NonProtein Nitrogen/Renal Fxn – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| Urinary Filtrate Flow |
1. Bowman's capsule 2. PCT-Promixal convoulted tuble 3. Desceding loop of Henle 4. Ascending loop of Henle 5. DCT-Distal convoulted tuble 6. collecting duct 7. renal calyces 8.ureter 9. bladder 10. urethera |
What are the three step of renal physiology? ; |
Glomerular Filtration Tubular Reabsorption Tubular secretion ; ; |
| Blood Flow in Kidney |
Renat Artery Afferent Arteriole Glomerulus Efferent Arteriole Peritubular Capillaries Vasa Recta Renal Vein |
| Parts of Urinary System |
2 Kidneys 2 Ureters Bladder Nephrons Cortex Medulla |
| Glomerular Filtration |
In glomerulus filtrates 1st step in nephron |
| Tubular resorption |
reabsorbs fluids and electrolytes filterred by glomerulus usually performed by passive or active transport |
| Tubular secretion |
| Substances are passed through peritubular capillaries to tubular filtrate. |
| Fxn of tubular secretion |
Elimainated waste products not filtered by glomerulus Regulates acid base balance by secreting |
| Active transport |
Uses ATP combined with carrier protein reaches threshold concentration wher substance can not be reabsorbed and excerted in urine |
| Passive transport |
Used by urea and water Does not need ATP Moves subatnces from high concentration to low concentration |
| NPN Percenatges |
BUN 45% Amino Acid 20% Uric Acid 20 % Creatinine 5% Creatine 1-2% Ammonia 0.2% |
| BUN |
| direct realtionship to GFR |
| CS of BUN |
Increase in azotemia in BUN and NPN classified into prerenal, renal and postrenal |
| decreased BUN |
decreased protein inatke severe liver disease overhydration 3rd mester in pregnancy |
| soucres of BUN |
exogenous protein endogenous proetein |
| CS of Creatinine |
Increases in urinary tract obstruction Decreases in kindey and muscle diseases |
| CS of Uric Acid |
Underproduction, over excertion = hyperuricemia primary gout= over production Kidney stones and renal diseases |
| Ref Range for BUN |
| 7-18mg/dL |
| BUN fxn |
| Urea is the N-end product of prptein and AA metabolism used for screening kindeny fx |
| Creatinine fxn |
| Index of renal fxn measures GFR product not filereted by gf |
| Ref range of Creatinine |
Serum: 0.5-1.5mg/dL Urine: 0..8-2.0 gm/24hr |
Creatinine Clerance ; |
measures GFR U/P x V = ml/min ; 1440min/24hr |
| fxn of Uric Acid |
| Aste product filtered by glomerulus |
| Ref Range for Uric Acid Men |
| 3.5-7.2mg/dl |
| Ref range for uric Acid Women |
| 2.6-6.0 mg/dl |
| cs of ammonia |
| increased due to renal failure/liver disease which is toxic to CNS |
Acute Glomerular Nephritis-AGN Area affected |
| Glomeruli, Nephron from autoimmune process |
| Causes if Acute Glomerulonephritis |
In children and young adults it is caused by group A streptococcal infection antigen-antobody that trigger inflammatory response in basement memebrane |
| Symptoms of Acute glomerular nephritis |
rapid fever maliase-feeling bad nausea oliguria-low out put of urine hematuria proteinuria |
Elevated BUn/creatinine Decreased GFR |
| Acute Gloomerular Nephrtitis |
| Area where Chronic Glomerular Nep affects |
nephron-permanet damage leads to irreversible kindeny damage |
| Symptoms of Chronic Golmerular Nephritis |
edema Fatigue High BP Anemia Metabolic acidosis Proteinuria Decreased urine little urine passage to no nrine passing |
| area affected by nephrotic sydronme |
| Glomercular membrane-change in permeability |
| Nephrotic sydrome is caused by |
complications due to glomerulonephritis circulatory disorders ; |
| Symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome |
Massive proteinuria Albuminuria Pitting edma High and Low albumin levels ; |
| Area that afftected by; acute pyelonphritis |
| Renal Tubules |
| Causes of Acute pyelonphritis |
Gram negative bacteria untreated cystitis and lower urinary tract infection |
| Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis |
vesicoureteral reflux WBC postive leukocyte esterase and nitrate postive proteinuria decreased SP |
| Area affected by chronic pyelonephritis |
| renal tubules |
| causes of chronic pyelonephritis |
| vesicoureteral reflux |
| Symptoms of chronic py. |
Polyuria Nocturia |
| Area affected by cystitis |
| bladder |
| Causes of dysuria |
| intestinal flora associated with pyelonephritis |
| Enhancing factor of GF |
Presure of Glomerlular capilaries is high Basement membrane is negativly charged |
| Causes Acute Glomerulonephritis |
| Group A strepococcus in children and young adults |
| Symptoms of Acute Glomerulonephritis |
1. Onset rapid fever 2. decreased urine output 3. Malisia 4. Urina in protein 5. Blood in urine 6. Nausea |
| Damage from acute glomerularnephritis |
| Glomerular Nephron |
| Damage from chronic glomerular nephritis |
| permanent damage to nephron |
| Causes of chronic glomerular nephritis |
| Many different possibilties that lead to irreversible damage |
| Symptoms of chronic glomerular nephritis |
1. Decreased urine 2. little to no urine output 3. Edema 4. Fatigue 5.High Blood Pressure 6.Metabolic Acidosis |
| where nephrotic syndrome causes damage |
| glomercular membrane permability changes |
| Causes of nephrotic syndrome |
| complications glomerulonephritis or circulatory disorders |
| Symptoms |
Massive protein in uria Alot of lipidema Low alot of albumina ; |
