Nursing 105 Midterm Liberty University – Flashcards
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inter-
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between, among
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Intra-
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within, inside
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Supra-
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above, upper, excessive
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Post-
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after, behind
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Ex-
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out of, outside, away from
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Ad-
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toward, to, in the direction of
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Macro-
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large, abnormal size or length, long
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-penia
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deficiency, lack, too few
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-itis
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inflammation
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-cyte
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cell
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-osis
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abnormal condition, disease
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-rrhagia
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bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge
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-stenosis
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abnormal narrowing
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-megaly
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enlargement
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-malacia
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abnormal softening
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-ologist
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specialist
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-ectomy
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surgical removal, cutting out, excision
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megal/o
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large, great
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neur/o
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nerve, nerve tissue
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dextr/o
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right side
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arthr/o
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joint
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cyan/o
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blue
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leuk/o
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white
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erythr/o
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red
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Virile
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having the nature, properties or qualities of an adult male
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Prenatal
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the time and events before birth
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Arthroscopy
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visual examination of the internal structure of the joint
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Pediatrician
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physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating and preventing disorders and diseases of infants and children
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Muscular dystrophy
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group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
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Perinatal
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refers to the time and events surrounding birth
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Lithotomy
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surgical incision for the removal of a stone
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Hospitalist
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physician focusing on the general medical care of hospitalized patients
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Ventilator
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mechanical device for artificial respiration that is used to replace or supplement the patient's normal breathing function. Forces air into the lungs, exhalation takes place passively as the lungs contract.
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Huntington's disease
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genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child. Each child of a parent with this disease has a 50-50 chance of inheriting the defective gene. The damage eventually results in uncontrolled movements and loss of some mental abilities
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Airborne precautions
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Measures taken to prevent transmission of infectious agents by airborne droplet spray. Airborne precautions include use of masks and air filtration systems.
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Peak flow meter
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inexpensive handheld device used to let patients with asthma measure air flowing out of the lungs, revealing any narrowing of the airways in advance of an asthma attack
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Internist
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a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems
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Pulmonary fibrosis
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progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing.
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Measles
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Acute, highly contagious infection that is transmitted by respiratory droplets of the rubeola virus. Symptoms include a red, itchy rash over the entire body, a high fever, runny nose and coughing.
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Western blot
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A blood test that produces more accurate results than the ELISA test. The western blot test is performed to confirm the diagnosis when the results of the ELISA test are positive for HIV.
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Along the sides of the neck
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Location of cervical lymph nodes
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Thoracic duct
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Largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm, the entire lower portion of the trunk and both legs.
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natural immunity
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Immunity that is naturally existing and does not require outside sensitization to the antigen
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B cells
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specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies. Each lymphocyte makes a specific antibody that is capable of destroying a certain antigen
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Virus
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Very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells. After invading the cells, it reproduces and then breaks the wall of the infected cell to release the newly formed viruses.
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Adenocarcinoma
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any one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue
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Thalassemia
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An inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal
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Droplet Precautions
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Procedures that reduce the risk of droplet-borne infections. Transmission through droplets occurs when the droplets contact the conjunctivae or the nasal or oral mucous membranes of a susceptible patient. Droplets do not usually travel more than 3 feet. Masks as well as standard precautions must be used when in the infected patient's room.
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Pulmonary function test
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A group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by using a spirometer.
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Internal respiration
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the exchange of gases within the cells of the blood and tissues
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Communicable disease
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any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
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Mesentery
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fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
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Mandible
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the only movable bone the skull, attached to the skull at the temporomandibular joint
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Adenoma
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a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
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Neurologist
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a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function
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Lateralis
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toward the side.
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Monocytes
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formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen. Identify foreign substances and germs in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them
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Needle Breast Biopsy
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A technique in which an x-ray or MRI guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast for diagnosis and the planning of treatment
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Thrombocytopenia
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A condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood
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basophils
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The least common type of WBC. Responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies
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Asystole
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Flat line, complete lack of electrical activity in the heart. The resulting lack of heart contractoins, with no blood pumping form the heart and no blood flow through the body, is one of the conditions required for a medical practitioner to certify death.
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Tissue Plasminogen Activator
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A thrombolytic that is administered to some patients having a heart attack or stroke. Can dissolve the damaging blood clots if activated within a few hours after symptoms begin
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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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CPR, emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression.
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Myocarditis
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An inflammation of the myocardium that develops as a rarely seen complication of a viral infection
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Bactericide
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A substance that kills bacteria
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Synovectomy
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surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint. One use of this procedure is to repair joint damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis.
