Music appreciation midterm - Flashcards

question

The loudness or softness of a pitch is called its __________ level

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Dynamic

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A faster rate of vibration causes a higher pitch, and a slower rate of vibration causes a lower pitch.

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True

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The term piano means a soft level of volume.

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True

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Intervals have number names.

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True

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The rate of vibration of sound waves is called

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Frequency

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A musical staff has

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5 lines and 4 spaces

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The musical term referring to the distance between two tones is

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Interval

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The highness or lowness of a sound is called its

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Pitch

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Rhythm refers to the arrangement of

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Long and short sounds

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Duple meter has __________ beats per measure.

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Two

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Quadruple meter has __________ beats per measure.

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Four

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The __________ is an instrument that helps composers indicate the tempo of a composition.

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Metronome

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Rests indicate

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Measured silence

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Meter refers to the organization of rhythm into

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metrical patterns of strong and weak beats.

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Triple meter has __________ beats per measure.

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Three

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The rate of speed of a musical composition is its

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Tempo

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melody is sometimes referred to as a

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Tune

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A five-tone scale within the range of an octave is called the

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Pentatonic

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The stopping points that "punctuate" melodic phrases are called

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Cadences

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The chromatic scale divides the octave into

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Half steps

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Melodies based on the major or minor scales always lead to and conclude on the

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Tonic

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The first and last note of either the major or minor scale is called the

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Tonic

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A recurring melody in a movement, a section of a movement, or an entire composition is called a

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Theme

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melody with a song-like character is

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Lyrical

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In music, the opposite of dissonance is

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Consonance

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The fifth step of a diatonic scale is called the

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Dominant

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A single, unaccompanied melodic line has a type of texture called

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Monophony

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The fourth step of a diatonic scale is called the

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Subdominant

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The system of harmony that has been prevalent in the West for nearly three hundred years is called the __________ system.

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Tonal

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A texture that involves melody used in two or more lines simultaneously is called

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Polyphony

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The woodwind family includes the piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, __________, and bassoon.

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Clarinet

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Percussion instruments that produce definitepitches include the timpani, the chimes, andmallet instruments such as the

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xylophone

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The four families of instruments within an orchestra are the

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strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.

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The adjusting levers, buttons, or handles on an organ are called

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Stops

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The quality of sound that is characteristic of a particular voice, instrument, or ensemble is called its

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Timbre

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An electronic instrument that can produce an unlimited variety of sounds as well as modify sounds produced by other sources is the

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Synthesizer

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Included in the brass family are the trumpet, ____________, trombone, and tuba

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French horn

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The instruments in the string family may be played in any of the following ways except

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by blowing gently into the sound-hole.

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The term __________ means the science of sound.

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Acoustics

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Much Greek music was __________, or invented and performed simultaneously, and thus never written in musical notation.

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Improvised

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The Greek doctrine of ____________ concerns the moral and ethical aspects of music.

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Ethos

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The Greek scales were called

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Modes

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The cradle of Western civilization was ancient ___________; many aspects of our culture were born and nurtured there.

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Greece

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The rhythm in Gregorian chant is usually

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Free and flexible

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In the sixth century CE, __________________ collected, organized, and codified the chants for use by the Christian churches in the Western world?

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Pope Gregory

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The twelfth- or thirteenth-century English piece "Sumer is icumen in" is an example of a

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Canon

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The ___________ is the main worship service of the Catholic church.

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Mass

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The Medieval Era is referred to as the Dark Ages because

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it was a chaotic period of social and political unrest.

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After the fall of Rome in the fifth century CE, the _________ became the only effective unifying force in the Western world.

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Christian church

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The most common subject matter for Medieval art is

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Religious subjects

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Gregorian chant was usually sung in _________, so that all of the voices sang the same melody at the same time unaccompanied by instruments.

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Unison

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The first complete setting of the entire Ordinary of the Mass by one composer is thought to be the Missa Notre Dame, by ____________, a fourteenth-century poet and musician.

