Notecard Words Chapter 19 Strayer – Flashcards
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social darwinism- Def.
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"survival of the fittest" European dominance inevitably involves the displacement of weaker races
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social darwinism- Importance
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Made imperialism, war, and aggression seem both natural and progressive.
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Opium wars- Def.
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2 wars fought between Western powers and China after China tried to restrict importation of foreign goods
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Opium Wars- Importance
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China lost both wars and was forced to make major concessions
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Taiping Uprising- Def.
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Massive peasant uprising in China led by teachings of Hong Xiuquan. Christian ideology
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Taiping Uprising- Importance
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called for the abolition of private proberty, radical redistribution of land, equality of men and women, end of foot binding/ prostitution/ opium smoking, and organization of society into sexually segregated military camps of men and women. Weakened Quing Dynasty
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unequal treaties- def.
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Series of 19th century treaties between China and Europe
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Unequal treaties- Importance
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China made major concessions to Western powers and eroded China's independence
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Self-strengthening movement- def.
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China's movement of internal reform in 1860's and 70's based on confucian principles and limited borrowing from the West
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Self-Strengthening movement- Importance
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Inhibited by the fears of conservative leaders that any development will erode the power and privileges of the landlord class
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Boxer Uprising- Def.
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rebellion in northern china led by chinese milita organizations
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Boxer Uprising- Importance
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Large numbers of europeans and chinese christians were killed. Europe imposed huge payment on China as punishment for uprising
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China 1911- Def
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The collapse of China's imperial order, officially at the hands of organized revolutionaries, but mostly because of the weight of troubles that overwhelmed the gov't for 1/2 century
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China 1911- Importance
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End of a long era in China and the beginning of an immense struggle over the country's future
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"sick man of Europe"- def.
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Western Europe's unkind nickname for the Ottoman Empire. based on the ottoman sultan's inability to prevent western takover of many regions and to deal with internal problems
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"sick man of Europe"- Importance
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Ottomans were unable to protect places like India, Indonesia, W Africa, and Central Asia from falling to W Europe. Ottoman's domain shrank, empire almost fell and became dependance on Europe
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Tanzimat- def
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far reaching reformist measures in the Ottoman empire several decades after 1839
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Tanzimat- Importance
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Ottomans sought to provide the economic, social, and legal underpinnings for a strong and newly recentralized state.
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Young ottomans- D
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Group of people in Ottoman society that sought major changes in the ottoman political system.
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Young ottomans- I
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Urged the extension of Westernizing (European) reforms to the political system
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Sultan Abd al-Hamid II- D
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Ruler of Ottoman empire 1876
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Sultan Abd al-Hamid II- Imp
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Accepted a constitution and an elected parliament in the Ottoman empire, but not for long. Reverted back to the way the empire was before all the reforms happened
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Young Turks- D
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Movement of Turkish military and civilian elites that developed around 1900. Abandoned any reference to Islam. Military secular public life. Wanted modernization in the ottoman empire from Europe
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Young Turks- I
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Eventually brought down Ottoman Empire
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informal empires-d
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used to describe areas dominated by Western powers, but retained their own gov't and a measure of independance
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informal empires- i
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China and Ottomans became informal empires during Europe's time of expansion
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Tokugawa Japan- D
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Japan governed by a shogun who acted in the name of a revered put powerless emperor. Task of the shogun was to prevent civil war among the daimyo. Pacified, not really unified.
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Tokugawa Japan- I
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Provided a solid foundation for Japan's remarkable industrial growth in the late 19th century
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Meiji restoration- d
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The overthrow of the Tokugawa shoganate in 1868
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meiji restoration- i
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Restored power to emperor Meiji who drew on all the the modern West had to offer to save Japan from foreign domination
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Russo- japanese war- D
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1904-1905 Japans wars against Russian as they industrialized
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Russo- Japanese war- I
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Established Japan as a formidable military competitor, started hope of Muslim's liberation
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Agriculture Revolution
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also know as neolithic revolution. New stone revolution, not civilizations yet. people still lived in small groups or communities. Stayed in same place because of agriculture. began to think in terms of ownership.
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agrarian
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bands/clans
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barbarian
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bureaucracy
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civilization
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city-states
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made up of an urban center and the agricultural land around it. Most early civilizations made up of loosely connected city-states, usually in rivalry.
