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this short, thematic motive recurs fifth. short short long. fate knocking at the door

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which of the following statements about the music heard in this audio section are correct

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mozart

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musical selection is a theme from a symphony composed

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left salzburg 25 popular in prague friends with hadyn

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adult career mozart

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when the music begins new tempo, broken octaves. intro to first ends main theme begins tempo changes suddenly from slow to very fast

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which of the following statements describe what is heard in the music passage in this recording

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independent or the final movement such as a symphony or sonata, abacaba

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rondo form

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symphony no. 40 in g minor

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this musical selection is from mozart's

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a lyric theme in the woodwinds becomes a loud theme in the brass instruments, short short long clarinets trumpets,

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heard in this selection from the SECOND movement of beethoven's fifth symphony

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contains modulations through several keys. uses motives with new emotion meanings. combines motives to create polyphony.

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the development section of a movement in sonata form

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lallardo

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who is the composer of this audio recording and what is the title of the composition

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selection is part of the coda, descending violin melody introduces a new rising theme

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what is heard in this selection from the FIRST movement of beethovens fifth symphony

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minuet followed by the beginning of a trio

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which of the following best describes what is heard in the audio recording

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rondo gypsy, rondo lively easy to remember

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which of the following statements accurately describes this musical selection

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first movement

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this musical selection is from which movement of mozart's symphony no. 40 in G minor

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a hushed mysterious theme is followed by the famous short-short-long rhythm introduced in the first movement

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which of the following statements best describes what is heard in this selection from the THIRD movement of Beethoven's fifth symphony

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bass line new key. entry of the lyric second theme in the exposition following the end of the bridge. the conclusion of the bridge in the exposition of a movement in sonata form.

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which of the following accurately describe what is heard in this selection from mozart's symphony no. 40 in g minor

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trio section of the third movement comes to an end and the minuet returns

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which of the following statements accurately describes this selection form mozart's symphony no. 40 in G minor

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a bridge following the third movement connects with the fourth movement, the trumpets proclaim the main theme of the final movement. woodwinds and strings short short long

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heard in beethoven's fifth symphony (overall)

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the transition from the baroque style to the full flowering of the classical

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Pre-classical period

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Carl Philipp Emanuel and Johann Christian

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Two important pioneers were Bach's sons

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was applied to this light, graceful music, in music style gallant is comparable to the rococo style in art.

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Style Galant

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Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven

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3 Artists who flourished from 1770-1820 and the world's greatest composers

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A classical composition will fluctuate in mood. Dramatic, turbulent music might lead into a care free dance tune.

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Contrast of mood

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A classical composition has a wealth of rhythmic patterns, whereas a baroque piece contains a few patterns that are reiterated throughout. Classical includes unexpected pauses, syncopation, and frequent changes from long notes to shorter notes.

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Rhythm

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Classical music is basically homophonic. Pieces shift smoothly or suddenly from one texture to another.

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Texture

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Composers usually borrowed popular tunes. Classical melodies tend to sound balanced and symmetrical because they are frequently made up of two phrases of the same length.

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Melody

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Classical composers interest in expressing shades of emotion led to the widespread use of gradual dynamic change-crescendo and decrescendo. Composers did not restrict themselves to the terraced dynamics characteristic of baroque music. Crescendos and decrescendos were an electrifying novelty; audiences sometimes rose excitedly from their seats. During the classical period, the desire for gradual dynamic change led to the replacement of the harpsichord by the piano. The late 18th century piano called a fortepiano-weighed much less than the modern piano and had thinner strings held by a frame made of wood rather than metal.

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Dynamics and the piano

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The basso continuo was gradually abandoned during the classical period. One reason was because it became obsolete was that more and more music was written for amateurs, who couldn't master the difficult art of improvising from a figured bass. Second reason is classical composers wanted more control, they preferred to specify an accompaniment rather than trust the judgement of improvisers.

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End of the basso continuo

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It was a standard group of four sections: strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion. ex: Strings-1st violins, 2nd violins, violas, cellos, double basses Woodwinds-2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons Brass-2 french horns, 2 trumpets Percussion-2 timpani The number if musicians was greater in a classical orchestra than in a baroque group.

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Classical orchestra

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The strings were the most important section, with the first violins taking the melody most of the time and the lower strings providing an accompaniment. The woodwinds added contrasting tone colors and were often given melodic solos. Horns and trumpets brought power to loud passages and filled out the harmony, but they did not usually play the main melody. Timpani were used for a rhythmic bite and emphasis.

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Roles in classical orchestra

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1. fast movement 2. Slow movement 3. Dance-related movement 4. Fast movement Classical symphonies and string quartets usually follow this four-movement pattern, whereas classical sonatas may consist of two, three, or four movements.

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Classical forms

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is written for orchestra

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Symphony

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is for two violins, viola, and cello

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String quartet

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for one or two instruments

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Sonata

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was the first, and was content to spend most of his life serving a wealthy aristocratic family.

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Joseph Hayden

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born 24 yrs later, couldn't bear being treated as a servant. He broke from his court position and went to Vienna to try his luck as a freelance musician. He was very popular for several yrs, then his fame declined and he died in debt.

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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was able to work as an independent musician in Vienna. His success was gained through a wider middle-class market for music and a commanding personality that promoted the nobility to give him gifts and treat him as an equal.

