question

form

answer

the organization of music in time

question

dynamics

answer

relative loudness or softness of musical sound

question

Element of Music

answer

one of music's basic building blocks

question

Music

answer

organization of sound in time

question

Chanting om

answer

can alter consciousness

question

Shofar

answer

made from the horn of a ram or a goat

question

Duration

answer

the length of time that a musical sound or silence lasts

question

Timbre

answer

distinctive tonal properties of a sound

question

Decibel

answer

unit that measures the volume of sound

question

Pitch

answer

relative highness or lowness of a sound

question

Scientific research has shown that

answer

there is a clear evidence of profound changes in brain activity during chanting

question

texture

answer

The "fabric of sound" created by the interaction of all the parts of a musical performance

question

A tuning fork that vibrates at 440 cycles per second produces a definite pitch in the mid-range of a woman's voice

answer

true

question

The desire to manipulate sound is a learned human activity dating back to the early years of electronic synthesizers

answer

false

question

decrescendo (diminuendo)

answer

growing softer

question

mute

answer

device placed in the bell of a brass instrument

question

Orchestral work that demonstrates the instrumental families of the Orchestra

answer

Benjamin Britten's Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra

question

percussion instrument

answer

played by striking or shaking

question

dynamics

answer

describe either a level of loudness or a change in loudness

question

only instrumental group perhaps larger than a symphony orchestra

answer

university marching band

question

mezzo forte

answer

medium loud

question

orchestration

answer

the technique and artistry of assigning musical parts for instruemnts

question

fortissimo

answer

very loud

question

sforzando

answer

strong accent on a single note or chord

question

Pizzicato

answer

technique of plucking a string instead of bowing

question

symphony orchestra

answer

the most established and iconic instrumental ensemble in Western Culture

question

saxophone

answer

member of the woodwind family

question

the violins are usually

answer

divided into two sections, first violins and second violins

question

Hector Berlioz described the clarinet as "an epic instrument... It is the voice of heroic love"

answer

true

question

tempo

answer

Speed of the beat in a piece of music

question

whole note

answer

two half notes equal one of these

question

adante

answer

walking speed

question

vivace

answer

lively and fast

question

time signature

answer

identifies the meter; appears at the beginning or at any point where meter changes

question

rests

answer

indicate the duration of silence

question

measure or bar

answer

identifies a consistent grouping of beats

question

half note

answer

four eight notes equal one of these

question

duple meter

answer

meter whose beats are grouped by twos

question

syncopation

answer

accent that conflicts with the beat or meter

question

meter

answer

the basic framework of rhythm

question

Rhythm begins with the beat

answer

true

question

rhythms that occur faster and slower than the beat are innevitable

answer

true

question

A syncopation is a notational device indicating number of beats per measure

answer

false

question

without a metrical structure in place, rhythms would have no consistent frame or reference

answer

true

question

a major scale is a diatonic scale with half-steps only between

answer

the third and fourth and seventh and eighth notes

question

leap

answer

anything larger than a small interval between two pitches

question

Pentatonic scales come down to us

answer

mainly in folk music

question

Tonal

answer

using a tonic pitch

question

Melody, unlike language, is never organized hierarchically

answer

false

question

The note head can be open or closed and with or without a stem and other components

answer

true

question

The most famous song chord in the history of rock is at the beginning of the song "American Pie"

answer

false

question

Cadences punctuate the musical flow like commas and periods punctuate the flow of words

answer

true

question

Counterpoint literally means point against point or note against note

answer

true

question

Part refers to the music that an individual performer sings or plays

answer

true

question

A chord progression not only progresses toward a goal, but often does so by following well-traveled paths

answer

true

question

Voices and most orchestra instruments

answer

can only sing or play one pitch at a time

question

The tonic chord represents the tonal center or "home" key

answer

true

question

Texture is the source of the greatest

answer

contrast and variety

question

homophonic texture includes

answer

a melody and harmony

question

In most of our musical examples that include harmony, the composers have typically derived both melody and harmony from the same set of pitches

answer

true

question

Simple repetition does not convey any larger organization

answer

true

question

Style descriptions are useful to the extent that they faithfully and comprehensively represent a particular body of music

answer

true

question

Listening for style is something that most people already do

answer

true

question

Every musical example was meaningful to its audience, but cannot be meaningful to us today

