NPB 168: Cannabis sativa/indica – Flashcards
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Which components come from the female/male plants of cannabis?
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-Female: THC -Male: Hemp
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What values were given for THC concentration of bud and hashish?
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-Bud: 4-5% THC -Hashish: 20% THC
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How many cannabinoids are in marijuana?
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About 60, THC is one of them
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how fast does marijuana increase in the blood stream?
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3-5 minutes
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Where does THC bind in the brain?
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-Variety of Cortical regions -Limbic system and memory -Reward pathway from VTA to N.Ac. -Cerebellum (effecting motor function)
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Which receptors effect appetite and movement?
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CB1 receptors
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Where are the CB1 receptors located?
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Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
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What types of receptors are the CB1/CB2 receptors?
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Metabotropic
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How are endocannabinoids released in the brain?
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Their release is triggered by increased [Ca2+] Not by conventional synaptic release but by diffusion
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What is the postulated mechanisms for endocannabinoid release in the brain?
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Increases in [Ca2+] causes the conversion of endocannabinoid from hydrophilic to lipophilic state allowing it to diffuse through the membrane
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With respect to the synapse, where are the CB2 and CB1 receptors located?
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Pre and Post synaptically
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What are the primary cellular effects of the CB1/CB2 receptors?
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-Affect the functioning of many other NT systems (Ach, DA, NE, 5-HT, Glutamate, GABA) -Inhibit NT release
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Are endocannabinoids retro or antrograde? And where do they act?
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-Retrograde -Extrasynaptically
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What are the behavioral effects of Marijuana?
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-Buss: lightheaded -High: Euphoria/loss of inhibitions, dysphoria -Stoned: relaxed and calm, mildly hallucinogenic (perceive lights and colors differently, slowing of time), cloudy thinking, inability to concentrate -Come-down: symptoms subside
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What are the physiological effects of Marijuana?
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-Vasodilation: feel warm, red eyes -Increased HR -Increased Appetite
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What effects does CB1 receptor antagonism lead to?
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1.) Hyperalgesia 2.) Loss of Appetite 3.) Memory Problems
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What were the differences in learning with the CB1 knockout mice vs the wildtypes?
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-Knockouts and wildtypes learn equally well -Knockouts do poorly with reversal learning
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Explain the platform underwater experiment?
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-Make water cloudy -Hide platform under a little water -Give mice visual cues -How long does it take them to find the platform -Now move the platform and watch all hell break loose -Knockout mice take longer to locate the platform and return more times to the original location
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What does the platform study suggest about CB receptors?
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Important for learning/memory and specifically spacial memory
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When will primates self-administer THC?
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Only when they start with a low dose
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When do rates experience place preference and place aversion?
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-Rates show place preference if given a low dose and are given their first dose in their "home" cage -They show place aversion with high doses
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Which receptor mediates the reward pathways?
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CB1 receptors
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How does THC stimulate the reward pathways?
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By stimulated the release of DA from VTA cells into the N.Ac
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How do µ-antagonists infused in the VTA effect opiate-induced and THC-induced DA release into the N.Ac?
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They block the DA release
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How do opiate antagonists effect self-administration of THC by primates?
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They decrease self-administration
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What happens to conditioned place preference in µ-knockouts?
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Conditioned place preference is abolished
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Is there evidence for THC tolerance compared to other drugs?
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Not really (particularly at the cellular/molecular level)
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What kind of tolerance can be seen in humans with respect to THC?
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Behavioral tolerance: e.g. they can improve on task performance in the presence of the drug
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Is there abstinence syndrome in adults?
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Mild abstinence syndrome
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What are the symptoms of the mild abstinence syndrome in humans?
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Irritability, poor sleep, loss of appetite, mild anxiety