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epidemiologist
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specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
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Adenosclerosis
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abnormal hardening of a gland
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Venules
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the smallest veins that join to form the larger veins
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Lumpectomy
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the surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue with surrounding margin of normal tissue. The remainder of the tissue of the affected breast is not removed
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Influenza
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An acute, highly contagious viral infection characterized by respiratory inflammation, fever, chills and muscle pain. Is spread by respiratory droplets and occurs most commonly in epidemics during the coler months.
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Ambu bag
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emergency resuscitator used to assist ventilation. A flexible air chamber is squeezed to force air through the face mask into the lungs of the patient
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Hospital-acquired pneumonia
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Type of pneumonia contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient's defenses are impaired
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Croup
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An acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor.
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Lymph node
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Contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens.
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Mumps
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An acute viral infection that is characterized by the swelling of the parotid glands which are the salivary glands located just in front of the ears
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ELISA
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enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, blood test used to screen for the presence of antibodies as well as Lyme disease and other infectious conditions
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Upper respiratory infection
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common cold, can be caused by any one of 200 different viruses
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under the arms
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location of axillary lymph nodes
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Leukemia
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A type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.
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Hematologist
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physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissue
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Bradycardia
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an abnormally slow resting heart rate.
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Embolus
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a foreign object, such as a blood clot, a quantity of air or gas or a bit of tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood
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Neutrophils
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Are formed in the bone marrow, the most common type of WBC. Play a major role in defense against pathogens.
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Diastolic pressure
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occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, is the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery.
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Nitroglycerin
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a vasodilator that is prescribed to prevent or relieve the pain of angina by dilating the blood vessels of the heart
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Arrhythmias
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the loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat. Can be minor or fatal.
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Hemochromatosis
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genetic disorder in which the intstines absorb too much iron
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Temporal arteritis
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form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain and other symptoms. It is diagnosed when a biopsy shows the presence of abnormally large cells.
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Antiviral drug
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used to treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity
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Surgical biopsy
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removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis
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Carditis
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inflammation of the heart
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Systemic allergic reaction
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severe response to an allergen.
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Oblique
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slanted or at an angle
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Phagocytes
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specialized leukocytes that act as part of the antigen-antibody reaction by destroying substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen and pathogens by the process of phagocytosis
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Myalgia
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tenderness of pain in the muscles
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Adduction
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the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
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Epidemic
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sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
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Capillaries
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only one epithelial cell in thickness, smallest blood vessels of the body.
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Pathologist
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a physician who specializes in the laboratory analysis of diseases tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis
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Chondroplasty
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surgical repair of damaged cartilage
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Manubrium
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bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
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Hyperextension
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extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit
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Localized allergic reaction
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cellular response that includes redness, itching and burning wherever the skin has come into contact with an allergen.
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polyarteritis
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form of vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time. Rare but serious blood vessel disease that occurs when certain immune cells attack the affected arteries
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Thrombocytosis
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an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood
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Parietal peritoneum
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outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
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Anemia
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lower than normal number of erythrocytes
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Heart murmur
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abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or a neighboring large blood vessel
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Arterial stent
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wire-mesh tube that is commonly placed after the artery has been opened. Provides support against the arterial wall, keeps the plaque from expanding again and prevents restenosis
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Exhalation
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the act of breathing out
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Tolerance
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when the body becomes accustomed to a medication after being on it for a length of time, and higher doses are required to achieve the desired effect
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Allergy
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an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen
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Synovial Sarcoma
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cancers of the synovial tissues that line the cavities of joints
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Fungus
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a simple parasitic organism
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T cells
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originate in the thymus, play a central role in cell-mediated immunity
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Walking pneumonia
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milder but longer-lasting form of the disease caused by bacteria
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Tracheorrhagia
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bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea
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Acquired immunity
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obtained by having had a contagious disease
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Artificial pacemaker
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used primarily as treatment for bradycardia or atrial fibrillation. Electronic device attached either externally or internally with connections leading into the heart to regulate the heartbeat
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Heart Valvular Prolapse
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leaflets of valve bulge and can cause blood to be sent backward
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Myolysis
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degeneration of muscle tissue
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Radical mastectomy
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surgical removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues
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Pulmonary arteries
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carry deoxygenated blood out of he right ventricle and into the lungs
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Tachycardia
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Faster than normal resting heart beat
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Cardiologist
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physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of the heart
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Acute respiratory stress disorder
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lung condition usually caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke or fumes, inhaled vomit or sepsis. LIfe threatening condition in which inflammation of the lungs and fluid in the alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen in the blood
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Pneumorrhagia
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bleeding from the lungs