answer

false

question

Style

answer

provides common ground between creator and audience

question

no single element defines style

answer

true

question

Punk, soul, and grunge appear in the 2003 film, School of Rock, as

answer

style labels on the blackboard

question

Handel's "Messiah," Mozart's "Don Giovanni," and Beethoven's "Fifth Symphony" are

answer

true classics

question

A style label evokes the common features of

answer

similar musical works

question

contrast

answer

involves substantial change, usually in more than one element

question

church hymns

answer

example of strophic form

question

cadence on tonic

answer

may define a complete musical unit

question

forms

answer

a concept of how to organize the material into a coherent work

question

rounded binary form

answer

form in which the second part ends with a restatement of the first part

question

variation form

answer

same thing as theme and variations

question

punctuation

answer

decisive change in the musical flow

question

repetition

answer

verbatim restatement of something heard earlier in a work

question

In music, the greater contrast between sections, the less decisive and obscure the punctuation seems to be

answer

false

question

idiomatic composition

answer

composing in a way that makes use of its distinctive sounds and capabilities

question

lute

answer

string instrument

question

course

answer

on a lute, a pair strings tuned to the same pitch

question

consort

answer

small group of diverse instruments

question

obbligato

answer

a second melody playing under the main melody

question

text or word painting

answer

to highlight the meaning of a text or single word using the musical elements

question

strophic song

answer

a song in which the same melody sets two or more stanzas of text

question

Thomas Morley

answer

a true "Renaissance man"

question

Luca Marenzio

answer

Among the most popular and prolific madrigalists

question

the madrigals generally contained four to six parts and were performed a Capella

answer

true

question

The lute evolved from

answer

an ancient Middle Eastern instrument called the oud

question

the lute's closest "cousin" in the guitar family

answer

the twelve string guitar

question

The Madrigal emerged in Italy during the 1520's

answer

true

question

The most obvious differences between the modern guitar and the lute

answer

the shape of the body and the shape of the neck

question

Jesuit missionaries explored the Great Lakes regions during the 17th century

answer

true

question

Not until recently have Native American musicians begun to merge their traditional music with music from other traditions and to incorporate modern technology

answer

true

question

A few composers of concert music have tried to integrate Native American elements into their compositions

answer

true

question

Native American ceremonial music is closely akin to shamanic drumming

answer

true

question

Native American music has always been embraced and fully understood by mainstream culture

answer

false

question

The function of the Native American music as medicinal could not be understood by the Europeans

answer

true

question

The musical setting of "Barbara Allen"

answer

emotionally divorced from the lyric, conveying no sense of the tragedies told in the stanzas

question

The song "Barbara Allen" is in strophic form

answer

true

question

Folk songs fed into rock-era music, most notably the music of singer-songwriters

answer

true

question

Traditional performance of folk songs remained a customary part of life in isolated regions through the early 20th century in North America

answer

true

question

A ballad is a song with a simple, tuneful melody and a lyric that tells a story

answer

true

question

the challenge for madrigal composers was to

answer

integrate words and music and to have the music enhance the message of the words

question

The madrigalist flourished during a century-long gap between

answer

the start of music printing and the popularity of keyboard instruments

question

madrigal singing was not popular in England during the reign of Elizabeth I

answer

false

question

a vocal form in which different lyrics are sung to each repetition of the same melody is called

answer

strophic form

question

some madrigals were composed as intermission pieces between acts of play, and sometimes upstaged the main attraction

answer

true

question

During the Sun Dance, a sacrifice of lambs would take place

answer

false

question

Recitatives showcase the expressiveness of the human voice and are among the most lyrical parts of the opera

answer

false

question

instrumentalists were the star attraction in opera, and their showcase was the ensemble

answer

false

question

traditional performance of folk songs remained a customary part of life in isolated regions through the early 20th century in North America

answer

true

question

Common practice harmony gives coherence to large scale compositions, even those lasting an hour or more

answer

true

question

John Gay

answer

composed "The Beggar's Opera"

question

Baroque

answer

describing the new art and architecture that emerged in the late 16th century and continued through the mid 18th century

question

Enlightenment

answer

when reason came to be embraced as the main source of legitimacy for authority

question

Common practice harmony

answer

the most familiar and widely used approach to harmonic organization in Western music

