Neurology Exam 3 Questions – Flashcards
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1. Hair cells located in the ________ sense head positioning through gravity. (MACA) a. Semicircular canals b. Utricle c. Saccule
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b. Utricle c. Saccule
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2. When you rotate your head to the right and the eyes go towards the left, which semicircular canal is being excited most? a. Right horizontal canal b. Left horizontal canal c. Right anterior canal d. Left posterior canal
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a. Right horizontal canal
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3. True/False: Rotating the head to one side will have increased excitation to the hair cells on that side and less excitation to those on the opposite side.
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True
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4. Which of the following semicircular canals is parallel to the right anterior? a. Right posterior b. Left anterior c. Left posterior d. Right horizontal e. Left horizontal
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c. Left posterior
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5. Hair cells located in the ________ act more like nuclear bag fibers and respond to dynamic motion. (MACA) a. Utricle b. Saccule c. Semicircular canals
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c. Semicircular canals
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6. Which of the following is true regarding hair cells? (MACA) a. They act as receptors b. They are always excited c. They can be inhibited by gravity d. They release glutamate e. They excite bipolar cells
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a. They act as receptors b. They are always excited d. They release glutamate e. They excite bipolar cells
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7. The Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus connects which of the following cranial nerves? (MACA) a. CN II b. CN III c. CN IV d. CN VI e. CN VIII
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b. CN III c. CN IV d. CN VI e. CN VIII
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8. In the oculocephalic reflex, CN VI will control the ______, while CN III will control the _________. a. Medial rectus, lateral rectus b. Lateral rectus, medial rectus c. Vestibular nuclei, medial vestibulospinal tract d. Anterior semicircular canal, horizontal semicircular canal
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b. Lateral rectus, medial rectus
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9. Which cranial nerve is directly excited by glutamate released by the hair cells and connects to other cranial nerves via the MLF? a. CN III b. CN VI c. CN VIII d. CN XII
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c. CN VIII
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10. True/False: When the head is rotated to the left, the endolymph moves toward the right in relation to the temporal bone.
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True
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1. When performing the Caloric Test, you flush warm water into left ear; in which direction will the eye move? a. Initially right b. Initially left c. Eye will not move initially d. Left than right
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a. Initially right
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2. When performing the Caloric Test, you flush cold water into right ear; in which direction will the nystagmus of the eye move? a. Nystagmus to the right b. Nystagmus to the left c. No nystagmus for cold water d. Start nystagmus to the right and then correct to the left
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b. Nystagmus to the left
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3. True/False: Patient comes to the office with their neck laterally flexed to the right side, which suggests that they have a weak superior oblique muscle on the right eye.
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False
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4. Which muscles would be affected with a CN III lesion (oculomotor palsy). (MACA) a. Inferior Oblique b. Superior Rectus c. Medial Rectus d. Inferior Rectus e. Superior Oblique f. Lateral Rectus
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a. Inferior Oblique b. Superior Rectus c. Medial Rectus d. Inferior Rectus
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5. If a patient has a MLF lesion on the left side, which of the following will be true? (MACA) a. Patient's left eye will go to the left since the medial rectus is not stimulated b. Patient will rotate their head to the right to match the bad eye c. Patient will not be able to look to the left when directed d. CN 3 will be able to function independently of CN 6
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a. Patient's left eye will go to the left since the medial rectus is not stimulated b. Patient will rotate their head to the right to match the bad eye
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6. Which of the following muscles are involved when the patient is asked to move their eyes inward (medially) and down? (MACA) a. Superior Rectus b. Inferior Rectus c. Inferior Oblique d. Superior Oblique e. Medial Rectus
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d. Superior Oblique e. Medial Rectus
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7. Which of the following is not true regarding pursuing eye movements? a. Requires the parietal lobe to pull the eyes b. Movement is fast and jerky c. Refers to the eyes following an object in space d. First reaction of the eyes during opto-kinectic tape testing
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b. Movement is fast and jerky
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8. True/False: Both the lower motor neuron and the lower motor neuron axon are found within the CNS.
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False
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9. True/False: Eye movement is controlled only by the vestibular system.
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False
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10. True/False: Intorsion of the eye is mainly controlled by the superior oblique muscle, while extorsion is mainly controlled by the inferior oblique.
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True
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11. During the opto-kinetic tape testing, the parietal lobe sends information to the __________ paramedian pontine reticular formation, while the frontal lobe utilizes the superior colliculus and sends information to the ____________ paramedian pontine reticular formation. a. ipsilateral; contralateral b. contralateral; ipsilateral c. ipsilateral; ipsilateral d. contralateral; contralateral
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a. ipsilateral; contralateral
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12. The cortical descending pathway consists of the following tracts except: a. Cortical-bulbar tract b. Pyramidal tract c. Cortical-spinal tract d. Extra-pyramidal tract
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d. Extra-pyramidal tract
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13. The vertical eye center is located in the __________, while the horizontal eye center is found in the __________. a. medulla; pons b. midbrain; pons c. pons; midbrain d. cortex; pons
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b. midbrain; pons
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14. True/False: If a patient is experiencing a left brain deficiency, you want to move the opto-kinectic tape to the left to excite the left parietal and left frontal lobes.