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Ludwig van Beethoven

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was one of the music centers of Europe during the classical period, and Hayden, Mozart, and Beethoven were all active there. 4th largest city in Europe

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Vienna

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Haydn and Mozart wrote many outdoor entertainment pieces.

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Divertimentos or Serenades

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refers to the form of a single movement. It should not be confused with the term sonata, which is used for a whole composition made up of several movements.

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Sonata form or sonata-allegro form

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consists of 3 main sections: the Exposition, where the themes are presented. The Development, where themes are treated in new ways. And the Recapitulation, where the themes return. The three main sections are often followed by a concluding section, the coda (Italian for tail)

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Sonata-form movement

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sets up a strong conflict between the tonic key and the new key, and between the first theme and the second theme. It begins with the first theme in the tonic key, or home key. Then comes bridge or transition, leading to the second theme, which is in a new key.

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Exposition

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is often the most dramatic section of the movement. Themes are developed, or treated in new ways. They are broken into fragments, or motives, which are short musical ideas developed within a composition.

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Development

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the beginning of it brings resolution, as we again hear the first theme in the tonic key. In the recapitulation the first theme, bridge, second theme, and concluding section are presented more or less as they were in the exposition, with one difference all the principal material is now in the tonic key.

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Recapitulation

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rounds off a movement by repeating themes or developing them further. IT ALWAYS ENDS IN THE TONIC KEY.

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Coda

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was widely used in the classical period, it is a basic musical idea-the theme-is repeated over and over and is changed in time.

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Theme and variations

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in variations 1 and 3 the original melody is accompanied by a new one.

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Countermelody

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is often used as the third movement of classical symphonies, string quartets, and other works. It originated as a dance, it was a stately, dignified dance in which the dancing couple exchanged curtsies and bows. Is written for listening not dancing, it is in triple meter and usually in a moderate tempo, it is in A B A form. the second dance was known as a trio because it was played by 3 instruments.

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Minuet and trio or minuet

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from the beginning

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Da capo

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is usually A B A form and triple meter, but it moves quickly, generating energy, rhythmic drive and rough humor.

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Scherzo Italian for joke

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a work that is usually light in mood, meant for evening entertainment. it is written for a small string orchestra or for a string quartet plus a double bass.

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Serenade

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features a tuneful main theme (A) that returns several times in alternation with other themes. common rondo patterns are A B A C A and A B A C A B A.

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Rondo

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contains a development section like that in sonata form and is outlined A B A- development section- A B A.

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Sonata-rondo

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is an extended, ambitious composition typically lasting between 20 - 45 min. exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics of the classical orchestra.

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Symphony *

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is a 3 movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. It combines the soloist's virtuosity and interpretive abilities with the orchestra's wide range of tone color and dynamics. has 3 movements: fast, slow, and fast. it also has no minuet or scherzo.

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Concerto

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in the first movement and sometimes in the last movement, there is a special unaccompanied showpiece for the soloist. indicated in the score by a fermata, a sign meaning pause, which is placed over the chord.

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Cadenza Italian for cadence

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is designed for the intimate setting of a room in a home, rather than a public concert hall. it is performed by a small group of 2 or 9 musicians, with 1 player to a part. Doesn't need a conductor, so it is like a small jazz group.

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Chamber music

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is the most important form in classical chamber music, written for 2 violins, a viola, and a cello. usually has 4 movements: fast, slow, minuet or scherzo, and fast.

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String quartet*

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born in Austria, then played for rich families, died in 1809 at the age of 77.

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Joseph Haydn

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born in Salzburg, Austria, at the age of 8 he wrote a symphony, between the ages of 6 and 15 he was on tour. At the age of 25 he went to Vienna to be a freelance musician.

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart *

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is a blend of comic and serious opera making fun of the Spanish lover Don Juan.

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*Don Giovanni

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born in Germany. at age 29 he felt the first symptoms of deafness.

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Ludwig van Beethoven

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high violins, dun dun dun dundunit, repeated, then slow and that tone is repeated.

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Mozart, Symphony no. 40

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sharp picked violins, 1st part repeated 3 times, then gets softer then a loud bang.

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Haydn, Symphony No. 94 in G Major

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two sharp fast strokes of violin then a drawn out tone, repeated, then gets quiet and returns to normal tone.

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Mozart, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik

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fast pitched strings of the violin, then dun dun dunnn and repeated, changes tones when a solo violin leads.

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Beethoven, String Quartet in C minor

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pit orchestra of string instruments, starts then stops twice then softly plays, then a male opera signer comes in.

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Mozart, Don Giovanni

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soft violins, then a low viola, then a high pitched flute joins, then a fast past piano keys in the middle of the song.

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Mozart, Piano Concerto no. 23

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(clapping) loud dun dun dun dunn repeated, then soft playing and gradually gets louder.

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Beethoven, Symphony no. 5

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1750-1820, Haydn and Mozart, and early Beethoven.

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"Classical" music

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"The Age of Reason", thinkers gave free rein to the pursuit of truth and the discovery of natural laws, formulated largely by Isaac Newton (1642-1727). French encyclopedists Voltaire (1694-1778) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) espoused the principles of social justice, equality, religious tolerance, and freedom of speech. By the end of the eighteenth century, the Age of Reason gave way to the Age of Revolution.

