question

When defining crime, which of the following is not one of the definitional perspectives found in contemporary criminology?

answer

Environmental

question

A codified law is known as a

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Statute

question

The belief that crime is the result of criteria that have been built into the law by powerful groups is the basis of the ______________ perspective on crime.

answer

Political

question

The _____________ perspective sees crime as a form of social maladjustment.

answer

Psychological

question

Which of the following statements about deviance and crime is true?

answer

Deviance and criminal behavior overlap

question

The Pluralistic perspective suggests that behaviors are typically criminalized through

answer

A political process

question

A police officer or probation officer is best described as a

answer

criminal justice professional

question

A ballistic expert or crime scene photographer is best described as a

answer

criminalist

question

criminologist work for

answer

Universities and other academic institutions; Federal research agencies; Private research organizations

question

____________ definitions focus on criminology's role in uncovering the underlying causes of crime.

answer

causative

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Criminal justice emphasizes

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The application of the criminal law; The study of the components of the criminal justice system

question

A(n) ___________ theory of crime is one that attempts to explain all or most forms of criminal conduct through a single, overarching approach.

answer

General

question

According to various professional groups, violence in television, music, video games, and movies

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May lead to increased levels of violent behavior among children

question

Which of the following statements about the social problems perspective is not true?

answer

It emphasizes crime prevention efforts such as harsher sentences and the development of rehabilitation programs.

question

Which of the following recent developments in national crime control policy was not substantially influenced by the social responsibility perspective?

answer

The development of the Job Corps to reduce unemployment by encouraging the development of job skills

question

Which of the following crimes was not one of the original seven UCR Part 1 offenses?

answer

Arson

question

The __________ is considered a more accurate measure of the actual incidence of crime in the United States.

answer

NCVS

question

According to Elliott Currie, the __________ is the rate of crime calculated on the basis of crimes that would likely be committed by those who are incapacitated by the criminal justice system.

answer

latent crime rate

question

Which of the following is not one of the categories of rape that the UCR distinguishes between?

answer

Attempted statutory rape

question

According to the UCR, there is a(n) _________ relationship between youth and likelihood of arrest.

answer

postitive

question

Which of the following is not a UCR Part 1 offense?

answer

Fraud

question

Hate crimes are most commonly motivated by

answer

racial bias

question

According to the NCVS, members of __________ families are more likely to become victims of violent crimes.

answer

lower income

question

Criminologist __________ is concerned about the development of a new generation of superpredators.

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John J. Dilulio, Jr.

question

A couple is separated but their divorce is not yet final. One night, the husband enters his wife's home and rapes her. Can he be found guilty of rape and why or why not?

answer

Yes, because the marital exemption has been eliminated in most states.

question

Robbery that occurs in a public place, generally out of doors, is known as _________ Robbery.

answer

highway

question

Most burglary targets are.

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private residences

question

UCR data on Part II offenses includes

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information on arrests made by the police

question

According to the NCVS, __________ crimes are most likely to be reported to the police.

answer

violent

question

In general, involvement in crime consistently decreases beginning at about age.

answer

25

question

Which of the following individuals is least likely to be a victim of personal theft, according to the NCVS?

answer

A black female over the age of 65

question

A __________ is a series of interrelated propositions which attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately control some class of events.

answer

Theory

question

A __________ is a concept that can undergo measurable changes.

answer

Variable

question

A differential loss of respondents from comparison groups in a research study may result in __________.

answer

experimental mortality

question

The type of research design that attempts to hold all conditions other than the experimental intervention constant is a __________.

answer

controlled experiment

question

The study of one particular criminal organization is an example of the __________ data-gathering strategy.

answer

Case Study

question

__________ means that when the same conditions exist, the same results can be expected to follow.

answer

Replicability

question

Which of the following is not an example of descriptive statistic?

answer

A test of signicance

question

Which of the following is not one of the criteria that has been advanced for declaring an endeavor "scientific"?

answer

The involvement of distinguished lecturers.

question

The first step in any research is to __________.

answer

Identify the problem

question

__________ are specific events that occur between the first and second observation and which may affect measurement.

answer

History

question

__________ is the process by which individuals are assigned to study groups without biases or differences resulting from selection.

answer

Randomization

question

When a researcher involved in a participant observation study makes his presence known to the group he/she is observing but does not attempt to influence the group's activities, he/she is using the __________ strategy.

answer

participant as observer

question

Inferential statistics involves __________.

answer

generalizing findings obtained from data

question

Techniques that produce measurable results which can be analyzed statistically are __________.

answer

quantitative methods

question

In a research report, the __________ is a brief summation of the report's findings.

answer

abstract

question

Which of the following is an example of mala in se offense?

answer

Assault

question

__________ refers to a traditional body of unwritten legal precedents created through everyday practice and supported by court decisions.

answer

Common Law

question

John Locke's concept of checks and balances between divisions of government was elaborated on by

answer

Montesquieu

question

According to the concept of hedonism, behavior is governed by

answer

Consideration of pleasure and pain

question

In routine activities theory, an individual who effectively discourages crime is known as a

answer

Capable guardian

question

__________ seeks to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality.

answer

Specific deterrence

question

__________ is a strategy that mandates a specific and fixed amount of time to be served for each type of offense.

answer

Determinate sentencing

question

Which of the following is not one of the basic assumptions or principles of the classical school?

answer

Most human behavior results from forces that are beyond the control of the individual. it wasn't me

question

The first known body of formal written law, which recorded and standardized existing laws in Babylonia, is known as the

answer

Code of Hammurabi

question

The belief that the natural human condition at birth is that of blank slate is ascribed to

answer

John Locke

question

According to Beccaria, __________ proof exists when some possibility of innocence remains

answer

Imperfect

question

The Principle of __________ is not one of the five fundamental principles of the Classical School.

answer

Subjectivity

question

The use of a steering wheel lock such as "The Club" on your car is an example of the __________ technique of situational crime prevention.

answer

Target hardening

question

The biblical injunction of "an eye for an eye" represents the concept of

answer

Just deserts

question

The repetition of criminal behavior by those already involved in crime is know as

answer

Recidivism

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