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True
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15. A patient presents with their right eye deviated up and in. Which muscle is suspected to be weak? Which direction will you direct the patient to move their eyes to cause maximum diplopia? a. Inferior rectus; up and out b. Inferior rectus; down and out c. Superior rectus; up and in d. Superior rectus; down and out
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b. Inferior rectus; down and out
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16. True/False: If a patient has a CN 6 lesion, the patient will rotate their head away from the bad eye.
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False
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17. The ipsilateral axons of CN 3 control which extraocular muscles? (MACA) a. Superior rectus b. Inferior rectus c. Medial rectus d. Lateral rectus e. Inferior oblique
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b. Inferior rectus c. Medial rectus e. Inferior oblique
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18. Oculomotor palsy will present with which of the following features: (MACA) a. Both eyes will be deviated down, out and intorted b. Ipsilateral eye will be deviated down, out and intorted c. Contralateral eye will be deviated down and in d. Pupil will be constricted e. Ptosis of ipsilateral eyelid
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b. Ipsilateral eye will be deviated down, out and intorted e. Ptosis of ipsilateral eyelid
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1. Which of the following Cranial Nerves are a part of the CNS? (MACA) a. Olfactory b. Oculomotor c. Optic d. Trochlear e. Trigeminal
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a. Olfactory c. Optic
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2. Which of the following are always active? (MACA) a. Nuclear Bag b. Nuclear Chain c. GTO d. Saccule e. Utricle ab. Rods ac. Cones
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b. Nuclear Chain d. Saccule e. Utricle ab. Rods
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3. Which of the following is an extension of the dura mater? a. Sclera b. Choroid c. Iris d. Pupil
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a. Sclera
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4. What type of information do rods detect? (MACA) a. Color b. Black and White c. Central d. Peripheral e. Proprioception
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b. Black and White d. Peripheral e. Proprioception
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5. What makes up the Left Visual Field? (MACA) a. Temporal visual field of left eye b. Temporal visual field of right eye c. Nasal visual field of left eye d. Nasal visual field of right eye
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a. Temporal visual field of left eye d. Nasal visual field of right eye
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6. Which of the following will cross at the optic chiasm? (MACA) a. Temporal retinal field b. Nasal visual field c. Temporal visual field d. Nasal retinal field
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c. Temporal visual field d. Nasal retinal field
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7. How do we excite the Left Posterior Canal? (MACA) a. Rotate the head to the left b. Rotate the head to the right c. Flex the head forward d. Extend the head backwards
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a. Rotate the head to the left d. Extend the head backwards
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8. Excitation of the Left horizontal canal will excite which muscle of the right eye? a. lateral rectus b. medial rectus c. superior rectus d. superior oblique
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a. lateral rectus
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9. If the right anterior canal is excited, which muscle of the right eye are excited? (MACA) a. inferior rectus b. superior rectus c. lateral rectus d. medial rectus e. inferior oblique
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b. superior rectus c. lateral rectus
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10. If the right cerebral cortex is weak, which direction do we move the eyes to strengthen it? a. up to the right, down to the left b. up to the left, down to the right c. up to the right, down to the right d. up to the left, down to the left
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a. up to the right, down to the left
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11. Where is the tectospinal tract located? a. lateral funiculus b. dorsal funiculus c. ventral funiculus
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c. ventral funiculus
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12. What muscles cause dilation of the eyes? a. Circular Muscles b. Levator Palpebrae Superioris c. Superior Rectus d. Radiating Muscles
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d. Radiating Muscles
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13. If we have right anisocoria, what could be the problem? (MACA) a. increased sympathetic on the right b. increased sympathetic on the left c. increased parasympathetic on the right d. increased parasympathetic on the left e. decreased sympathetic on the right ab. decreased sympathetic on the left ac. decreased parasympathetic on the right ad. decreased parasympathetic on the left
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a. increased sympathetic on the right d. increased parasympathetic on the left ab. decreased sympathetic on the left ac. decreased parasympathetic on the right
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14. You are looking at your patient and see that they have a right anisocoria. You think their issue is: a. sympathetic lesion on the right b. parasympathetic lesion on the right c. sympathetic lesion on the left d. parasympathetic lesion on the left e. unable to tell without more information
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e. unable to tell without more information
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15. Which of the following Cranial Nerves deals with the pupillary light reaction? (MACA) a. Olfactory b. Optic c. Oculomotor d. Trochlear e. Trigeminal
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b. Optic c. Oculomotor
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16. If you have full ptosis of the eye, what is most likely being affected? a. sympathetic nervous system b. parasympathetic nervous system c. both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system d. neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic nervous system
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b. parasympathetic nervous system
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17. Which of the following is true regarding the levator palpebrae superioris? (MACA) a. Smooth muscle b. Skeletal muscle c. Controlled by Parasympathetic d. Controlled by Sympathetic e. Controlled by Oculomotor nerve f. Controlled by Optic nerve
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b. Skeletal muscle e. Controlled by Oculomotor nerve
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18. Cranial Nerve II is an extension of what? (MACA) a. Cortex b. Thalamus c. Diencephalon d. Mesencephalon e. Midbrain
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b. Thalamus c. Diencephalon
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19. True/False: The optic chiasm contains the axons from the nasal retinal fields, which receive input from the temporal visual fields of the left and right eyes.