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Enlightenment

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(founded in 1725), the most successful Parisian concert series. at which the West's first non-court orchestra played a regular schedule of performances. advertised its performances by means of flyers distributed in the streets. To make its offerings accessible to several strata of society, it instituted a two-tiered pricing scale for a subscription series (4 livres for boxes and 2 livres for the pit, roughly $200 and $100 in today's money). Children under fifteen were admitted for half price. The "for profit" concert as we know it today dates from this time.

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Concert spirituel

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exemplified social change and championed middle-class values. Made use of everyday characters and situations; it typically employed spoken dialogue and simple songs in place of recitatives and lengthy arias; and it was liberally spiced with sight gags, bawdy humor, and social satire.

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comic opera "opera buffa"

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the villain is a leading nobleman of the town

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Don Giovanni (1787) - written my Mozart

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a barber outsmarts a count and exposes him to public ridicule. (So seriously did the king of France and the Holy Roman Emperor take the threat of such theatrical satire that they banned the play on which The Marriage of Figaro was based.)

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Le nozze di Figaro (1786) -The Marriage of Figaro Written my Mozart

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soft-loud

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pianoforte

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are units that operate together: one opens, the other closes (again, "away"-"home" if you wish).

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antecedent and consequent phrases

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Many major artists of the eighteenth century journeyed to Rome to absorb the ancient classical style, and what they created in painting and architecture.

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Neoclassicism

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Englishwoman, in the Character of Design Listening to the Inspiration of Poetry (1782) shows classical balance (two women and two columns). Not coincidentally, the complementary figures in this painting function as do antecedent-consequent phrases in Classical music: they are somewhat different, but they balance each other.

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Angelica Kauffmann (1741 - 1807)

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To avoid a feeling of inactivity when the harmony is static, Classical composers invented new "filler" patterns for accompaniment. Sometimes they simply repeat the accompanying chord in a uniform

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triplet rhythm (groups of three)

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named after the minor Italian keyboard composer Domenico Alberti (1710-1740), who popularized this figure. Instead of playing the pitches of a chord all together, the performer spreads them out to provide a continual stream of sound. Mozart used an Alberti bass at the beginning of his famous C major piano sonata (1788). The Alberti bass serves essentially the same function as both the modern "boogie-woogie" bass and the process of "tapping" on a guitar (made famous by Eddie Van Halen). It provides an illusion of harmonic activity for those moments when, in fact, the harmony is not changing.

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Alberti bass

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The careers of Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and the young Franz Schubert all unfolded in Vienna, and from Vienna radiated their powerful musical influence. For that reason, we often refer to them collectively as the Viennese School and say that their music epitomizes the "Viennese Classical style."

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Viennese School

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Was then the capital of the old Holy Roman Empire, a huge expanse covering much of Western and Central Europe. Vienna had a population of 215,000, which made it the fourth-largest city in Europe, after London, Paris, and Naples. Ruled by aristocratic gentry. Served as a cultural mecca.

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Vienna

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was the first of the great Classical composers to move to Vienna, and his life offers something of a "rags-to-riches" story. Haydn was born in 1732 in a farmhouse in Rohrau, Austria, about twenty-five miles east of Vienna. His father, a wheelwright, played the harp but could not read music. When the choir director of Saint Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna happened to be scouting for talent in the provinces, he heard the boy soprano Haydn sing and brought him back to the capital. Here Haydn remained as a choirboy, studying the rudiments of composition and learning to play the violin and keyboard. After nearly ten years of service, his voice broke and he was abruptly dismissed. For most of the 1750s, Haydn eked out a "wretched existence," as he called it, much like a freelance musician or aspiring actress might in New York City today. But in 1761, Haydn's years of struggle ended when he was engaged as director of music for the court of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy (1714-1790). For a period of nearly thirty years, Haydn served Nikolaus Esterházy at his remote court on what is today the border of Austria and Hungary. Here he composed symphonies, operas, and string trios in which the prince himself participated. 106 symphonies, about 70 string quartets, nearly a dozen operas, 52 piano sonatas, 14 Masses, and 2 oratorios. He began composing before the death of Bach (1750) and did not put down his pen until about the time Beethoven set to work on his Symphony No. 5 (1808). Thus, Haydn not only witnessed but, more than any other composer, helped to create the mature Classical style.

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Franz Joseph Hayden (1732 - 1809)

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Were wealthy aristocrats who wintered in Vienna and summered on their extensive landholdings to the southeast. Prince Nikolaus ruled much like a benevolent dictator. But the prince was an autocrat with a fondness for music, maintaining an orchestra, a chapel for singing religious works, and a theater for opera. As was typical of the period, the musician Haydn was considered a servant of his prince and even wore the garb of the domestic help, as can be seen in his portrait. As a condition of his appointment in 1761, Haydn signed a contract stipulating that all the music he composed belonged not to him, but to his aristocratic master.

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Esterhazy

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Hayden's last 12 symphonies. In a series of concerts at the Hanover Square Rooms, a new public concert hall that catered to the growing middle-class demand for classical music.

