similar to the Greeks. 4.When faced with illness sacrifice and herbs. 5.Emphasized Bathing Hand Hygiene Practiced advanced hygiene and sanitation

answer

Romans 800 BC to 476 AD

question

Which ancient civilization made physicians slaves?

answer

Romans 800 BC to 476 AD

question

which ancient civilization emphasized bathing?

answer

Romans 800 BC 476AD

question

What were (4)characteristics of india's health care practices? (3000-1500 BC)

answer

1. Highly developed systems of sanitation: bathrooms, public baths, and other amenities 2.1500 BC Vedic worship of Brahama (Brahmanism or Hinduism) 3.Vedas- source of information about health practices and considered the oldest known 4 hygiene and prevention of sickness, procedures of major and minor surgery, children's disease, disease of the nervous and urinary system.

question

What ancient civilization around 3000-1500 BC had these healthcare practices? 1. Highly developed systems of sanitation: bathrooms, public baths, and other amenities 2.1500 BC Vedic worship of Brahama (Brahmanism or Hinduism) 3.Vedas- source of information about health practices and considered the oldest known 4 hygiene and prevention of sickness, procedures of major and minor surgery, children's disease, disease of the nervous and urinary system.

answer

India

question

What ancient civilization is responsible for the book Vedas?

answer

India

question

What does the contents of the book of Vedas contain in it?(4)

answer

Hygiene and prevention of sickness Procedures of minor and major surgeries child's diseases diseases of the nervous and urinary system

question

What ancient civilization's book contains this content? Hygiene and prevention of sickness Procedures of minor and major surgeries child's diseases diseases of the nervous and urinary system

answer

The book of Vedas

question

What happened during the period of Buddhism 500BC? (6)

answer

advance understanding of: 1.Disease prevention 2.Hygiene and sanitation 3.Medicine 4.Surgery 5.Prenatal care was emphasized for mother and 6.Public Hospitals mostly had male Staff Nurses

question

What civilization are these characteristics of healthcare practices of? advance understanding of: 1.Disease prevention 2.Hygiene and sanitation 3.Medicine 4.Surgery 5.Prenatal care was emphasized for mother and 6.Public Hospitals mostly had male Staff Nurses

answer

Buddhism

question

What ancient civilization emphasized prental care for mothers?

answer

Buddhism 500 BC

question

What ancient civilization had mostly male staffed nurse?

answer

Buddhism 500 BC

question

What are characteristics of China 3000-249 BC health care practices

answer

1.elaborate materia medica identified drugs of stiil used today 2.acupunture 3.studied circulation 4.approach to examination: look listen feel 5.Bath for reducing fever 6.Blood letting used to release evil spirits from the body

question

What ancient civilization created these health care practices? 1.elaborate materia medica identified drugs of stiil used today 2.acupunture 3.studied circulation 4.approach to examination: look listen feel 5.Bath for reducing fever 6.Blood letting used to release evil spirits from the body

answer

China 3000 BC- 249 BC

question

What ancient civilization is responsible for accupuncture?

answer

China

question

What ancient civilization is responsible for studying circulation?

answer

China

question

What ancient civilization is responsible for approach to examination Look, Listen and Feel?

answer

China

question

What ancient civilization is responsible for blood letting to release evil spirits?

answer

China

question

Who developed the religion Islam in Arabia 570 AD?

answer

Muhammad's teachings: 1.strict rules of living 2.dedicated to cleanliness 3. eating 4. Human interactions

question

What did the Muhammad's teaching of Islam emphasized?(4)

answer

Muhammad's teachings: 1.strict rules of living 2.dedicated to cleanliness 3. eating 4. Human interactions

question

Mayan and Aztec civilizations 2000-1000 BC?(4)

answer

1.Health viewed as balance between men and nature and supernatural. 2.Rites, ceremonies, herbal treatment, charms and human sacrifice contributed to healing practices 3.Medicine Man 1st shaman and then priests 4.Curing ills of the body and mind

question

Which ancient civilization had these health care practices? 1.Health viewed as balance between men and nature and supernatural. 2.Rites, ceremonies, herbal treatment, charms and human sacrifice contributed to healing practices 3.Medicine Man 1st shaman and then priests 4.Curing ills of the body and mind

answer

Mayan and Aztec civilizations 2000 -1000 BC

question

Which ancient civilization viewed Health as balance between men and nature and supernatural.

