NUR 205 Q2 (CHAPTER 6 & 10) – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Term or label that describes a phenomenon
answer
Concept
question
The phenomenon described by a concept can be either be _____ and _________
answer
Empirical Abstract
question
Observed/experienced through the senses
answer
Empirical
question
Not observable e.g. hope/caring
answer
Abstract
question
Set of concepts and statements that integrate the concepts into a meaningful configuration
answer
Conceptual model
question
Statements that describe relationships among events, situations or actions
answer
Propositions
question
Describe concepts or connect two concepts and represent values, beliefs, or goals
answer
Assumptions
question
Determines how the world is viewed by members of a discipline and guides the members as they propose questions and make observations relevant to the discipline
answer
Frame of reference
question
"Is an organized, coherent, and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to significant questions in a discipline that are communicated in a meaningful whole"
answer
Theory
question
What is the primary difference between a conceptual model and a theory?
answer
Level of abstraction and specificity. Conceptual model is highly abstract Theory is more specific
question
Most global perspective of a discipline and "acts as an encapsulating unit, or framework, within which the more restricted...structures develop"
answer
Metaparadigm
question
The four central concepts of the metaparadigm of nursing are:
answer
Person Environment Health Nursing
question
Theoretical works in nursing are generally categorized either as:
answer
philosophies, conceptual models, theories, or middle-range theories
question
Set forth the general meaning of nursing and nursing phenomena through reasoning and logical presentation of ideas
answer
Philosophies
question
Are broad and address the general ideas about nursing
answer
Philosophies
question
Contribute to the discipline of nursing by providing direction, clarifying values, and forming a foundation for theory development
answer
Philosophies
question
Theory? Focuses primarily on the patient and the environment with the nurse manipulating the environment to enhance patient recovery
answer
Nightingale's Environmental Theory
question
Nightingale's philosophy includes the four metaparadigm concepts of nursing
answer
What are the metaparadigm concepts as defined in Nightingale's model?
question
Person
answer
Recipient of nursing care
question
Environment
answer
External (temperature, bedding, ventilation) Internal (food, water, and medications)
question
Health
answer
Health is "not only to be well, but to be able to use well every power we have to use"
question
Nursing
answer
Alter or manage the environment to implement the natural laws of health
question
Nursing interventions using Nightingale's philosophy are centered on her 13 Canons:
answer
Ventilation and warming Health of houses Petty management Noise Variety Taking food What food? Bed and bedding Light Cleanliness of rooms and walls Personal cleanliness Chattering hopes and advices Observation of the sick
question
The interventions subsumed in this canon include keeping the patient and the patient's room warm and keeping the patient's room well ventilated and free of odors. Specific instructions include "keep the air within as pure as the air without"
answer
Ventilation and warming
question
This canon includes the five essentials of pure air, pure water, efficient drainage cleanliness, and light
answer
Health of houses
question
Continuity of care for the patient when the nurse is absent in the essence of this cannon.
answer
Petty management
question
Instructions for this cannon include the avoidance of sudden noises that startle or awaken the patients and keeping the noise in general to a minimum
answer
Noise
question
This canon refers to an attempt to variety in the patient's room to avoid boredom and depression
answer
Variety
question
Interventions for this canon include the documentation of the amount of food and liquids that the patient ingests
answer
Taking food
question
Instructions for this canon include trying to include patient food preferences
answer
What food?
question
The interventions in this canon include comfort measures related to keeping the bed dry and wrinkle free
answer
Bed and bedding
question
The instructions in this canon relate to adequate light in the patient's room
answer
Light
question
This canon focuses on keeping the environment clean
answer
Cleanliness of rooms and walls
question
This canon includes measures such as keeping the patient clean and dry
answer
Personal cleanliness
question
Instructions in this canon include the avoidance of talking without reason or giving advice that is without fact
answer
Chattering hopes and advices
question
This canon includes instructions related to making observations and documenting observations
answer
Observation of the sick
question
Best known for her definition of nursing
answer
Virginia Henderson
question
Henderson identified 14 Basic Needs on which nursing cared is based
answer
...
question
14 Components of Basic Nursing Care
answer
Breath normally Eat and drink adequately Eliminate bodily wastes Move and maintain desirable postures Sleep and rest Select suitable clothes; dress; and undress Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the environment Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument Avoid dangers in the environment, and avoid injuring others Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions Worship according to one's faith Work in such a way that there is sense of accomplishment Play or participate in various forms of recreation Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities `
question
Metaparadigm Concepts as Defined in Henderson's Philosophy and Art of Nursing
answer
...
question
Person
answer
Recipient of nursing care who is composed of biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual components
question
Environment
answer
External environment (temperature, dangers in environment); Impact of community on the individual and family
question
Health
answer
Based upon the patients ability to function independently
question
Nursing
answer
Assist the person, sick or well, in performance of activities and help the person gain independence rapidly as possible
question
Theory? Goal of nursing is to help persons attain a higher level of harmony within the mind-body-spirit; attainment of that goal can potentiate healing and health; This goal is pursued through trans personal caring guided by carative factors adand corresponding caristas processes
answer
Jean Watson's Philosophy and Science of Caring
question
Watson's theory for nursing is based on 10 Carative Factors into what she termed Clinical Caritas Processes
answer
...
