Psych quiz 10 (unit 4)
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Professor Hill asks Anita to explain psychodynamic theory for the class. How should Anita respond?
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Psychic energy is moved among the compartments of the personality: id, ego, and superego.
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In Freud's view, it is the job of the ego, or self, to ____.
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balance the pleasure-seeking impulses of the id with the morality imposed by the superego
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In Freud's personality theory, a protective behavior that reduces anxiety is called a ____
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defense mechanism
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According to Freud, what is the resolution of the Oedipus complex?
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Identification with the same-sex parent
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To remember the Big Five traits, use the acronym ____.
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OCEAN
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What is the cognitive expectancy featured in social-cognitive learning theories of personality about the source of individual outcomes?
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locus of control
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What are the two basic requirements of a good test?
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validity and reliability
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A projective personality test provides an ambiguous stimulus onto which the test taker \"projects\" his or her personality. This is based on ____
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Freudian theory
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In Freudian theory, projection is ____.
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a defense mechanism
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What is self-esteem?
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A judgment of the value of the self
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According to your text, what does the science of personality explore?
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Characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
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Sigmund Freud's treatment approach based on his psychodynamic theory is called ____.
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psychoanalysis
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For as long as he can remember, Randy's passion in life has been to eat, drink, and be merry. Which component of Freud's personality theory does this reflect?
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id
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In Freud's personality theory, the self that others see is called the ____.
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ego
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Olivia has just obtained her driver's license. She is nervous that she might break one of numerous \"rules of the road\" and receive both a ticket and a reprimand from her parents. Which component of Freud's personality theory does this reflect?
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superego
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What is the part of mental activity that cannot be voluntarily retrieved?
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unconscious mind
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Susan was so angry at her boss that, when she got home from work, she yelled at her husband in response to his question \"How was your day?\". This is an example of ____.
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displacement
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The stages in Freud's theory of the developing personality are called ____.
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psychosexual stages
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Ben is three years old and very bright. His parents try all sort of games to encourage him to urinate in the toilet rather than in his diaper, with little success. Which developmental stage is he in?
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anal stage
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What does a neurosis represent for Freud?
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A continuing conflict between the ego and the id, superego, or both
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The theorists who attempted to update and modify Freud's original theory of personality are called ____.
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neo-Freudians
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Which of the following is a contribution of Carl Jung to psychodynamic thought?
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Penis envy and pregnancy envy
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Which of the following is true about Abraham Maslow?
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He was primarily interested in human motivation.
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What is a trait?
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a stable personality characteristic.
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What is the theory of personality that features cognition and learning, especially from the social environment, as important sources of individual differences in personality?
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Social-cognitive learning theory
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Aaron, a pre-med student, received a C on his biochemistry exam. He told his roommate that he had studied for the exam, and that it was just bad luck that the professor had asked so many questions that he did not understand. Aaron appears to have ____.
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an external locus of control
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What is the social-cognitive learning theory of personality that features the mutual influence of the person and situation on each other?
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Reciprocal determinism
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Of the following, who most reflects self-efficacy?
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Todd, who believes that he can handle challenging situations and obtain future rewards
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A child's pattern of mood, activity, or emotional responsiveness that is linked to later personality is called her ____.
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temperament
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Most efforts to study the effects of genetics on personality use ____.
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the twin study method
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To avoid the pitfalls of observation and interview, many psychologists turn to ____.
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standardized tests of personality
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One of the most frequently used personality inventories is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, which was originally designed ____.
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to assist with clinical diagnosis
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One's knowledge of personal traits, feelings, roles, and memories is called ____.
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self-awareness
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What purpose does the text suggest that self-esteem may have played related to survival in the evolutionary past?
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A drop in self-esteem served as an early warning signal that rejection by the group is imminent and that behavior designed to regain the favor of the group should be initiated.