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London Symphonies

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was born in 1756 in the mountain town of Salzburg, Austria, then a city of about 20,000 residents. His father, Leopold Mozart, was a violinist in the orchestra of the ruling archbishop of Salzburg and the author of a best-selling introduction to playing the violin. Leopold was quick to recognize the musical gifts of his son, who by the age of six was playing the piano, violin, and organ, as well as composing. In 1762, the Mozart family coached off to Vienna, where Wolfgang and his older sister Nannerl displayed their musical wares before Empress Maria Theresa (1717-1780). They then embarked on a three-year tour of Northern Europe that included extended stops in Munich, Brussels, Paris, London, Amsterdam, and Geneva. In London, Wolfgang sat on the knee of Johann Christian Bach (1735-1782) and improvised a fugue. And here, at the age of eight, he wrote his first two symphonies. Eventually, the Mozarts made their way back to Salzburg. But in 1768, they were off again to Vienna, where the now twelve-year-old Wolfgang staged a production of his first opera, Bastien und Bastienne, in the home of the famous Dr. Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), the inventor of the theory of animal magnetism, or hypnotism (hence, "to mesmerize"). The next year father and son visited the major cities of Italy, including Rome, where, on July 8, 1770, the pope dubbed Wolfgang a Knight of the Order of the Golden Spur. "The most universal composer in the history of Western music."

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 1791)

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an Enlightenment fraternity, which espoused tolerance and universal brotherhood. Many view Mozart's last opera, Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute, 1791) as a hymn in praise of Masonic ideals.

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Freemasons

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short, balanced phrases create tuneful melodies; more vocal than instrumental in character

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How did composers treat melody during the Classical period?

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the harmonic rhythm varies dramatically, creating a dynamic flux and flow; simple chordal harmonies made more active by "Alberti" bass

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Identify the statement that correctly describes the harmonic style of the era.

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it becomes more stop-and-go; greater rhythmic variety within a single movement

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Which answer correctly describes the rhythm of Classical period music?

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homophonic with a thin bass and middle range, hence it is light and transparent.

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The texture of Classical period music is generally

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antecedent, consequent

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Phrases that are dependent upon each other to produce a complete musical idea are called ________ and ________ .

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instead of having the pitches of a chord sound all together, the notes are played in succession to provide a continual stream of sound

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Which definition is correct for "Alberti bass"?

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a genre of opera originating in the eighteenth century that portrayed everyday characters and situations, and used spoken dialogue and simple songs

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What is a "comic opera"?

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the original name of the piano.

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The "pianoforte" is

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opera buffa

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The new comic opera, called ________ in Italy, was the opera of the middle class.

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True

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During the Enlightenment, also referred to as the Age of Reason, thinkers gave free rein to the pursuit of truth and the discovery of natural laws.

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the importance of communicating passion no matter what sort of imbalance, contradiction, or formal inconsistency might result

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Which idea did NOT emerge during the Enlightenment?

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True

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Spurred on by economic self-interest and the principles of Enlightenment philosophers, the middle class of France and America rebelled against the monarchy.

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False

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Due to the physical power required to play the pianoforte, the most common players of the new instrument were professional male musicians.

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- the use of crescendos and diminuendos - alternating the mood between themes - quickly changing the texture from light and airy to dense and more contrapuntal - rapid changes in rhythmic patterns

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Which aspect contributed to the dynamic mood of Classical music?

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It was the largest city in Europe.

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Identify the statement that does NOT apply to Vienna during the late eighteenth century.

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Because he displayed great musical talent as a child, his father forced the boy to practice at all hours with the intent of exploiting him as a child prodigy.

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Which statement does NOT apply to Haydn's early years?

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False

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While Haydn toured Europe to acquire fame and fortune, what actually happened was that his compositions increased in breadth and substance because of his exposure to a wealth of musical styles.

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Salzburg

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Mozart was born in the town of ________ .

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Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, and Schubert

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Which composers are representative of the Classical period?

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His father served as court composer to Joseph II of Austria, and later gave composition lessons to Beethoven

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All of the following statements regarding the early years of Mozart are accurate EXCEPT this:

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Vienna

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From 1781 until his death in 1791, Mozart lived almost exclusively in which city?

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as a result of his touring he acquired fame and fortune, and was court composer to Emperor Joseph II from 1780 until his untimely death in 1791

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Which statement about Mozart's compositions and his childhood experiences touring Europe is WRONG?

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Spanish flamenco

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Which musical tradition was NOT influential in the development of Mozart's musical style?

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True

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Mozart found the system of aristocratic patronage irritating, and after several unpleasant scenes with his patron, he cut himself free and moved to Vienna, determined to make a living as a freelance musician.

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He was responsible for an orchestra that was never larger than twenty-five musicians and saw to it that all musicians appeared in uniform and followed instructions.

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Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding Mozart's life in Vienna during the 1780s.