answer

Mayan and Aztec civilizations 2000 -1000 BC

question

What ancient civilization used these traditions rites, ceremonies, herbal treatment, charms and human sacrifice contributed to healing practices

answer

Mayan and Aztec civilizations 2000 -1000 BC

question

What ancient civilization had medicine men that later became priests?

answer

Mayan and Aztec civilizations 2000 -1000 BC

question

It was not until the early ____ period that nursing as we think of it today began to develop.

answer

Christian

question

What are the (3) types of heritages from the past that impeded development of nursing in today world as proffession?

answer

1.folk image 2.religious image 3.servant image

question

Folk image-

answer

folk image of the nurse brought forward from primitive times

question

the religious image of the nurse-

answer

image of the nurse inherited from the medieval period

question

Servant image of the nurse-

answer

Servant image of the nurse created by the Protestant-capitalist ethic from the 16th-19th century?

question

The folk image of the nurse-primary responsibilities focused on: (6)

answer

nourishing and nurturing children caring for the elderly care aging family members trial and error learned skills caring person uses common sense to help the sick and individual

question

What image of nursing is this? nourishing and nurturing children caring for the elderly care aging family members trial and error learned skills caring person uses common sense to help the sick and individual

answer

Folk image of nursing

question

The religious image of nursing primary concern were:(4)

answer

Organized with the establishment of churches in the Christian era with their primary concern focused on: 1.care for the sick, the poor, orphans, widows, the aged, slaves, and prisoners. 2.Deaconesses of the Eastern Christian Church Order of Widows and the Order of Virgins, monastic orders including the Benedictines, which still exist. 3.The ﬁrst hospitals were also developed at this time, being located close to monasteries. 4.The Crusades (1096-1291) witnessed the founding of military nursing orders, such as the Knights Hospitallers of St. John, the Knights Templars, and the Knights of the Teutonic Order. *Nurses in this setting were expected to devote their lives to caring and to exhibit selﬂess commitment based upon their religious faith.

question

What happened in the crusades during the during the religious image ?

answer

The founding of military nursing orders Nurses in this setting were expected to devote their lives to caring and exhibit selfless commitment based upon their religious faith.

question

What were the (3) nursing orders during the crusades?

answer

1.Knights Hospitallers of St. John 2.Knights of Templar 3.Knights of the Teutonic Order

question

What folk image of nursing do these nursing orders happen? 1.Knights Hospitallers of St. John 2.Knights of Templar 3.Knights of the Teutonic Order

answer

Religious image of nursing Crusades

question

What image of nursing had the 1st hospital developed?

answer

The religious image of nursing

question

What happened during the servant image of nursing?(2)

answer

1.Reformation of women- women confined to the home, Bearing children and caring for the home 3.Hospital relegated to uncommon women prisoners prostitutes and drunks people not status of society and did distasteful tasks 3.Dark Ages of nursing

question

What author and book is responsible for greatly influenced nursing as a profession during the servant time frame or Dark Ages of nursing?

answer

Martin Chuzzlewit Charles Dickens Description of Sairey Gamp and Betsy

question

Who were the nurses in the hospital during the Dark period of nursing?(3)

answer

prisoners, prostitutes, and drunks

question

What movement happened to women during the servant image of nursing?

answer

Reformation

question

What was the role of women after the reformation movement?(3)

answer

1.women confine to the home 2.bear children 3. take care of the home

question

Sisters of Charity in France- Who helped the sisters of Charity

answer

recruited and educated young intelligent women to care for abandoned children and hospital care St. Vincent De Paul

question

In 1809, the Sisters of Charity established?