question

pianoforte

answer

keyboard instrument on which performers could play softly or loudly according to the touch

question

growth of music as a business

answer

one of the major developments during the 18th century

question

Classical Style

answer

Term referring to the music in the late 18th century as well as to a general movement throughout Europe

question

W.A. Mozart

answer

child prodigy and composer in the new classical style

question

At the start of his career with the Esterhazy family, Haydn was

answer

a servant who slept the stable while composing symphonies and string quartets

question

European monarchs and revolutionaries reach out to the masses by

answer

adopting or commissioning national anthems

question

Patronage sources for income were supplemented or replaced by

answer

public performances, publishing royalties and private instruction fees

question

The Baroque Era was a time of

answer

energy and motion, virtuosity and ornamentation

question

The composer W.A. Mozart

answer

died penniless, in part because he spent his money as fast as it came in

question

The harmony of this era featured

answer

A particular chord progression written in consistent meter and with a steady beat

question

The music of the 17th and early 18th century is called

answer

Baroque Style

question

At the beginning of the 18th century, Italian music was the most influential

answer

true

question

Mozart spent much of his youth visiting European cities as a child prodigy

answer

true

question

a movement is typically distinguished from adjacent movements by

answer

tempo, meter and sometimes key

question

Suite

answer

a collection of dances linked by key and sometimes melodic material

question

A trio sonata typically requires

answer

four performers with two on melody and two on continuo

question

In an ensemble, one often hears

answer

the rhythm of the harpsichord more clearly than the pitches

question

J.S. Bach spent most of his life

answer

as a music minister for Lutheran churches

question

Ritornello

answer

the Italian word for little return

question

The core instruments of Baroque music

answer

harpsichord and strings

question

The harpsichordist generally uses a figured bass

answer

true

question

A concert conducted by Felix Mendelssohn, long after Bach's death, brought Bach's music to the attention of scholars and audiences and led to him being recognized as a great composer

answer

true

question

The harpsichord is not as touch-sensitive as the piano

answer

true

question

Bach created a chamber music work that verged on being

answer

orchestral

question

Bach rote the first great German opera

answer

false

question

In Bach's 3rd Brandenburg COncerto

answer

the entire movement grows out of the opening ritornello

question

The concerto added a new expressive dimension to Baroque music because it

answer

enabled composers to add variety

question

The most distinctive feature of the concerto was the

answer

contrast between large and small

question

Vivaldi died a wealthy man and was buried in Westminister Abbey

answer

false

question

Composers of Bach's time of composition were highly regarded as the top of the social class and were given complete freedom to compose their own music and style

answer

false

question

Bach's estate contained eight keyboard instruments and ten stringed instruments

answer

true

question

In the Four Seasons concertos, each depicts a season of the year, beginning with spring

answer

true

question

Vivaldi was a prolific composer

answer

true

question

The Four Seasons are the most famous early example of program music

answer

true

question

Bach's concertos do not show any appeal of instrumental variety

answer

false

question

Bach's music is likely to be more expansive than Vivaldi's

answer

true

question

The style of the sonata is derived most directly from the

answer

canzona

question

In the Baroque era, Opus numbers provided some sense of

answer

chronology

question

The Baroque texture contains an obbligato on every refrain

answer

false

question

Professional musicians supplemented their own income by

answer

teaching lessons

question

The most significant developments in the Baroque era orchestra included

answer

building the orchestra around bowed and stringed instruments and standardizing the string section; scoring for specific instruments; composing independent orchestral works; composing orchestral accompaniments to operas, ballets, and sacred music;

question

Messiah

answer

new testament oratorio by G.F. Handel

question

"Coffee Cantata"

answer

secular cantata by Bach

question

oratorio

answer

tells a story through music, but is presented in concert and not staged

question

Chorus

answer

large scale work that is built around the choral for a church service

question

"Ein' feste Burg"

answer

Luther's choral used by Bach as a basis for Cantata No. 80

question

church cantata

answer

cantata written for liturgical use

question

chorale

answer

religious song for the congregation that is related to scriptures

question

Handel completed the entire oratorio Messiah in

answer

about three weeks

question

Works such as the following summarize Bach's understanding of Baroque Style

answer

The well-Tempered Clavier; The Musical Offering; The Art of the Fugue; the Catholic mass and the cantatas

