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Timbre is synonymous with

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tone color

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Degrees of loudness and softness in music are called

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dynamics

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The relative highness or lowness of a sound is called

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pitch

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The distance between the lowest and the highest tones that a voice or instrument can produce is called

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pitch range

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The Italian dynamic marking traditionally used to indicate very soft, loud, and very loud are (respectively)

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pianissimo, forte, fortissimo

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The pitch of a sound is decided by the _______of its vibrations

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frequency

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The distance in pitch between any two tones is called

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an interval

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When two different tones blend so well when sounded together that they almost seem to merge into one tone, the interval is called a(n)

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octave

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The frequency of vibrations is measured in

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cycles per second

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A dynamic accent occurs in music when a performer

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emphasizes a tone by playing it more loudly than the tones around it

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A gradual increase in loudness is known as a

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crescendo

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In music, a sound that has a definite pitch is called a

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tone

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Music can be defined as

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an art based on the organization of sounds in time

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In general, the smaller the vibrating element, the ______ its pitch

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higher

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A thin piece of cane, used singly or in pairs by woodwind players, is called a

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reed

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The strings of a violin are tuned

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by tightening or loosening the pegs

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The lowest instrument in the orchestra is the

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contrabassoon

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Systems of electronic components that generate, modify, and control sound are called

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synthesizers

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A part of an instrument's total range is called a

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register

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The bow that string players usually use to produce sound on their instruments is a slightly curved stick strung tightly with

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horsehair

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The highest woodwind instrument in the orchestra is the

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piccolo

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If a string player uses vibrato by rocking the left hand to produce small pitch fluctuations it is because

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using vibrato make the tone warmer and more expressive

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Plucking the string with the finger instead of using a bow is called

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pizzicato

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Symphonic bands differ from symphonic orchestras in that they

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do not contain a string section

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A piece of wood or plastic that brass players use to alter the tone of their instruments is called a

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mute

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Woodwind instruments are so named because they

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were originally made of wood

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The range of a singer's voice depends on

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training and physical makeup

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The very high-pitched tones that are produced when a string player lightly touches certain points on a string are called

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harmonics

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The main tool of composers of electronic music during the 1950s was the

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tape studio

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The regular pulsation that divides music into equal units of time is known as a(n)

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beat

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When a measure has two beats, it is said to be be in

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duple meter

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The organization of beats into regular groups is known as

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meter

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"Vivace" is a tempo indication which denotes a

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lively tempo

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In syncopation, a _________ is accented

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weak beat

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Rhythm is the ordered flow of music through

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time

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When individual notes are stressed by being played louder or longer than surrounding notes the are said to have

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an accent

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Which of the following tempo indications is the slowest: allegro, allegretto, vivace, presto?

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allegretto

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A system of writing music is known as

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notation

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The _______ shows the pitch of each line and space on the staff

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clef

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Adding a dot to a note increases its duration by

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half

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The meter of a piece is shown by its

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time signature

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A C# is _________ than a C.

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higher

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A combination of three or more tomes sounded at the same time is called

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a chord

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Harmony refers to

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the way chords are constructed and how they follow each other

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The triad built on the fifth step of the scale is called the

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dominant chord

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Resolution refers to a(n)

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dissonant chord moving to a consonant chord

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________ in music adds support, depth, and richness to a melody.

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harmony

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When the individual tones of a chord are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously, it is called a broken chord or

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arpeggio

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A combination of tones that is considered unstable and tense is called a

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dissonance

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Traditionally, a composition would almost always end on a

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tonic chord

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A series of chords is called a(n)

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progression

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A combination of tones that is considered stable and restful is called a

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consonance

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Key refers to

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a central tone, chord, and scale

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Another term for key is

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tonality

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In traditional western music, the _______ is the smallest interval between successive tones of a scale

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half step

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A shift from one key to another within the same composition is called

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modulation

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The central tone around which a musical composition is organized is called the

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tonic

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Retaining some features of a musical idea while changing others is called

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variation

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Ternary form can be represented as

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as statement, contrast, return; or A B A; or A B A'

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The organization of musical ideas in time is called

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form

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The form consisting of a musical statement followed by a counterstatement would be called

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binary

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Changes in musical style from one historical period to the next are usually

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continuous

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We know little about the music of very ancient civilizations because

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very little notated music has survived from these cultures

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Musical texture refers to

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how layers of sound are related to each other

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When a melodic idea is presented by one voice or instrument and then immediately by another voice or instrument, the technique is calledc

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imitation

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A round is an example of

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strict imitation

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When there is one main melody accompanied by chords, the textures is

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homophonic

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The texture of a single melodic line without accompaniment is

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monophonic

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Performance of a single melodic line by more than one instrument or voice is described as playing or singing in

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unison

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The technique of combining several melodic lines into a meaningful whole is called

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counterpoint

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When two or more melodic lines of equal interest are performed simultaneously, the texture is

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polyphonic

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Contrapuntal texture is sometimes used in place of the term

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polyphonic texture

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A melodic phrase ending that sets up expectations for continuation is known as a(n)

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incomplete cadence

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A series of single tones that add up to a recognizable whole is called a

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melody

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The emotional focal point of a melody is called the

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climax

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The repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch is called a

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sequence

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A resting place at the end of a phrase is called a

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cadence

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A shorter part of a melody is called a

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phrase

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Legato refers to playing or singing a melody

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in a smooth, connected style

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A melody that serves as the starting point for a more extended piece of music is called a

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theme

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A melody is said to move by steps if it moves by

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adjacent scale tones

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A short, detached style of playing a melody is known as

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staccato

Music Dynamics and Pitch Range: Exploring Timbre, Tone Color, and Softness

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