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Guillaume de Machaut

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The Protestant Reformation erupted in Germany in 1517 when _____________ brought to public attention ninety-five articles of complaint against the church.

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Martin luther

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Music in the Protestant services established by John Calvin consisted only of _____________ tunes.

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Psalm

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The invention of movable-type printing by ___________ in 1440 made possible the wide dissemination of new concepts.

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Johannes Gutenberg

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The Renaissance reflected renewed interest among Europeans in the arts of ancient Greece and Rome.

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True

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Martin Luther believed that church music should include songs in the vernacular language as well as in Latin, so he introduced a new kind of hymn called a

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Chorale

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The Catholic group that advocated reforms within the Catholic church and thus launched the Counter Reformation was the

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Council of trent

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The Renaissance period is known as the Golden Age of

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Polyphony

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Chorales were __________ in form.

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Strophic

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___________, known as the "Prince of Music," was a late Renaissance composer whose conservative church music reflected the values of the Council of Trent.

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Palestrina

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The use of musical devices to dramatize descriptive words or phrases is called word

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Painting

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The Netherlands composer, _____________, was considered by his contemporaries to be the greatest composer who had ever lived.

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Josquin des Prez

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The Renaissance motet had all of the following features except

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the parts were usually played on instruments as well as sung.

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The Calvinists created the __________ for their worship music.

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Psalm tune

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In his ninety-five theses presented to the Catholic church, Martin Luther suggested all of the following except

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Latin should be eliminated from the service entirely.

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The Book of __________ is a collection of 150 songs or poems of praise in the Old Testament of the Bible.

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Psalm

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John Calvin proposed all of the following reforms of church music except

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singing Lutheran chorales.

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Each of the following were characteristic of Palestrina's compositional style except

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words that were not clearly understood.

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The congregational song or hymn introduced into the worship service by Martin Luther was called the Lutheran

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Chorale

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The form of a Renaissance motet is

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Through-composed

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The __________ was a quiet keyboard instrument capable of subtle changes of volume and even a slight vibrato.

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Clavichord

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The madrigal was like the motet in all of the following ways except

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Both had religious texts

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The madrigal originated in Italy but soon became very popular in France

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False

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All of the following instruments required no change in facial expression, could be played in "graceful" positions, and were considered suitable for women to play, except the

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Recorder

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The most widely used instrument during the sixteenth century was a plucked string instrument called the

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Lute

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Instrumental ensembles consisting of members of the same instrument family (organized much like vocal choirs, with soprano, alto, tenor, and bass ranges) were called

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Consorts

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The following are all significant differences between the motet and the madrigal except

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The madrigal was written in Latin

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One of the greatest performers and composers of Renaissance lute music was

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John Dowland

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Sixteenth-century Italy introduced a new type of song to the secular repertoire, the

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Madrigal

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During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the most popular string instrument that was bowed rather than plucked was the

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Viol

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The term homophony refers to a melody in one voice supported by harmony in the others.

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True

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The term baroque means distorted or irregular.

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True

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Eighteenth-century artists described seventeenth-century art as "baroque" because they found it to be

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odd, rough, or irregular.

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Musicians date the Baroque period from about _____ to about ____.

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1600, 1750

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Handel's career as an opera composer made him more dependent on

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The support of the public

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During the Baroque period, composers developed the ___________ system, in which every note of the major or minor scale bears a specific relationship to every other note.

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Tonal

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,In the Baroque system of tonality, all of the pitches of a major or minor scale were specifically related to the first note of the scale, or the

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Tonic

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The date of __________ death (1750) is generally accepted as the end of the Baroque period

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Johann Sebastian Bach's

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The text of an opera is called a(n)

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Libretto

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The composer who suggested that the old and new styles represented the "first" and "second" practices of music was

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Claudio Monteverdi.

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Although the oratorio shares many characteristics with the opera, its most important difference is its

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Religious subject matter

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The world's best-known and best-loved oratorio is Handel's

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Messiah

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The epitome of the Baroque composer, __________, was born in Germany, spent considerable time in Italy, and eventually became a British citizen.