answer

nursing order in the United States under the direction of Elizabeth Bayley Seton.

question

Sisters of the Holy Cross and the United States Founded in 1839 in Le Mans-

answer

1.provided care to the sick in hospital and orphanages

question

Catholic Religious Orders in Mexico and South America?(4)

answer

1.Several Roman Catholic religious groups traveled to the Americas 2.1524 1st hospital on the American continent Hospital of Immaculate Conception in Mexico and mission colleges founded 3.1578 University of Mexico- Before 1600 2nd at University of Lima

question

What happened when several Roman Catholic religious groups traveled to the Americas:(2) 2.1524? 4.1578?

answer

1524 1sthospital on the American Continent Hospital of Immaculate Conception in Mexico 1578 University of Mexico

question

What did Ursuline Sisters in Canada do:

answer

Accompanied Augustinian nuns from France to Quebec, Canada in 1639 to staff the Hotel-Dieu-de Quebec (a hospital which opened that year), and organized the ﬁrst training of nurses on the North American continent, teaching the native women to care for their families during a smallpox epidemic.

question

Deaconesses at Kaiserwerth, Germany and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Led by Theodore Fliedner (1800-1864) with the assistance of his ﬁrst wife, the Christian deaconess movement was revived?

answer

Christian deaconess movement was revived in Germany in 1836 and a training institute was reestablished. Deaconesses cared for the sick, made visitations, worked in the parish, and taught.

question

Part of the Deaconesses movemnet at Kaiserwerth, Germany in 1849 Pastor Fliedner traveled to the Motherhouse of Kaiserwerth in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. What did the Deaconess do their?

answer

The Deaconesses managed Pittsburgh Inﬁ rmary, which later became Passavant Hospital, the ﬁrst Protestant hospital in the United States

question

What (3) nursing institutes where establish during the 1700s bc of the Nursing Sisters in Eng-land and Ireland?

answer

1.Institute of Nursing Sisters-secular group was organized in England 2.Sisters of Mercy A Roman Catholic group formed in 1824 3.Irish Sisters of Charity A roman Catholic group formed in 1815 by Mary Aiken

question

Institute of Nursing Sisters, a secular group, was organized in England by _____ (1780-1845).Sisters of Mercy: A Roman Catholic group formed in 1827 by ______ (1787-1841).Irish Sisters of Charity: A Roman Catholic group formed in 1815 by _____

answer

Elizabeth Fry Catherine McAuley Mary Aiken

question

Where was Nursing establish as a profession in the 19 th century and by who?

answer

England by Florence Nightingale

question

Who did Florence Nightingale met that along her travels that was interested in hospital reforms?

answer

met Sidney Herbert and his wife, who were interested in hospital reform.

question

Florence Nightingale spent 3 months studying where?Why?

answer

Kaiser It was a nursing training institute and nurses were providing care

question

In 1853, she Florence Nightingale began working with a committee that supervised? an "" After the Crimean War began in

answer

Establishment for Gentlewomen During Illness.

question

As Florence Nightingale's knowledge of hospitals and nursing reform grew, she was consulted by reformers and physicians for what?

answer

reformers and physicians were being to see the need for trained nurses.

question

After the Crimean War began in March 1854, war correspondents communicating through the newly developed telegraph wrote about the abominable conditions in which the British Army cared for sick and wounded soldiers. Florence Nightingale, by then a recognized author-ity on hospital care, wrote to her friend Sir Sidney Herbert, who was then Secretary of War, and offered?

answer

To take a group of 38 nurses to the Crimea. (At the same time, he had written a letter proposing that she assume direction of all nursing operations at the war front. Their letters crossed in the mail.) Her tireless efforts in the Crimea resulted in greatly reduced mortality rates among the sick and wounded. There is a museum in her honor in the barracks where she worked in what is now part of Istanbul, Turkey.

question

After Florence came home from the war she got very sick. What were the suspected disease?(3)

answer

Chronic Brurcellosis Neurosis Traumatic stress disorder

question

After the Crimean war was over Florence nightingale did what?