question

Handel integrated_______into continuity better than any other comopser of his time

answer

contrast

question

Handel's____are based on religious subjects

answer

oratorios

question

Like Bach, handel makes little fundamental distinction between sacred and____style

answer

secular

question

Handel used inventive accompaniments and busy counterpoint

answer

true

question

Handel's operas were much more successful that his oratorios

answer

false

question

J.S. Bach effectively fused the expressive power of Baroque style with the familiar message of the chorale

answer

true

question

The British anthem has

answer

a simple message and a memorable melody

question

The tune for "Gotterhalte Franz den Kaiser" written by Franz Joseph Haydn

answer

later became the Protestant hymn, "Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken" and also the national anthems of Austria and Germany

question

"God Save the King" was initially written during a political campaign between King George II and

answer

Bonnie Prince Charlie

question

The adoption of hymnlike anthems became a tool to affirm monarchial authority

answer

true

question

The French National anthem was composed during a single night in April 1792 by an army officer who was also an amateur musician

answer

true

question

Billings's first publication contained

answer

mainly psalms and hymn tunes

question

The first of Billings's six volumes of music was published in

answer

1770

question

The simple tune to "Chester" makes the lyrics

answer

easily accessible

question

Two of Billings's friends were

answer

Paul Revere and Samuel Adams

question

The American Revolutionary song, "Yankee Doodle" was originally from Ireland

answer

false

question

William Billings was basically a self-taught composer

answer

true

question

By 1750, what instrument had the piano almost completely supplanted as the keyboard instrument of choice

answer

harpsichord

question

What main feature distinguishes the piano from the harpsichord?

answer

the name of the instrument

question

Like the string quartet, the symphony had how many movements?

answer

four

question

At the turn of the century, who led one of the most popular concert bands?

answer

John Philip Sousa

question

transistions

answer

rtion of the exposition in sonata form that moves decisively to a new key and highlights the move

question

string quartet

answer

chamber ensemble consisting of two violins, a viola, and a cello

question

Esterhazy

answer

the family for which Haydn worked for most of his life

question

development

answer

section of sonata form where material from the exposition is developed, and reflects instability

question

exposition

answer

serves to establish the basic character of a movement and create the musical idea in sonata form

question

Sonata form

answer

contains three major sections and sometimes a coda

question

Franz Joseph Haydn

answer

known as the father of the symphony and string quartet

question

Kochel

answer

the man who attempted to arrange all of Mozart's known works in chronological order

question

introduction

answer

optional section of a sonata form in slow tempo, common in classical symphonies

question

recapitulation

answer

restatement of sonata form's exposition

question

The inventor of the piano, who was also the instrument keeper for the Medici family, was

answer

Bartolomeo Cristofori

question

Sonata form is allowed for

answer

presentation, development and resolution of multiple themes within a single movement

question

The Exposition serves two main purposes which are

answer

to establish the basic character of the movement d to create the musical idea that is to be worked out

question

The musician responsible for establishing the string quartet as an important genre was

answer

Franz Joseph Haydn

question

The term "coda" identifies the section of music that comes

answer

after the end of the recapitulation

question

Christoph W. Gluck fought against the reform of opera

answer

false

question

The first theme and the second theme are the two places in the exposition that confirm a key

answer

true

question

Haydn's London audiences would certainly have heard his "Surprise Symphony" as

answer

something new

question

Like the string quartet, the symphony had_____movements

answer

four

question

The second movement of a symphony was

answer

slow

question

The third movement of a symphony was typically

answer

a minuet or a scherzo

question

Timpani of the era were

answer

limited to one note per drum

question

The brass instruments of the late eighteenth century did not have the valves or pistons that enable performers to easily play all the notes of the scale

answer

true

question

Beethoven is widely regarded as the "father of the symphony."