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George friderick handel

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An aria differs from a recitative in

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All of the above

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The term __________ is Italian for "beautiful singing."

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Bel canto

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The term cantata originally meant a piece to be

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Sung

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What types of instruments were made by the Stradivari and Guarneri families?

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Violins

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The toccata was frequently followed in performance by a(n)

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Fugue

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The __________ is an imitative polyphonic composition with two to six melodic lines or "voices."

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Fugue

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The short sets of stylized dance pieces for lute or keyboard popular during the Renaissance were expanded in the Baroque to multimovement works called

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Suites

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A __________ is a relatively short keyboard piece which may be an independent composition or an introduction to another piece or set of pieces.

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Prelude

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Keyboard players improvised the harmonies using a system of musical shorthand called

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Figured bass

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A __________ is a showy keyboard piece that exploits the technical brilliance or virtuosity of the performer.

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Toccato

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A religious keyboard composition based upon the melody of a Lutheran chorale is a chorale

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Prelude

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__________ was ordained a priest, but spent most of his life as a professional musician.

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Vivaldi

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Baroque instrumental music

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All of the above

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The ritornello was most often played by the

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Orchestra

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In 1912, Schoenberg wrote a __________ calledPierrot Lunaire (The Moonstruck Pierrot).

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Song cycle

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Post-Romanticism refers to the last stage and aftermath of __________ Romanticism, which was dominant throughout the late nineteenth century.

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German

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__________, best known for his powerful symphonies, used a huge orchestra and extensive range of orchestral colors.

answer

Gustav mahler

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Music in which there is no dominance of or momentum toward a tonic pitch, like that written by Schoenberg, is called

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Atonal

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__________, a leader of Post-Romantic composers, was strongly influenced by both Romanticism of Wagner and the Classicism of Mozart

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Richard Strauss

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Schoenberg's music reflected the influence of the famous Viennese psychologist

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Sigmund Freud

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__________, an Impressionistic composer, was primarily a classicist who used clearly defined melodic phrases, strong rhythms, and functional harmonies based on traditional key relationships

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Maurice Ravel

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The first and greatest Impressionistic composer was

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Claude Debussy

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A late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century musical style that resulted from explorations of the subconscious mind was called

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Expressionism

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In America, __________ became known as the American Impressionist.

answer

Charles Griffes

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The musical masterpiece of Primitivism, Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring), was written by Russian composer

answer

Igor Stravinsky

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Charles Ives wrote provocative essays about important literary figures, including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, and he portrayed some of them musically in his piano composition, the __________ Sonata

answer

Concord

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John Cage wrote random music to be "played" by several radios. The title of this composition is

answer

Imaginary Landscape no 1

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In The Tides of Mananaun, Henry Cowell introduced ________, groups of randomly selected notes played with the flat of the hand or the arm.

answer

Tone clusters

question

In the 1940s, John Cage devised an economical means of expanding the range of a piano's sound by inventing the __________ piano.

answer

Prepared

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__________, born in California and reared in an atmosphere that precluded allegiance to musical orthodoxy, loved Chinese music and modal church music, country fiddle tunes, early American hymns, and Irish folk tunes.

answer

Henry Cowell

question

In the twelve-tone method of composition, all twelve notes within an octave are

answer

arranged into a series, or row that forms the basis of the work.

question

__________ conducted far-reaching experiments that extended the range of timbres that may be produced by a grand piano

answer

Henry Cowell

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,The revolutionaries who have radically altered not only the traditional methods of composing and presenting music, but also the very concept of what constitutes music as opposed to noise are called

answer

Experimentalist

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__________ studied composition with three important revolutionaries: Schoenberg, Varèse, and Cowell

answer

John Cage

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An inventive nature, plus an unconventional upbringing, destined __________ to become an Experimentalist who made his living selling insurance.

answer

Charles Ives

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In addition to his talents as a composer and scholar, Bartók was also an accomplished

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Pianist

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The first African American composer of Western art music to achieve significant success was

answer

William Grant Still

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Bartók's serious and scientific study of __________ music led him to become one of the first and finest ethnomusicologists.