answer

she retreated to her bedroom and, for the next 43 years, conducted her extensive involvement in healthcare from her secluded apartment.

question

However, more recent research indicates after the Crimean war Florence Nightingale had a greater personal involvement in nursing in her later years including:(5)

answer

1.Provided care to the villagers at Lea Hurst (a family summer home). 2.She cared for her mother, sister, and extended family members; provided nursing to Holloway villagers; and reformed nursing at Buxton Hospital where her patients were admitted (MacQueen, 2007). 3.Florence Nightingale wrote extensively about hospitals, sanita-tion, health, and health statistics (creating the ﬁ rst pie chart), and especially about nursing and nursing education. 4. Notes on Nursing, published in 1859. 5.St. Thomas was her education reform

question

Who wrote the book notes on nursing?

answer

Florence Nightingale

question

Florence Nightingale reform of the nurs-ing system and nursing education eventually spread to many nations.In 1860, she devoted her efforts to the creation of a school of nursing at _________in London, ﬁnanced by the Nightingale Fund, established to honor her work in the Crimea.

answer

St. Thomas' Hospital in London

question

What were the basic principle Florence Nightingale established her school on?(6)

answer

• Nurses would be trained in teaching hospitals associated with medical schools and orga-nized for that purpose. • Nurses would be selected carefully and would reside in nurses' houses designed to encour-age discipline and form character .• The school matron would have ﬁ nal authority over the curriculum, living arrangements, and all other aspects of the school. • The curriculum would include both theoretic material and practical experience. • Teachers would be paid for their instruction. • Records would be kept on the students, who would be required to attend lectures, take quizzes, write papers, and keep diaries.

question

What nursing school was established off of these principles. • Nurses would be trained in teaching hospitals associated with medical schools and orga-nized for that purpose. • Nurses would be selected carefully and would reside in nurses' houses designed to encour-age discipline and form character .• The school matron would have ﬁ nal authority over the curriculum, living arrangements, and all other aspects of the school. • The curriculum would include both theoretic material and practical experience. • Teachers would be paid for their instruction. • Records would be kept on the students, who would be required to attend lectures, take quizzes, write papers, and keep diaries.

answer

St. Thomas' Hospital in London

question

Florence Nightingale believe nurses should spend their time?

answer

focusing on the caring of the patient more than cleanliness

question

IN 1907 Florence Nightingale received what honor by the Queen of England? What made this award extra special for Florence Nightingale?

answer

British Order of Merit. It was the ﬁ rst time it was given to a woman.

question

Florence Nightingale died in her sleep at the age of 90 on August 13, 1910. The week during which she was born is now honored as?I

answer

International Nurses Week

question

Who, is said to have initiated the ﬁrst system of instruction for nurses at New York Hospital?

answer

Dr. Valentine Seamen

question

What Dr. Valentines lecture topics include: (4)

answer

anatomy, physiol-ogy, maternal nursing, and care of children.

question

What did the 1839Philadelphia Dispensary—PhiladelphiaDr. Joseph Warrington provided:

answer

obstetric training to a group of women who would work with families who would otherwise not receive care. The Nurse Society of Philadelphia grew out of this training.

question

What grew out of the be of the Philadelphia Dispensary?

answer

Nurse Society of Philadelphia grew out of the training.

question

1861Bellevue Hospital—New YorkDr. Elizabeth Blackwell converted Bellevue Hospital into:

answer

A training center were about 100 women were trained to provide care during the Civil War in an intensive four week course

question

.1861-1862Woman's Hospital of Philadel-phia—PhiladelphiaOpened a training school, but it progressed slowly until 1872, when it became?

answer

endowed—the ﬁ rst endowed school of nursing in America. Organized and conducted by two female physicians.

question

1862 New England Hospital for Women and Children—BostonDr. Marie Zakrzewska, a colleague of Dr. Blackwell's, offered: a 6-month program to nurses.

