Nursing history & Defination & Theory – Flashcards
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Mary Adelaid Nutting
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1st professor of nursing
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Lillian Wald
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"champion of the urban poor"
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Margaret Sanger
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opened 1st birth control clinic in 1916
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Virginia Henderson
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Major nursing theorist and educator on level with Florence Nightingale
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Mildred Montag
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dissertation resulted in creation of community college nursing education
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Luther Christman
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advocate for gender and racial diversity in nursing
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Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail
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worked with Indian health service to stop abuse in Indian Health system
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Madeleine Leininger
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foremost authority throughout the world in the field of culture care
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Kristen Swanson
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the 5C's of caring theory (commitment, conscience, competence, compassion, confidence)
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Clara Barton
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funded the American Red Cross
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Dorothea Dix
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superintendent of the female nurses, organized hospitals, appointed nurses and oversaw and regulate supplies to the troops, elevated mental hospital
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Harriet Tubman
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active in Underground Railroad movement and assisted leading slave to freedom; went to Union prison, took care of prisoners by using plan & herbs
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Sojour Truth
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helped recruit black troops for the Union Army; urging congress to finance training programs of nursing
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Definition of Nursing (Nightingale)
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"the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery"
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Definition of Nursing (Henderson)
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"the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge"
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Definition of Nursing (American Nurses Association)
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nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.
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Definition of Nursing Theory
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"a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing that describes, explains, predicts, or prescribes nursing care"
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four components of nursing theory
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person, health, environment/situation, nursing
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four types of nursing theories
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Grand; Mid-Range; Descriptive; Perspective theory
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major classifications of nursing theories
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environmental based theory; needed based; system theory; interpersonal caring theory; unitary human theory
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Environmental Theory
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Florence Nightingale - Environmental theory
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Needed-based
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Dorothea Orem - theory of self-care deficit Virginia Henderson - nursing need theory
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System
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Sister Callsta Roy - Roy adaptation model Betty Neuman - system theory Dorothy Johnson - Behavioral system model Imogene King - Conceptual system & theory of goal attainment & transactional process
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Interpersonal caring
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Leininger - transcultural nursing Watson - theory of human caring
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Unitary Human
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Martha Rogers - science of unitary & irreducible human beings
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