answer

Folk

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The field of __________ is the scientific study of music.

answer

Musicology

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The study of music of specific cultures is the science of

answer

Ethnomusicology

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Bartók's __________ are considered the finest since Beethoven's and are often compared with those of the late Viennese master for their strength and complexity.

answer

String quartets

question

Philip Glass has evolved a style of music that is sometimes referred to as

answer

...

question

In 1912, Schoenberg wrote a __________ calledPierrot Lunaire (The Moonstruck Pierrot).

answer

Song cycle

question

Post-Romanticism refers to the last stage and aftermath of __________ Romanticism, which was dominant throughout the late nineteenth century.

answer

German

question

__________, best known for his powerful symphonies, used a huge orchestra and extensive range of orchestral colors.

answer

Gustav mahler

question

Music in which there is no dominance of or momentum toward a tonic pitch, like that written by Schoenberg, is called

answer

Atonal

question

__________, a leader of Post-Romantic composers, was strongly influenced by both Romanticism of Wagner and the Classicism of Mozart

answer

Richard Strauss

question

Schoenberg's music reflected the influence of the famous Viennese psychologist

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

__________, an Impressionistic composer, was primarily a classicist who used clearly defined melodic phrases, strong rhythms, and functional harmonies based on traditional key relationships

answer

Maurice Ravel

question

The first and greatest Impressionistic composer was

answer

Claude Debussy

question

A late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century musical style that resulted from explorations of the subconscious mind was called

answer

Expressionism

question

In America, __________ became known as the American Impressionist.

answer

Charles Griffes

question

The musical masterpiece of Primitivism, Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring), was written by Russian composer

answer

Igor Stravinsky

question

Charles Ives wrote provocative essays about important literary figures, including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, and he portrayed some of them musically in his piano composition, the __________ Sonata

answer

Concord

question

John Cage wrote random music to be "played" by several radios. The title of this composition is

answer

Imaginary Landscape no 1

question

In The Tides of Mananaun, Henry Cowell introduced ________, groups of randomly selected notes played with the flat of the hand or the arm.

answer

Tone clusters

question

In the 1940s, John Cage devised an economical means of expanding the range of a piano's sound by inventing the __________ piano.

answer

Prepared

question

__________, born in California and reared in an atmosphere that precluded allegiance to musical orthodoxy, loved Chinese music and modal church music, country fiddle tunes, early American hymns, and Irish folk tunes.

answer

Henry Cowell

question

In the twelve-tone method of composition, all twelve notes within an octave are

answer

arranged into a series, or row that forms the basis of the work.

question

__________ conducted far-reaching experiments that extended the range of timbres that may be produced by a grand piano

answer

Henry Cowell

question

,The revolutionaries who have radically altered not only the traditional methods of composing and presenting music, but also the very concept of what constitutes music as opposed to noise are called

answer

Experimentalist

question

__________ studied composition with three important revolutionaries: Schoenberg, Varèse, and Cowell

answer

John Cage

question

An inventive nature, plus an unconventional upbringing, destined __________ to become an Experimentalist who made his living selling insurance.

answer

Charles Ives

question

In addition to his talents as a composer and scholar, Bartók was also an accomplished

answer

Pianist

question

The first African American composer of Western art music to achieve significant success was

answer

William Grant Still

question

Bartók's serious and scientific study of __________ music led him to become one of the first and finest ethnomusicologists.

answer

Folk

question

The field of __________ is the scientific study of music.

answer

Musicology

question

The study of music of specific cultures is the science of

answer

Ethnomusicology

question

Bartók's __________ are considered the finest since Beethoven's and are often compared with those of the late Viennese master for their strength and complexity.

answer

String quartets

question

Philip Glass has evolved a style of music that is sometimes referred to as

answer

Minimalism

question

The German word for Hindemith's concept of functional or useful music is

answer

Gebrauchsmusik

question

Stravinsky's ballet __________ is often cited as the first work in the Neoclassical style.

answer

Pulcinella

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__________ was the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music, in 1983

answer

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

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Prokofiev's Symphony no. 1, the Classical, was intended to sound as if ________ had written it in the twentieth century.

answer

Haydn

question

Glass's opera Einstein on the Beachincorporates all but which of the following visual themes into its music:

answer

Beach

question

Which of the following movie soundtracks was the first electronic film score to win an Academy Award?

answer

Midnight express

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The term temp refers to

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a temporary score consisting of existing music.