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True
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20. A patient has Horner's Syndrome affecting the left eye. What will you expect to see? (MACA) a. Ptosis b. Miosis c. Anhydrosis d. Decreased blood pressure e. Decreased heart rate
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a. Ptosis b. Miosis c. Anhydrosis d. Decreased blood pressure
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21. A patient has a parasympathetic lesion of Cranial Nerve III. What will you expect to see? (MACA) a. Ptosis b. Miosis c. Eye will be down, out, and intorted d. Anhydrosis e. Mydriasis
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a. Ptosis c. Eye will be down, out, and intorted e. Mydriasis
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22. A patient has a full lesion of left optic nerve. If you were to shine a light into their right eye, what will you expect to see? a. Right eye will constrict, but not the left b. Left eye will constrict, but not the right c. Both eyes will constrict equally d. Neither eye will constrict
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c. Both eyes will constrict equally
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1. Cranial Nerve V has which of the following functions? (MACA) a. sensory b. motor c. autonomic
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a. sensory b. motor
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2. Cranial Nerve VII controls salivation. What is the post-ganglionic neuron? (MACA) a . Superior Salivatory nucleus b. Inferior Salivatory nucleus c. Pterygopalatine ganglion d. Submandibular ganglion e. Otic ganglion
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c. Pterygopalatine ganglion d. Submandibular ganglion
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3. Which cranial nerve is responsible for somatic sensory for the anterior ⅔ of the tongue? a. CN II b. CN V c. CN VII d. CN X e. CN XII
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b. CN V
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4. Which of the following parts of the trigeminal nucleus contains a primary neuron of the CNS? a. Mesencephalic b. Main sensory c. Oralis d. Caudalis
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a. Mesencephalic
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5. What is the pre-ganglionic neuron of the vagus nerve? (MACA) a. Edinger-Westphall b. Superior Salivatory c. Target ganglion d. Dorsal Motor Nucleus of X e. Nucleus Ambiguous
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d. Dorsal Motor Nucleus of X e. Nucleus Ambiguous
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6. A moving object on your right side (in your right visual field) catches your attention. The information is carried through which of the following parts of the oculocervical reflex? (MACA) a. Right optic tract b. Left optic tract c. Right superior colliculus d. Left superior colliculus e. Cervical spinal cord
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b. Left optic tract d. Left superior colliculus e. Cervical spinal cord
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7. Which of the following parts of the brain is responsible for integrating sensory information? a. Thalamic nuclei b. Lateral geniculate body c. Occipital lobe d. Pre-tectal area e. PTO
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e. PTO
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8. Which cell is NOT found within the retina? a. Rods b. Horizontal c. Vertical d. Amacrine e. Ganglion
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c. Vertical
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9. True/False: The VPL of the thalamus is responsible for sending axons carrying visual information to the occipital lobe.
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False
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10. You shine a light in the left visual field of both eyes and both pupils constrict. However, when shining the light in the right visual field, neither pupil responds. What structure is compromised? a. Left optic tract b. Right optic tract c. Pre-tectal area d. Optic chiasm e. Left optic nerve
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a. Left optic tract
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11. The optic tract does NOT project to which area? a. hypothalamus b. thalamus c. superior colliculus d. inferior colliculus e. pre-tectal area
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d. inferior colliculus
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12. Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located? (MACA) a. Thalamus b. Hypothalamus c. Above the optic chiasm d. Pre-tectal area e. Spinal cord
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b. Hypothalamus c. Above the optic chiasm
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13. Which cranial nerve is associated with somatic sensory information of the oropharynx? a. CN V b. CN VII c. CN IX d. CN X e. CN XII
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c. CN IX
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14. The trigeminal tract is made up of which of the following? a. Cell body of primary neuron b. Axons of primary neuron c. Cell body of secondary neuron d. Axons of secondary neuron
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b. Axons of primary neuron
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15. Which part of the trigeminal nucleus is responsible for conscious proprioception? (MACA) a. Mesencephalic b. Main sensory c. Oralis d. Interpolaris e. Caudalis
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a. Mesencephalic