answer

a 6-month program to nurses

question

1872 New England Training School—Boston An expansion of the New England Hospital Program was iden-tiﬁ ed as the ____ school for nurses, directed by Dr. Susan Dimock.

answer

formal school of nurses

question

What is a special about Mary Mahoney? And what school did she graduate from?

answer

Mary Mahoney first black nurse to graduate from nursing school. New England Hospital Program Boston

question

1873-MayBellevue Training School—New YorkFirst of a trio of schools modeled after the? Nightingale model—Lavinia Dock was one of the early graduates.1873-OctoberConnecticut Training School—New HavenSecond of the trio of schools started in 1873—introduced ﬁ rst textbook, New Haven Manual of Nursing, written by a com-mittee of nurses and physicians.

answer

1st trio of school modeled after the nightingale model of school.

question

What were the (3) school that were 1st modeled after the Nightingale model?

answer

MayBellevue Training school New York Connecticut Training School New Haven Boston Training School Boston

question

What school introduce the first nursing textbook?

answer

Connecticut Training School New Haven manual of nursing written by a committee of nurses and phsyicians

question

What group initiated the idea for the Boston Training School?

answer

Idea for school initiated by the Woman's Educational Association. Medical staff did not support initiation of the school.

question

1874St. Catharine's General and Marine Hospital—Ontario, Canada—later called the Mack Training SchoolPatterned after the Nightingale schools, this program curriculum consisted of: (5)

answer

included instruction in the art of nursing, chemistry, sanitary science, physiology, and anatomy.

question

1877Training School of the New York Hospital—New York Offered:?

answer

an 18-month course to prepare graduates for nursing.

question

1878Boston City Hospital Training School Boston Required graduates to complete:?

answer

a 2-year program of study

question

1884-1885Farrand Training School for Nurses—Harper Hospital, Detroit:What was their reputation and characteristics of the curriculum?

answer

Considered one of the better schools, students had two annual series of lectures, approximately 20 hours totally.

question

886Spelman Seminary—Atlanta: What was special about this school from an admission standpoint?

answer

The ﬁrst separate school to educate black nurses, who were often denied admission to other schools.

question

What was special about the admission for 1888 Mills School of Nursing at Bellevue Hospital—?

answer

First school established for male nurses. Prepared them to give general patient care.

question

Nursing journals also appeared toward the end of the 19th century. Five journals for nurses were published before 1901. The ﬁ rst appeared in 1886 and was entitled?

answer

The Nightingale

question

In 1889, under the direction of Mary E. P. Davis, a company was formed with 550 cash subscrip-tions, and a new journal called the ___________made its debut in October 1900 (Kalisch & Kalisch, 2004, p. 106). The journal continues to be published today.

answer

American Journal of nursing

question

What was the institution that resulted from the American Revolution?

answer

In 1786, the Philadelphia Dispensary was established, and volunteer physicians treated those needing care at no charge. These dispensaries later became a major site for controlling disease. Vaccination against smallpox was one of the earliest pre-ventive treatments offered there.

question

What did the Philadelphia dispensary offer for patient care?

answer

1.small pox vaccinations 2.Outpatient care 3.Clinics

question

What happened to the nursing proffession as a result of the Civil War?(3)

answer

1.Red Rover -A Steamer captured from confederates during this time was converted into the 1st navy ship hospital 2.Catholic sisters of Mercy 1st navy nurses 3.Created a serious need for nurses after the civil war.

question

These two wars occurred at about the same time in history. The United States entered the Spanish-American War in 1898, and the British battled the second Boer War in South Africa in late 1899. By this time, the ______, founded by Clara Barton, a New England schoolteacher, had been organized.

answer

Red Cross

question

.In the early days of the Spanish-American War, little attention was given to the _____ of nurses to care for the wounded. Volunteers, both men and women, included nurses with train-ing, those partly trained, and the untrained. The entire system lacked organization; needed supplies were seriously deﬁ cient. These conditions attracted the attention of both the gov-ernment and the people.