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classical
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domestication
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economy
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egalitarian
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favoring social equality
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emperor
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empire
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feudalism
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foraging
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the act of searching for food and provisions; hunting-gathering
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hierarchy
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hierarchical
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hunter-gatherer
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foraging society: composed of small groups of people who traveled from point to point as the climate and availability of plants and animals dictated. At the mercy of nature. Limited by the capacity of their surroundings and inability to store food
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irrigation
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monarchy
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monotheism
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First developed with Hebrews belief in Judaism. Belief in one god.
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neolithic revolution
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New stone revolution, not civilizations yet. people still lived in small groups or communities. Stayed in same place because of agriculture. began to think in terms of ownership.
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nomadic
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(of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently. Followed the animals and foraged for food. Women had more equality because they were the main food getters in soceity while men hunted.
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pastoral society
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characterized by the domestication of animals. Used small scale africulture to supplement the main food supply of animal products. Women had more rights than later societies, but still few. Didn't settle in towns because they had to search for new grazing areas.
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paleolithic
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philosophy
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polytheism
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belief in many gods. Popular belief among pre-civilized places
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river valley
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Most early civilizations located in or near a river valley. Provided a regular supply of water because they don't have irrigation. Soil with nutrients. Means of transportation
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sedentary
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not migratory; settled in one place. brought on by agriculture
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settlement
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the act of colonizing, women lost power
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subsistence
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surplus
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Allowed individual labor to become specialized because they didn't have to worry about farming. More complex, organized economies, gov't structures, and religious organizations, basically lead to beginning of civilization. Started soceity.
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sustenance
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theocracy
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traditional
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urbanization
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vassals
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alexander the great
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analects of confucius
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bronze age
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one of the most significant advances of the neolithic era. Knowledge of how to use metals was discovered. the latter part of the neolithic era.
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byzantium
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calendar
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code of hammurabi
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Made by Hammurabi- king of Babylon in Mesopotamia- First legal code. established a sense of justice and fairness by applying the laws to almost everyone. Beginnings of the "rule of law"
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cuneiform
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democracy
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eight fold path
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four noble truths
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gothic migrations
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great wall
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han dynasty
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hellenism
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the huns
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indian ocean trade
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iron age
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jewish diaspora
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legalism (china)
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pax romana
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pyramids
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roman republic
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roman senate
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shang civilization
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shi huang di
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siddhartha gautama
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silk road trade
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the torah
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the vedas
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ziggurats
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built by the people of Sumer to appease their gods. Pyramid like structures.
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Mesopotamia
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land between the rivers. Between the Tigris and Euphrates
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Sumer
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First major mesopotamian civilization. polytheistic. Each city state has its own god that it worshipped. around 1700B.C.E. civilization was completely overthrown, but conquerers adopted many sumerian traditions and technology
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Babylon
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Mesopotamia: King Hammurabi built the first legal code called Code of Hammurabi. Fell to the Hittites. Eventually brought back by the Chaldean King, Nebuchadnezzar
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Hittites
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Mesopotamia: Brought down Babylon. learned how to use iron in their weapons. military superpower
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Assyrians
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Mesopotamia: Learned to use iron and defeated the Hitties (they had already been beated by the hittites by iron) built an empire that swept across the entire fertile crescent. Cruel, frequent uprisings, sent people into exile- spread culture
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Persian Empire
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Huge empire. Built a series of long roads- Great Royal Road- improved transportation and communication. by 500 B.C.E stretched across nile river valley through turkey and parts of Greece.
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Lydians
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used coined money to conduct trade instead of the barter system
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Phoenicians
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established powerful naval city-states along the mediterranean. Developed an alphabet
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Hebrews
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Religous beliefs called Judaism. First monotheistic religion
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Egypt
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Various dynasties. Old, middle and new. During the new kingdom that Egypt reached its height. Ruled by pharoahs, used hieroglyphics to communicate, became dependant on trade bc people valued spices and gold. polytheistic. Eventually absorbed into the Roman empire
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Queen Hatshepsut
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First female ruler of Egypt. First female ruler ever.
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New Kingdom
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During the new kingdom women could buy and sell property, inherit property, and choose to will their property how they please. Still expected to be subservient to men. Not educated as well as boys
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Social Hierarchy: Egypt
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1. pharoah 2. Priests 3. Nobles 4. Merchants 5. Peasants- biggest 6. Slaves
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Decline of Egypt
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Got to big to control and protect all its borders so it began to weaken. also happened to Mesopotamia and greeks and romans