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refer to that artifact's external shape or to the way it is positioned in physical space. (same number of beats per bar and same number of bars per phrase)

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form

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standard repertoire

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canon

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the idea of statement-contrast-repetition is obvious (like twinkle, twinkle, little star)

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ternary form (ABA)

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a stately dance in triple meter, When the minuet appeared as a movement of a symphony or quartet, it came in pairs

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minuet

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Because the second minuet of the pair had originally been played by only three instruments, it was called the trio (also performed in ternary form)

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trio

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a light, multimovement piece for strings alone or small orchestra, one intended for an evening's entertainment and often performed outdoors. (Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik - A Little Night Music - 1787)

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serenade

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Sonata-allegro form is the most complex of all musical stories, and it tends to result in the longest pieces. A sonata is a genre of music usually involving a solo instrument; sonata-allegro, however, is a form giving structure to a single movement within any one of several genres: a sonata, string quartet, serenade, symphony, even a one-movement overture. from the fact that most sonatas employ this form in the first movement, and the first movement almost always goes fast, or "allegro." four distinctive musical styles found in sonata-allegro form: thematic, transitional, developmental, and cadential (ending).

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sonata-allegro form

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the composer presents the main themes (or musical personalities) of the movement. It begins with the first theme or theme group, which is always in the tonic key. usually concludes with a closing theme

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exposition (thematic) - thematic passage has a clearly recognizable melody, often a singable tune

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which carries the music from the tonic to a new key, usually the dominant, and prepares for the arrival of the second theme. The second theme typically contrasts in character with the first; if the first is rapid and assertive, the second may be more languid and lyrical.

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transition, or bridge (transition) - is full of motion, with melodic sequences and rapid chord changes.

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As the name indicates, a further working out, or "developing," of the thematic material occurs here. The themes can be extended and varied, or wholly transformed; a character we thought we knew can turn out to have a completely different personality.

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development - perhaps confusing; the harmonies shift quickly, and the themes, while recognizable, often pile one on top of another in a dense contrapuntal texture.

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is tonal order restored, often by means of a stabilizing pedal point on the dominant note. When the dominant chord (V) finally gives way to the tonic (I), the recapitulation begins.

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retransition

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is not an exact, note-for-note repetition of the exposition, it nonetheless presents the same musical events in the same order. The only change that regularly occurs in this restatement is the rewriting of the transition, or bridge. Because the movement must end in the tonic, the bridge does not modulate to a different key as before, but stays at home in the tonic. Thus, the recapitulation imparts to the listener not only a feeling of return to familiar surroundings but also an increased sense of harmonic stability.

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recapitulation

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are, without exception, slow and stately, and usually filled with ominous or puzzling chords designed to get the listener wondering what sort of musical excursion he or she is about to take.

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introductions

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indicates, this is a section added to the end of the movement to wrap things up. Like tails, codas can be long or short. no matter how long the coda, most will end with a final cadence in which the harmonic motion slows down to just two chords, dominant and tonic, played over and over, as if to say "the end, the end, the end, THE END." The more these repeat, the greater the feeling of conclusion.

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coda (cadential passage) - coming at the end of a section or the end of the piece, sounds repetitive because the same chords are heard again and again in a harmony that seems to have stopped moving forward

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The compulsion to endlessly reimagine a song, an object, or a grammatical phrase

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transformational imperative

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occurs when a melody is altered, decorated, or adorned in some way by changing pitch, rhythm, harmony, or even mode (major or minor). The object is still recognizable but somehow doesn't seem to sound the same.

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theme and variations

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a simple AB arrangement

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binary form

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must have at least three statements of the refrain (A) and at least two contrasting sections (at lease B and C). is typically light, quick, and jovial in nature.

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rondo

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end

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finale

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a passage of brilliant technical display by the soloist alone

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cadenaz

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It utilized the same theme as the minuet, but with lighter scoring.

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Which statement about the trio is INACCURATE?

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ritornello form

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Which musical form was NOT important during the Classical period?

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A few standard forms regulate much of the music.

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The most accurate statement about musical form during the Classical period is:

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The second theme is played in the dominant or relative major key.

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Identify the INACCURATE statement regarding the recapitulation in sonata-allegro form.

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sonata-allegro

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Identify the form that began during the Classical period.

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contrast

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Which term best characterizes the B section in ternary form?

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the end of the development section where the tonality often becomes stabilized on the dominant in preparation for the return of the tonic and the beginning of the recapitulation.

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The "retransition" is

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the principal section in which all thematic material is presented

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Identify the correct definition for "exposition," as used in sonata-allegro form.

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- perhaps the most popular form of the Classical era. - a form that was invented during the Classical period. - a form that has the potential for dramatic presentation, conflict, and resolution. - a dramatic musical form that involves an exposition, development, and recapitulation.

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"Sonata-allegro form" is

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the final and concluding section of a musical composition

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What is the "coda"?

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the centermost portion of sonata-allegro form, in which the thematic material of the exposition is developed and extended, transformed, or reduced to its essence

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Identify the correct definition for "development."

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a stately dance in triple meter, first developed in the Baroque period

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Which definition for "minuet" is correct?

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introduction

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Which section of sonata-allegro form is slow, stately, and filled with ominous or puzzling chords?