answer

false

question

Haydn's first visit to London in 1791 was not successful and had to return again to make up for his poor reception and lack of success

answer

false

question

The most famous "surprise" occurs in the second movement of Haydn's symphony

answer

true

question

scherzo

answer

playful, high-spirited third movement of a symphony

question

Surprise Symphony

answer

Haydn's symphony No. 94 in G

question

Louis XIV

answer

symphony introduction originated at the French court to help this king move to the royal box

question

symphony

answer

an extended work for orchestra that typically contains four movements

question

Vienna

answer

cultural city of importance

question

instrumental music, especially the symphony

answer

grew in prestige during the 18th century

question

four

answer

number of movements in a Classical era symphony

question

rondo form

answer

often used for the final movement of a symphony, tuneful opening theme returns again and again

question

flutes, oboes, bassoons

answer

woodwind instrument used during the late 18th century

question

Johann Peter Salomon

answer

composer, violinist, and impresario who invited Haydn to England

question

At the turn of the century, concert bands, such as the on led by_____became popular

answer

John Philip Sousa

question

Instrument makers invented dozens of new instruments, most were

answer

metal wind instruments

question

Scholars who research the history of music are called

answer

musicologists

question

The first American conservatory was ______, founded in 1857

answer

Peabody conservatory

question

Prior to an orchestra concert

answer

the oboe generally plays the tuning pitch A

question

Concertos of Mozart, especially keyboard concertos

answer

18th century concertos that routinely appear on concert programs in contemporary symphony orchestras

question

Mozart's piano concertos outnumber

answer

his concertos for all other instruments combined

question

Mozart enjoyed international reputation as composer and

answer

one of the finest keyboard players in Europe

question

Piano concertos are different from all other concertos because

answer

The piano is a self-sufficient instrument

question

The most familiar concertos of the Classical era

answer

Mozart's

question

what is integral to the Classical style and especially to the of Mozart

answer

balance

question

1780

answer

The year Mozart composed most of his piano concertos

question

Salzburg

answer

the birthplace of Mozart

question

The saxophone eventually became all of the following

answer

a full-time memeber of the military band; a part-time member of the orchestra; the dominant wind instrument in popular music

question

Wagner claimed that the future direction of music was

answer

the synthesis of the arts

question

Over five percent of Vienna's population attended Mozart's funeral

answer

false

question

The performance of Bach's St. Matthew's Passion in 1892 was the first public performance of the work since Bach's death

answer

true

question

Two of the greatest virtuoso players lived during this era, and they were

answer

Liszt and Paganini

question

The grandest staged music event of the century was

answer

Richard Wagner's "Der Ring des Nibelungen," a cycle of four music dramas that last about fifteen hours

question

The Bayreuth Festspielhaus is

answer

the theater constructed specifically for the performances of Wagner's works

question

Much of the important solo and orchestral literature demanded greater fluency and

answer

new techniques

question

In the United States, the new mass entertainment included

answer

musical comedy, minstrel shows and concerts by touring concert bands

question

Around 1800, the piano was a delicate wooden-framed instrument with a range of five octaves

answer

true

question

The Great American Inventor, Benjamin Franklin, successfully captured his voice on a device he called a recordophone

answer

false

question

The sonata and "sonata form" are two entirely different entities

answer

true

question

The pitch of a sound is determined by its

answer

frequency

question

Repetition is a verbatim restatement of something heard earlier in the work

answer

true

question

a style label evokes the common features of

answer

similar musical works

question

Handel's Messiah, Mozart's Don Giovanni, and Beethoven's Fifth symphony are

answer

true classics

question

style

answer

provides common ground between creator and audience

question

Simple repetion does not convey any larger organization

answer

true

question

Beethoven composed 32 piano sonatas with opus numbers over a 25 year period

answer

true

question

Beethoven gained a loyal following among aristocrats, including three who

answer

supported him with an annual stipend that enabled him to concetrate on composing

question

In a piano "duel" with Steibelt, Beethoven once

answer

grabbed the cellist's music, put it on the piano rack upside down, made the music into a theme and then improvised on it

question

The revolutionary qualities in Beethoven's music

answer

set it apart from the music of other composers

question

Beethoven was totally deaf for the last decade of his life

answer

true

question

Charles Schultz sometimes showed actual excerpts from beethoven's music whenever he featured Schroeder at the piano in the comic strip

answer

true

question

In the eighteenth-century, the piano was mostly a woman's instrument

answer

true

question

Beethoven had to stop performing publicly because of his deafness

answer

true

question

The second movement of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony responds to unreleased tension of the first movement with a more violent and pessimistic mood`