question
To cherish, to appreciate, and to give special attention. It conveys the concept of love
answer
Caritas
question
Watson refers to the ___ as the "core" of nursing, which is grounded in the philosophy, science, and art of caring
answer
Clinical caritas `process
question
The _____ describe by Watson provide guidelines for nurse-patient interactions
answer
Carative factors
question
Metaparadigm Concepts as Defined in Watson's Philosophy and Science of Caring
answer
...
question
Person
answer
"Unity of mind-body-spirit/nature"; embodied spirit
question
Healing space and Environment
answer
A nonphysical energetic environment; a vibrational; field integral with the person where the nurse is not only in the environment but "the nurse IS the environment"
question
Health
answer
Harmony, wholeness, and comfort
question
Nursing
answer
Reciprocal transpersonal relationship in caring moments guided by carative factors and caritas processes
question
Focused on the understanding of perceptual acuity, clinical judgement, skilled know-how, ethical comportment, and ongoing experiential learning
answer
Patricia Benner
question
Most important in Benner's philosophy is
answer
the understanding of ethical comportment
question
composed of abstract and general concepts that provide a frame of reference for members of a discipline
answer
conceptual model
question
The ____ and _____ of nursing represent various paradigms (models) derived from the ______ of the discipline of nursing
answer
The conceptual models and theories of nursing represent various paradigms derived from the metaparadigm of the discipline of nursing.
question
_____ guide nursing practice and assist to organize, understand, analyze patient data and make nursing care decisions
answer
theoretical frameworks
question
Provide a systematic and knowledgeable approach to nursing practice
answer
theoretical frameworks
question
tool to assist critical thinking and provides a paradigm to view nursing process and patient care scenario
answer
theoretical frameworks
question
How will theory affect your nursing practice? Using a ______ to guide your nursing practice assists you as you organize patient data, understand and analyze patient data, make decisions related to nursing interventions, plan patient care, predict outcomes of care, and evaluate patient outcomes
answer
Theoretical framework
question
To apply the nursing theory
answer
One must have knowledge on theoretical works
question
Metaparadigm Concepts as Defined in Brenner's Philosophy
answer
...
question
Person
answer
Embodied person living in the world who is a "self-interpreting being, that is, the person does doesn't come into the world pre-defined but gets defined in the course of living a life
question
Environment
answer
A social environment with social definition and meaningfulness
question
Health
answer
The human experience of health or wholeness
question
Nursing
answer
A caring relationship that includes the care and study of the lived experience of health, illness, and disease
question
____ provide a comprehensive view and guide for nursing practice. They are organizing frameworks that guide the reasoning process in professional nursing practice
answer
conceptual models
question
Theory? Asserts that human beings are dynamic energy fields that are integrated with environmental energy fields so that the person and his or her environment form a single unit
answer
Roger's Science of Unitary Human Beings
question
Your own personal view or way of thinking
answer
Philosophy
question
Truth corresponds with reality, reality is achieved through our perceptions of the world in which we live
answer
Classical philosophers
question
Truth found in natural world - sensory experiences
answer
Aristotle & Heraclitus
question
Truth found in natural world - rational intellect
answer
Plato & Parmenides
question
Truth found when one knows self
answer
Socrates
question
Truth not of this world
answer
Plotinus
question
Truth based in experience and relating to experiences
answer
Empiricists (Bacon, Locke, Hume, Mill)
question
All things are knowable by man's deductive reasoning
answer
Rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza)
question
Truth exists only in the mind
answer
Idealists
question
Truth is science and the facts that science discovers
answer
Positivists
question
Truth is found through man's faith in his existence as it relates to God
answer
early existentialists
question
Truth relative and practical - if it works, then it's truthful
answer
pragmatists
question
truth always dependent on the knower and the knower's context
answer
relativists
question
truth is human consciousness
answer
phenomenologists
question
if truth can be found, it can be found only through man's search for self
answer
existentialists
question
truth is not singular and is always historical
answer
poststructuralists/postmodernists
question
Abandoned mythological thought and sought out reasoning to answer questions
answer
Greeks
question
FIRST famous philosopher- Belief in the mortal soul
answer
Socrates
question
Belief that "the soul's the vehicle to return to its intelligible roots"
answer
NEOPLATONISM AGE
question
Belief in a higher power
answer
CHRITIANITY AND WESTERN PHILOSOPHY`
question
The lens though which you see the world Philosophical foundations that support our approach to research
answer
Paradigm
question
What we value and view as important We can apply this to each of the concepts of ... Person Health Environment Nursing
answer
BELIEF
question
The world is static Seeing is believing The social world is a given Reality is physical and independent Logical thinking is superior
answer
Realism
question
The world is evolving There is more than meets the eye The social world is created Reality is a conception perceived in the mind Thinking is dynamic and constructive
answer
Idealism
question
refer to what the normative standard should be, not necessarily to how things actually are
answer
values
question
are the principles and ideals that give meaning and direction to our social, personal and professional lives
answer
values
question
The AACN (American Association of Colleges of Nursing) defines several values important to nursing education....
answer
altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice.
question
Process of valuing involves three steps:
answer
Choosing values prizing values acting on values
question
This is when we choose a new value
answer
VALUE ACQUISITION
question
This is when we let go of a value because we not longer see its importance
answer
VALUE ABANDONMENT
question
This is when society changes a value
answer
VALUE REDISTRIBUTION
question
The process of _____ can occur in a group or individually helps us understand who we are and what is important to us
answer
values clarification
question
the building blocks of philosophy
answer
attitudes beliefs values
question
overall purpose of personal philosophy is
answer
to define how one finds truth