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Mozart composed it for the outdoor wedding reception of a friend.

answer

Which statement does NOT apply to Eine kleine Nachtmusik?

question

FALSE

answer

As a general rule, Classical composers restricted sonata-allegro form to the first movement of multi-movement compositions.

question

TRUE

answer

About half the mature symphonies of Haydn and Mozart have brief introductions before the exposition begins.

question

ABA

answer

Which response is NOT an example of rondo form?

question

The style conveys an introspective mood of tragedy and despair.

answer

Which statement does NOT apply to Symphony No. 94, the "Surprise"?

question

second

answer

Which movement of a sonata, quartet, or symphony was typically in a slow tempo?

question

French folksong.

answer

Mozart's Variations on "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" are based on a(n)

question

- lively in tempo. - a minuet and trio. - in ternary form. - light and elegant, and sometimes spirited in mood.

answer

In a Classical string quartet or symphony, the third movement is usually

question

FALSE

answer

One of the ways Classical composers created variation within theme and variations form was by altering the length of the melody.

question

FALSE

answer

Rondo and sonata-allegro were the only two forms invented during the Classical period.

question

a sudden fortissimo chord

answer

What is the unexpected occurrence in Haydn's Symphony No. 94 that gave it the name "Surprise"?

question

refrains

answer

In rondo form, the A sections are called

question

TRUE

answer

In Classical compositions, the rondo is typically light, quick, and jovial in nature.

question

valves

answer

What were the trumpet and French horn lacking in Haydn's day that is now "standard equipment" on modern instruments?

question

second

answer

Which movement in a sonata, quartet, or symphony tended to be in a lyrical and tender mood?

question

first and fourth

answer

Sonata-allegro form was most often used in which movements of a string quartet or symphony in the Classical period.

question

fourth

answer

Which movement of a string quartet or symphony was typically a bright, light-hearted, and sometimes humorous movement set in sonata-allegro, theme and variations, or rondo form?

question

third

answer

Which movement(s) in a Classical period symphony is (are) nearly always in minuet and trio form?

question

simply means the type or class of music to which we listen (ex: string quartet, opera aria, country music ballad)

answer

genre

question

the instrumental genres of symphony, string quartet, sonata, and concerto, and the vocal genre of opera.

answer

In the age of Haydn and Mozart, there were five main genres of art music

question

is a multimovement composition for orchestra lasting about twenty-five minutes in the Classical period to nearly an hour in the Romantic era. By mid-century the symphony had assumed its now-familiar four-movement format: fast-slow-minuet-fast

answer

symphony

question

The origins of the symphony go back to the late-seventeenth-century Italian opera house, where an opera began with an instrumental sinfonia (literally, "a harmonious sounding together"). Was a one-movement instrumental work in three sections: fast-slow-fast.

answer

sinfonia

question

To help us keep track of this enormous amount of music, a nineteenth-century musicologist, Ludwig von Köchel, published a list of Mozart's works in approximately chronological order, assigning each a Köchel (K) number.

answer

Köchel (K) number

question

After the feverish excitement of the opening movement, the slow, lyrical Andante comes as a welcome change of pace.

answer

andante (second movement)

question

We expect the aristocratic minuet to provide elegant, graceful dance music (see Figure 8.2). But much to our surprise, Mozart returns to the intense, somber mood of the opening movement. This he does, in part, by choosing to write in the tonic minor key—a rare minuet in minor. This again demonstrates how the minuet had changed from "dance music" to "listening music."

answer

menuetto: allegretto (third movement)

question

The finale (last movement) starts with an ascending "rocket" that explodes in a rapid, forte flourish—and only carefully rehearsed string playing can pull off this orchestral special effect. The contrasting second theme of this sonata-allegro form movement is typically Mozartean in its grace and charm, a proper foil to the explosive opening melody. Midway through the development, musical compression takes hold: There is no retransition, only a pregnant pause before the recapitulation; the return dispenses with the repeats built into the first theme; and a coda is omitted. This musical foreshortening at the end produces the same psychological effect experienced at the very beginning of the symphony—a feeling of urgency and acceleration.

answer

Allegro Assai (fourth movement)

question

typifies chamber music—music for the small concert hall, for the private chamber, or just for the enjoyment of the performers themselves. the string quartet normally has four movements, all unified by a common key. the string quartet features only one player per part: first violinist, second violinist, violist, and cellist.

answer

string quartet

question

(Italian for "something to be sounded") is a genre of chamber music played on a solo instrument or a solo instrument accompanied by piano. The usual format was three movements (fast-slow-fast), and each movement might be in any one of the preferred Classical forms: sonata-allegro, ternary, rondo, or theme and variations.

answer

sonata

question

Classical concerto, like the symphony, was a large-scale, multi movement work for instrumental soloist and orchestra intended for a public audience.

answer

concerto

question

usually for piano but sometimes for violin, cello, French horn, trumpet, or woodwind. In the new concerto, a single soloist commanded all the audience's attention.

answer

solo concerto

question

(groups of three) that continue unabated from beginning to end

answer

triplets

question

Which allows the plot to unfold more quickly. Instead of waiting for each character to sing in turn, three or more characters can express their own particular emotions simultaneously, singing together.

answer

vocal ensemble

question

Style of German comic opera, is made up of spoken dialogue (instead of recitative) and songs.

answer

Singspiel

question

a tension-filled chord comprised entirely of minor thirds.

answer

diminished chord

question

a one-movement orchestral work in three sections (fast-slow-fast) that originated as an overture in seventeenth-century Italian opera

answer

Which definition accurately describes the term "sinfonia"?

question

a composition in which an orchestra and a single performer in turn present and develop the musical material in the spirit of harmonious competition

answer

The best definition for "solo concerto" is:

question

a work, usually in three movements, for keyboard or other solo instrument

answer

Which response accurately describes the term "sonata"?

