Music Appreciation Test 4 20th Century and Jazz – Flashcards
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Using all twelve tones without regard to their traditional relationship to major or minor scales, avoiding traditional chord progressions, is known as
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atonality.
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In modern music,
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Instruments are played at the very top or bottom of their ranges, uncommon playing techniques have become normal, and noiselike and percussive sounds are often used.
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The term impressionist derived from critics' reactions to Impression: Sunrise, a painting by
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Claude Monet.
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Impressionism in music is characterized by
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a stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity
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A five-tone scale, such as that produced by the five black keys of the piano in succession, is call a
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pentatonic scale..
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Neoclassicism was a reaction against
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Romanticism and impressionism.
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The expressionists rejected
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conventional prettiness.
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Schoenberg developed an unusual style of vocal performance, halfway between speaking and singing, called
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Sprechstimme.
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New chord structures found in the 20th century, but not in previous eras, inlcude
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quartal and quintal harmony.
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The 12-tone systems is a musical system
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which involves strict rules and pitches are assigned numbers.
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The 20th century
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is the first time in history that old music, not new music, is desired.
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Debussy is famous for his use of
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pentatonic scales, five note chords, and whole tone scales.
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The main reason that Schoenberg left Europe and came to America was because
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He was Jewish and fled when the Nazis came to power.
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Schoenberg's two famous students were
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Webern and Berg.
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Although this American composer worked as an insurance agent and composed music on the side, he eventually won a Pulitzer Prize.
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Charles Ives.
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Bela Bartok was best known for his use of
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Folksongs collected and recorded from remote areas.
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George Gershwin's piece, Rhapsody in Blue, begins with this solo instrument in which the player bends the pitch in a jazz-like fashion
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Clarinet.
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This American composer wrote music based on American folklore such as Billy the Kid and Appalachian Spring
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Aaron Copland.
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Chance music can be best described as
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Music in which whatever happens, happens.
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Minimalistic music encompasses all of the following except
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Extreme changes in pulse and convoluted tonality.
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"Liberation of Sound" can be described as
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Use of wider variety of sounds including sounds previously considered noise.
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This 20th century composer wrote a piece in which the performer(s) sit on stage for 4'33'' and serves as an excellent example of chance music
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John Cage.
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This minimalistic composer wrote an opera entitled "Einstein on the Beach" in which the lyrics are mostly numbers and random words.
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Phillip Glass
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This modern composer writes mostly for a cappella choir, a most notably has created a "virtual choir" which connects people from all over the world.
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Eric Whitacre.
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Eric Whitacre's music features this compositional technique which involves several notes that are very close together being played or sung as the same time.
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Tone clusters.
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Which of the following statements is not true?
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The computers, electronics, and synthesizers being used to create music only utilized certain tones, and were very limited in the types of sounds produced.
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Although jazz began in bar an brothels, it is now considered
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and American art form.
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When a voice is answered by an instrument, or when one instrument, or when one instrument (or group of instruments) is answered by a chorus, the pattern is referred to as
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call and reponse.
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The immediate sources of jazz include
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the American band tradition, the blues and ragtime.
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The backbones of a jazz ensemble is its
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rhythm section.
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A jazz sound results from
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its variety of pitch inflections, the type of vibrato employed, and the particular way tones are attacked and released.
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Which of the following statements is not true?
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Jazz can be notated as easily as any other musical form.
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Ragtime is
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a style of composed piano music, performed at a moderate march tempo, and generally in duple meter.
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Which of the following categories of black folk music i not considered one of the sources for the blues?
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Gospel.
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The blues
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usually follow a 12-bar pattern as a basis for improvisation, can be happy or sad/fast or slow, and may be vocal or instrumental.
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The major center of jazz from about 1900 to 1917 was
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New Orleans.
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The musical life of New Orleans at the beginning of the twentieth century included
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opera and chamber music, sacred music, and marching and dance bands.
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Which of the following statements are not true?
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The style of Dixieland in Chicago in the 1920s was basically the same as it had been in New Orleans.
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One of the leading figures in the history of jazz, and the composer of such compositions as Black, Brown, and Beige and Sophisticated Lady.
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Duke Ellington.
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Bebop was
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Meant for attentive listening, not dancing; usually played by small groups of three to six players; and a rebellion against the commercialism and written arrangements of the swing bands.
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One of the greatest of all jazz improvisers and a towering figure among bebop musicians was the saxophonist
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Charlie Parker.
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The following can be said about free jazz
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it disregarded regular forms and established chord patterns, it can be compared to chance music, and it began in the early 1960s.
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Cool jazz
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was related to bop but was calmer and more relaxed in character.
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The bebop musician who spearheaded developments in coll jazz and the jazz rock is
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Miles Davis.
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