answer

selection of nurses

question

Among groups addressing the concern of nurse selection in the Spanish- American war was the________of the United States and Canada, who offered to develop a process through which better skilled nurses might be secured. The management of the chosen nurses was given over to the _______, which retained this role throughout the war.

answer

Nurses' Associated Alumnae Red Cross

question

The management of the chosen nurses was given over to the _______, which retained this role throughout the Spanish-American War.

answer

Red Cross

question

During the Spanish-American War Nursing occurred in the military camps, where problems such as:(5).

answer

inadequate water facilities lack of laundry lack of laundry services inadequate medical supplies Typhoid fever made nurses ill

question

What happen after the Spanish-American war ended in nursing? (4)

answer

1. to secure legislation to ensure an efﬁ -cient army nursing service. 2.A bill establishing the Army Nurse Corps was passed in 1901, and in 1908, the Navy Nurse Corps was established. 3. the Red Cross began a complete reorganization 4.Britain established Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service replace British Army Nursing for emergency services.

question

How did nurses contribute during World War one?

answer

estimated 30,000 women served in world war 1 from the Navy Corp and Army aided Britain

question

What effects did the the nurses contributions of World War one have on nurses rights?

answer

Nurses had the right to vote in 1919

question

What effects did World War One have on nursing as a profession?(5)

answer

1.Influenza epidemic of 1918: pneumonia and typhus claim lives of many doctors and nurses. 2.Army Nursing Corps admitted Black Nurse bc of need. 3.Army School of Nursing was organized in 1918 4.Uniformity of Nursing School Education 5.England founded the Royal College of Nursing 1916

question

In the United States, the National Nursing Council for War Service was organized in July 1940 to help?

answer

meet the increasing need for individuals at all levels of preparation who could care for the sick and wounded.

question

What did The U.S. Cadet Nurse Corps established under the Bolton Act?

answer

Under this program, more than 124,000 women graduated from the Cadet Nurse Corps with over 1,100 of the nation's nursing schools participating provided funds for tuition, a monthly allowance, uniforms, and other expenses for women who would enter nursing and, upon completion of their education, ***serve in the military service

question

What did Elizabeth Norman (1999) poignantly describes the situation in her book We Band of Angels about the nurses role in world war 2?

answer

The Army had done nothing to prepare them for battleﬁ eld medicine or for life in the ﬁ eld. Wounded men were treated in ﬁ eld hospitals close to battle lines with supplies and equipment that might be inadequate, while bombs dropped around them. Although they were in the Army, the nurses considered themselves healers, not sol-diers.

question

What book and author is this passage from: What does it describe? Then the shooting started, and they found themselves confronting as much danger and deprivation as any dogface in the ﬁ eld. The men who worked with them—doctors, medics, orderlies and attendants—were no longer "colleagues" and "staff," they were comrades in arms now, and "the girls," as so many referred to them, were no longer anomalies in the ranks, they were a military unit in the middle of battle. They were women at war.

answer

We Band of Angle Elizabeth norm The role of Women nurses in World War 2

question

What special type of nursing came into existence during world war two?

answer

flight nursing assist with air evacuation of sick and wounded soldiers at medical installations

question

What made flight nursing so dangerous for nursing during World War 2?

answer

Because of this dual activity, the planes were not marked with the Geneva Red Cross or other insignia, and they remained fair targets for enemy ﬁghters.

question

What were the (5) effects on nursing as a result of world war 2?

answer

1.Public health nurses moved into industry to carry out preventive health education and programs. 2. Industrial nursing evolved on a national scale, with nurses employed in all types of manufacturing plants 3.All of these activities left the country desperate for nurses. Serious shortages were felt in civilian hospitals and military situations. 4.Nursing students began to carry much of the work-load in hospitals that had nursing education programs 5.After the war, the nurses who returned to civilian life had the beneﬁt of the GI bill for edu-cation. As former ofﬁcers in the military, they were accustomed to taking responsibility and leading. They entered bachelor's and master's degree programs and began to enlarge the cadre of college-educated nurses.

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How were nurses stationed during the June 25, 1950, Korean Conﬂict?