question

it was written to honor the Emperor and came to serve as the Austrian national anthem

answer

Identify the response that most accurately applies to "The Emperor's Hymn."

question

- a genre of chamber music - the genre of music, usually in four movements, composed for four string instruments - an instrumental ensemble consisting of a first and second violin, a viola, and a cello - a genre that was developed or "fathered" by Haydn

answer

Which response best describes the term "string quartet"?

question

The sadness in the symphony reflects the composer's difficult personal circumstances—the death of his father and children—during the period immediately preceding the composition of the work.

answer

Which statement about Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G minor is ERRONEOUS?

question

Haydn disliked composing patriotic music and was embarrassed by the popularity it achieved.

answer

Which statement does NOT apply to Haydn's String Quartet Opus 76, No. 3, The "Emperor"?

question

- It is a means of identifying Mozart's compositions. - Köchel numbers arrange Mozart's works in approximate chronological order. - It is a handy way of identifying multiple works of the same genre that are in the same key. - Ludwig Köchel, a nineteenth-century musicologist, first published the list.

answer

Which statement regarding Köchel (K) numbers is most accurate?

question

a chord made up entirely of minor thirds that produces a tense, unstable sound.

answer

A "diminished chord" is

question

Mozart's principal librettist during the 1780s

answer

Who was Lorenzo da Ponte?

question

a German musical comedy with spoken dialogue, tuneful songs, and topical humor

answer

What is the correct definition for "Singspiel"?

question

Recitatives are gradually replaced by arias.

answer

Identify the INACCURATE statement regarding Classical operas.

question

TRUE

answer

Don Giovanni is implicitly critical of the aristocracy, and Mozart and da Ponte danced quickly to stay one step ahead of the imperial censor before production.

question

TRUE

answer

Don Giovanni is not the kind of guy you would want your daughter to date.

question

Die Zauberflöte

answer

Which Mozart opera is a German Singspiel?

question

a faithful, though reluctant, servant.

answer

In Don Giovanni, the character of Leporello is

question

- an element derived from comic opera, it was especially favored at the ends of acts to help spark a rousing conclusion - another manifestation of the democratic spirit, and better dramatic sense, of the late eighteenth century - consists of three or more characters who simultaneously sing about their individual responses to the dramatic action - allows the plot to unfold more quickly on stage

answer

Identify the answer that most appropriately describes the operatic "vocal ensemble."

question

diminished chord

answer

What type of chord accompanies the stabbing of the Commandant in Don Giovanni?

question

A Classical sonata, as we have seen (Chapter 9, "The Sonata"), is a multimovement work for solo instrument or solo instrument with keyboard accompaniment. This particular sonata, for solo piano, is identified as Beethoven's Opus 13, denoting that it is the thirteenth of 135 works that Beethoven published. —"Pathétique" ("Plaintive")—underscoring the passion and pathos he felt within it. Its great drama derives in large part from the juxtaposition of extremes. There are extremes of dynamics (from fortissimo to pianissimo), tempo (grave to presto), and range (from very high to very low).

answer

"Pathétique" Sonata.

question

latin for work

answer

opus

question

long and lyrical

answer

legato

question

light and detached

answer

staccato

question

songful

answer

cantabile

question

In this confessional document for posterity, like a last will and testament, named after the Viennese suburb in which Beethoven penned.

answer

Heiligenstadt Testament

question

(1803-1813; also simply termed his "middle period"). His works became longer, more assertive, and full of grand gestures. Simple, often triadic, themes predominate, and these are repeated, sometimes incessantly, as the music swells to majestic proportions. When these themes are played forte and given over to the brass instruments, a heroic, triumphant sound results.

answer

"heroic" period

question

epitomizes the grandiose, heroic style. More than any other single orchestral work, it changed the historical direction of the symphony. It assaults the ear with startling rhythmic effects and chord changes that were shocking to early-nineteenth-century listeners. It makes mountains of sound out of the simplest triads by repeating them with ever-increasing volume. Most novel, the work has biographical content, for the hero of the "Eroica" Symphony, at least originally, was Napoleon Bonaparte

answer

"Eroica" ("Heroic") Symphony

question

stripping away all extraneous material to get to the core of a musical idea.

answer

thematic penetration

question

meaning joke. And while there is nothing particularly humorous about the mysterious and sometimes threatening sound of the scherzo of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5, it is very far removed from the elegant world of the courtly minuet. In ghost-like pizzicatos the conclusion disappears, rather than ends.

answer

scherzo

question

The title "Pathétique" was intended to suggest French manners and moods.

answer

All of these statements about the "Pathétique" Sonata are correct EXCEPT for:

question

piano sonatas

answer

With Beethoven's ________ , the genre moved from one played by amateur performers in their homes to become standard repertoire for professional musicians.

question

- Its name derives from the village where Beethoven wrote the document. - It was written in despair over his impending deafness. - It is part last will and testament, part artistic manifesto. - In the document he admits that he considered suicide, but that his dedication to art (music) held him back from such a step.

answer

Which statement about Beethoven's Heiligenstadt Testament is most correct?

question

The Austrian emperor asked Beethoven to change the title from "Bonaparte" to "Eroica"; Beethoven complied, but demanded an extra fee.