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Leonard Bernstein's musical West Side Story is a modern retelling of Shakespeare's

answer

Romeo and Juliet

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_______________ dominated the musical stage on Broadway and in London during the 1980s and 1990s

answer

Andrew Lloyd Webber

question

The best-known of all American operas is

answer

Porgy and Bess

question

The American composer of musicals Stephen Sondheim introduced ___________, which intentionally leave audiences wondering about their meaning and resolution.

answer

Concept musicals

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___________ was a pianist, conductor, and composer who made significant contributions to the Broadway musical, most notably West Side Story

answer

Leonard Bernstein

question

John Williams composed the film scores for all but which of the following films:

answer

He composed all of the above

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The music for a movie, called the ________, builds a sense of continuity by filling awkward pauses in action or dialogue.

answer

Film score

question

The first musical born of the prolific collaboration between Oscar Hammerstein and Richard Rodgers was

answer

Oklahoma

question

Highly improvisatory, __________ has a fast tempo and a danceable beat, a "big band" version of what the early jazz musicians had been playing all along.

answer

Swing

question

__________ consists of syncopated melody that was related to a favorite dance called the cakewalk

answer

Rag time

question

In the 1920s, white musicians first imitated the New Orleans style in what became known as __________ jazz.

answer

Dixieland

question

Charlie "Bird" Parker and the great jazz trumpet player __________ returned to the early ideals of jazz: improvisation, virtuosity, and close musical interaction within the ensemble.

answer

Dixie Gillespie

question

__________ was an early jazz soloist whose improvisations on trumpet and cornet combined technical brilliance, melodic inventiveness and extraordinary emotional depth

answer

Louis Armstrong

question

__________ made swing famous in the mid-1930s.

answer

Benny Goodman

question

__________ evolved in the American South sometime after the Civil War, as newly emancipated blacks, struggling in a hostile environment, lamented their hard lot in a new form of solo song

answer

The blues

question

__________ was an important figure in the transition from ragtime to the New Orleans style of jazz

answer

Jelly Roll Morton

question

Blue notes are variable pitches that occur on all of the following notes of the scale except the

answer

Tonic

question

The term scatting refers to when a singer

answer

fills the breaks in the lyrics by singing neutral or nonsense syllables.

question

Boogie-woogie has an improvised, syncopated melody over a distinctive, rhythmic __________ repeated in the bass.

answer

Ostinato

question

Scott Joplin's first commercial success was __________ which allowed him to concentrate on his composing.

answer

Maple leaf rag

question

Although it is closely related to its vocal model, the piano blues, also known as __________, is happy in mood and brisk in tempo.

answer

Boogie-woogie

question

__________ was an outstanding jazz pianist, big band leader, and arranger who also wrote a number of impressive concert works.

answer

Duke Ellington

question

In the 1950s, __________ jazz offered a more subdued style with lyrical melodies, using instruments not commonly associated with jazz.

answer

Cool

question

In 1924, __________ jazz was introduced at a Carnegie Hall concert of jazz-influenced compositions, including George Gershwin'sRhapsody in Blue.

answer

Symphonic

question

Which of the following techniques did Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington use in his concert jazz compositions?

answer

All of the above

question

,Ornette Coleman and John Coltrane were among the leaders of __________ jazz in the 1960s.

answer

Free

question

_________ is often referred to as America's only truly original music, representative of its personality and soul

answer

Jazz

question

__________ music combines the instrumentation of concert music with the improvisation of jazz in a manner that preserves the style and integrity of each

answer

Third stream

question

Which of the following American jazz musicians are known for integrating composition and improvisation in their work?

answer

All of the above

Music appreciation midterm – Flashcards

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