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The Mobile Army Surgical Hospital (MASH). Triage care evolved, made more effective by advances in antibiotics and medical technology.

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What happen with flight nursing during the Korean conflict?

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Flight nursing saw a signiﬁ cant resurgence, as the need for air evacuation of the wounded reached new heights

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During the Vietnam War, the ﬁ rst 13 nurses were placed on the staff at the? Eighth Field Hospital in Nha Trang in March 1962 (Kalisch & Kalisch, 2004).

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The ﬁrst 13 nurses were placed on the staff at the Eighth Field Hospital in Nha Trang in March 1962 (Kalisch & Kalisch, 2004).

question

Why was recruiting nurses difficult for the Vietnam War?

answer

Recruitment of nurses was once again a major activity; extraordinary incentives were offered because of widespread lack of support for the Vietnam conﬂ ict. Due to the guerrilla tactics of the Viet Cong, no military front existed. The country was partitioned into separate ﬁ eld zones, and semipermanent, air-conditioned hospitals were constructed. Fixed installations were assigned to area-support missions, with ground evacuation of the wounded almost impossible. Terrain and climate were tremendous obstacles. Advances in medical technol-ogy, however, permitted far better care than during any other combat situation.

question

What role die nurses play in Kuwait? (3)

answer

1.Setup MASH units that were better equipped for the war. ***2.Nurses had protective gas masks to combat chemical warfare. 3.Nurses endured rocket attack, cold rain, hot winds,dust and sandstorms of the Arabian desert. *4.Mobilized triage areas, assisted with surgery. treated shrapnel wounds, and cared for the innocent Iraqi and Kuwaiti victims of war women and children ***5.improvising equipment and techniques to handle emergency situations.

question

How did the army nursing practices change in the Middle East conflict?(5)

answer

1.Field hospitals housed in tents and placed close to the front, 2.rapid trauma care required along with better better bandages and ways to stem uncontrolled bleeding 3.Speedily airlift serious injured soldiers from aeromedical staging facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan to military field hospitals in Germany 4.Nurses put in intensive flying care units to asses patients during ER transport. 5.Preparing patients for aeromedical evacuation from Iraq.

question

Who establish this theory of nursing : The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowl-edge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.

answer

Virgina Henderson

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What is Florence Nightingale definition of nursing(1954[1860]

answer

The goal of nursing is to put the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him, primarily by altering the environment.

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Hildegard Peplau (1952)definition of nursing?

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Interpersonal processNursing is viewed as an interpersonal process involving interaction between two or more individuals, which has as its common goal assisting the individual who is sick or in need of healthcare.

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Faye Abdellah (1960) definition of nursing?

answer

Nursing problems Nursing is a service to individuals, families, and society based on an art and science that molds the attitudes, intellectual compe-tencies, and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people cope with their healthcare needs, and is focused around 21 nursing problems.

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Ernestine Wiedenbach (1964) is definition of nursing

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Nursing problems modelNursing is a helping, nurturing, and caring service rendered with compassion, skill, and understanding, in which sensitivity is key to assisting the nurse in identifying problems.

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What is Virginia Henderson definition of nursing?

answer

(1966)Development/NeedsNursing's role is to assist the individual (sick or well) to carry out those activities ... he would perform unaided if he had the neces-sary strength, will, or knowledge.

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What is Myra Levine (1969) definition of nursing

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Conservation and adaptationNursing means the nurse interposes her/his skill and knowledge into the course of events that affect the patient. When inﬂ uencing adaptation favorably, the nurse is acting in a therapeutic sense. When the nursing intervention cannot alter the course of adapta-tion, the nurse is acting in a supportive sense.

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What is Ida Orlando Pelletier (1972) definition of nursing?

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Interpersonal processNursing's unique and independent role concerns itself with an individual's need for help in an immediate situation for the purpose of avoiding, relieving, diminishing, or curing that individual's sense of helplessness.