answer

false

question

The playful, more high-spirited third movement of a symphony is called

answer

scherzo

question

beethoven built on the Classical style as defined by the music of Mozart and Haydn

answer

true

question

Beethoven's finale for the FifthSymphony is shortest of the four movements

answer

false

question

Beethoven opens the fifth Symphony with a _____ and not a _____

answer

motive, melody

question

1820-1900

answer

dates of the Romantic Era

question

Bonn

answer

birthplace of Beethoven

question

scherzo and trio

answer

more modern version of the minuet and trip, typically the third movement in a four-movement work

question

piano sonatas

answer

Beethoven composed thirty-two of these with Opus numbers

question

1770-1820

answer

dates of the Classical Ear

question

Haydn

answer

composer with whom Beethoven studied compostition

question

symphonies

answer

Beethoven composed nine of these

question

Pathetique

answer

Beethoven Sonata in C minor Op. 13

question

revolutionary qualities in Beethoven's music

answer

that which set Beethoven apart from other composers

question

Foster's innovative synthesis of the parlor song and the minstrel show song was called

answer

the plantation song

question

In parlor songs, Foster used _________________________ as inspiration

answer

European music from earlier in the century

question

In "Old Folks at Home," Foster tried to create a new song style:

answer

the plantation song

question

Parlor songs

answer

told sentimental stories, set to simple melodies with and unobtrusive accompaniment

question

Those who came from the country and urban working class and flocked to theaters and dance halls where minstrels performed were referred to as

answer

lowbrows

question

Versions of the songs which were published containing only the lyrics were called

answer

songsters

question

American Popular Music is distinctively and recognizably American and is widely popular.

answer

true

question

Lowbrows came mainly from the country and the urban working class

answer

true

question

Stephen Foster died penniless at age 37.

answer

true

question

"Old Folks at Home" became the best-known song in the nineteenth-century America.

answer

true

question

Stephen Foster

answer

is remembered as America's best songwriter during the nineteenth century

question

Robert Schumann became one of the most hated music critics in Europe.

answer

False

question

Robert Schumann was almost ten years older than Clara, and met her when she was a child and he had moved in to study piano with her father.

answer

True

question

Although Friedrich Wieck knew about Robert's lack of discipline and drinking problem, he gave his blessings to the marriage and allowed Clara to marry in her teens.

answer

False

question

Chopin titled works by genre, and his works included all of the following except

answer

Chorales

question

The concerts of the Romantic pianists included not only their own music and that of their contemporaries but

answer

The music of earlier generations, especially the sonatas of Beethoven.

question

Clara and Robert Schumann are classical music's most famous

answer

married couple

question

Listz reputedly gave the first ______ toward the end of the 1830's

answer

piano recital

question

etude

answer

the french word for "study'

question

Robert Schumann's playing career ended when

answer

he injured two fingers on his right hand

question

Antonin dvorak

answer

grew up near Prague and performed under Smetana

question

In Czech, "furiant" means

answer

a proud, swaggering, conceited man

question

A scale that divides the octave into six equal segments is ______ - tone scale.

answer

Whole

question

Debussy created radically modern music by evolving beyond nineteenth-century music.

answer

False

question

After the Civil War, some of the bands that had formed in major cities became

answer

professional ensembles

question

From the 1890's through the 1920's, the most popular concert band in the United States was

answer

Sousa's New Marine Band

question

The role of professional bands in American musical life around 1900 was much like that of the

answer

contemporary pops orchestra

question

John Philip Sousa was known as the _____.

answer

March King

question

Sousa wrote 136 marches between 1876 and 1931.

answer

True

question

During the 1970's there was a_____revival that popularized the music of Scott Joplin.

answer

ragtime

question

The two-step, a popular social dance, was inspired by Sousa's Washington Post March.

answer

true

question

Cgarkes Uves (Charles Ives) is arguably America's most original _____.

answer

composer

question

Charles Ives attend __________________ University.

answer

Yale

question

Which of Ive's compositions is described as "a sprawling musical collage"?

answer

Putman's Camp

question

Sousa's music was well known and well regarded druing the period it which it was created.

answer

true

question

In his rags, Scott Joplin strived to elevate the vernaclar dance music of an oppressed minority into art by following European practices.

answer

true

question

a riff is

answer

a short, often syncopated , melodic kernel that functioned much like motives in classical music

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