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What is Jean Watson (1979-1988) definition of nursing?

answer

CaringThe essence and central unifying focus for nursing practice is caring, a transpersonal value. Nurse behaviors are deﬁ ned as 10 curative factors. Focuses on the spiritual subjective aspects of both the nurse and the patient and the "caring moment" relat-ing to the time when the nurse and patient ﬁ rst come together (LeMaire, 2002).

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What is Dorothy Orem (1980) definition of nursing?

answer

Self-careNursing is concerned with the individual's need for self-care action, which is the practice of activities that individuals initiate and per-form on their own behalf in maintaining health and well-being.

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What is Dorothy E. Johnson (1980) definition of nursing?

answer

Systems approachNursing is an external regulatory force that acts to preserve the organization and integration of the patient's behavior at an opti-mal level, under those conditions in which the behavior consti-tutes a threat to physical or social health, or in which illness is found.Imogene

question

What is M. King (1981) definition of nursing?

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Open systems approachThe focus of nursing is the care of human beings resulting in the health of individuals and healthcare for groups, who are viewed as open systems in constant interaction with their environments.

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What is Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1981) definition of nursing?

answer

Man-Living-HealthNursing is rooted in the human sciences and focuses on man as a living unity and as qualitatively participating in health experi-ences. Health is viewed as a process.

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What is Betty Neuman (1982) definition of nursing?

answer

Systems approachNursing responds to individuals, groups, and communities, who are in constant interaction with environmental stressors that create disequilibrium. A critical element is the client's ability to react to stress and factors that assist with reconstitution or adaptation.

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What is the Sister Callista Roy (1984) definition of nursing?

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AdaptationThe goal of nursing is the promotion of adaptive responses (those things that positively inﬂ uence health) that are affected by the person's ability to respond to stimuli. Nursing involves manipulat-ing stimuli to promote adaptive responses.

question

What is Martha E. Rog-ers (1984) definition of nursing?

answer

Science of unitary manNursing is an art and science that is humanistic and humanitar-ian, directed toward the unitary human, and concerned with the nature and direction of human development

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What is Katharine Y. Kolcaba (1992) definition of nursing?

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Holistic theory of comfortThe immediate desirable outcome of nursing care is enhanced comfort. This comfort positively correlates with desirable health-seeking behaviors.

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What is Sharon Van Sell and Ioannis Kaloﬁ ssudis (2002) definition of nursing?

answer

A Complexity Inte-gration of Nursing TheoryNursing is an art and a science that can be depicted in mathemati-cal format that shows the relationship among philosophy, sci-ence, culture, and the human being in which the socialization of the nurse into nursing is important

question

What organization created this definition of nursing? Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, preven-tion of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.

answer

American Nurses Association (ANA)

question

What organization created this definition of nursing? The Practice of Nursing means assisting clients to attain or maintain optimal health, implementing a strategy of care to accomplish deﬁ ned goals within the context of a client-centered health care plan, and evaluating responses to nursing care and treat-ment (NCSBN, Article II, Section 1, 2006).

answer

NCSBN s

question

Which theorists definition of nursing is the mostly widely accepted?

answer

Virgina Henderson

question

What does each legal definition of nursing provide?(5)

answer

foundation guidelines licensure scope of practice corrective actions against violators

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Most states include references in their legal definition to these (7) key areas?

answer

1.refrence to performing services for compensation 2.necessity for a specialized knowledge base 3.use of many nursing process 4.components of nursing practice 5.reference to treating human responses to actual or potential health problems 6.execution of medical regimen 7.General statements about how the nursing practice is evolving and expected to broaden

question

How does Nursing met the criteria of a profession?(7)

answer

1.Possession of a Body of Specialized Knowl-edge 2.Use of Scientific Method for evidence based practice 3.Education Within Institutions of Higher 4. Control of Profes-sional Policy, Profes-sional Activity, and AutonomyToday, nurses are responsible for planning, implementing, and evaluating the care patients receive and are accountable for that care. 5.A Code of Ethics ANA Code for Nurses, which is periodically revised. 6.Nursing as Lifetime 7.Service to the Public

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