answer

Identify the phrase that does NOT apply to the "Eroica" symphony.

question

composed six of his nine symphonies

answer

The "heroic" period is when Beethoven

question

It is the first symphony to use theme and variations form as one of its movements.

answer

Which statement does NOT apply to Beethoven's Symphony No. 5?

question

He toured northern Europe for three years and heard his first two symphonies performed in London when he was only eight years old.

answer

Identify the response that does NOT apply to Beethoven's early biography.

question

TRUE

answer

Beethoven initially made his living in Vienna as a concert pianist, and in order to be acceptable to polite society he bought new clothes, found a wigmaker, and took dancing lessons

question

His career as a virtuoso was cut short due to an injury to his right hand, but he thereafter focused his attention on writing sonatas for left-handed pianists.

answer

Which statement does NOT apply to Beethoven's style of playing the piano?

question

He served as court composer to Joseph II of Austria.

answer

Which response does NOT describe Beethoven's relationship with the Viennese aristocracy?

question

He made two visits to London where he was treated as a celebrity and awarded an honorary degree from Oxford.

answer

Which statement about Beethoven's later years is WRONG?

question

It is based on a text written by Voltaire, the Enlightenment philosopher.

answer

Identify the INCORRECT statement about Ode to Joy.

question

His music is inherently theatrical and perfectly suited to the genre of opera.

answer

All of the following statements are true about Beethoven's legacy EXCEPT:

question

Beethoven embraced the use of Classical forms and genres in his music, but the spirit of his music is one that foreshadows the musical style of the Romantic era.

answer

Which of the following statements is true about Beethoven's music?

question

false

answer

The evolution from the Renaissance style to the Baroque style occurred in music before the visual arts, and in northern Europe before southern Europe.

question

the eventual settlement of the catholics in northern Europe and protestants in italy

answer

The Protestant Reformation led to a long period of religious conflict marked by all of the following except

question

true

answer

The high emotions of the late Renaissance religious conflict coincided with the rise of a more emotional style in the arts.

question

affection

answer

The vivid, passionate expression of the _________-human emotions or "states of the soul"-led to the Baroque period.

question

false

answer

The transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque can be described as a change from a romantic emphasis on drama and personal expression to a more classical style that stressed balance, order, and repose.

question

true

answer

Two famous artists whose work reflected the increased emotionalism prevalent during the transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque were Michelangelo and El Greco.

question

carlo gesualdo

answer

One of the many composers whose music exhibited both the Renaissance and Baroque styles was

question

chromaticism

answer

The practice of using all the notes-both in and out of the mode-to create complex and dissonant effects is called

question

increase tempo

answer

Gesualdo employed chromaticism in his madrigals to

question

polychoral

answer

The church of St. Mark in Venice, Italy, designed in the plan of a cross, became the center for the performance of __________ music, festive music performed by several choirs of voices and/or instruments.

question

contrasting sonorities of various voices and instruments did not appeal to the baroque imagination

answer

All of these were particularly significant characteristics of the Venetian polychoral style except

question

concertato

answer

An underlying concept of the Baroque style, the contrasting sonorities of various voices and instruments, was known as the _______________ principle.

question

giovanni gabrieli

answer

___________ was a famous Italian organist, teacher, and composer who wrote many compositions for St. Mark's in Venice.

question

sonata

answer

A piece to be played or sounded upon instruments rather than sung was called a

question

true

answer

Contrasting dynamic levels became an important characteristic of Baroque music.

question

none of the above

answer

The Florentine Camerata was centered in __________, Italy.

question

a group of intellectuals who discussed and promoted changes in artistic style

answer

The Florentine Camerata was

question

monody

answer

One of the most significant contributions of the Florentine Camerata was a new type of solo singing called

question

the combination of melodic lines in the polyphonic madrigal made it too easy to understand the words

answer

The Florentine Camerata found the existing vocal forms unsuitable for the clear and dramatic expression of a text for all of the following reasons except

question

true

answer

Aware of the ideals of the ancient Greeks, the members of the Florentine Camerata envisioned a style of melody that would approximate the dramatic declamation of a text

question

homophony

answer

Both monody and the Venetian polychoral style implied a new texture of music eventually known as

question

1750

answer

Musicians date the Baroque period from about _____ to about ____.

question

true

answer

The term baroque means distorted or irregular

question

strange and impassioned

answer

eighteenth century artists described seventeenth century art as "baroque" because they found it to be

question

lack of interest in religion

answer

all of the following ideas are characteristic of the Baroque period except

question

the support of the public

answer

Handles career as an opera composer made him more dependent on

question

true

answer

The quality and quantity of Bach's secular concertos, suites, toccatas, and fugues reflect the increasing importance of secular music in the Baroque period.

question

true

answer

During the seventeenth century, there were great strides made in scientific research, yet superstition was rampant and the belief in witchcraft, alchemy, and astrology firm.

question

false

answer

The long and terrible religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries left central Europe largely Protestant and the northern countries largely Roman Catholic.

question

true

answer

In England, the Anglican church harassed the Puritans, who fled to Holland and then sailed to the New World in 1620 to become America's Pilgrims.

question

bay psalm book

answer

the first book printed in america in 1640 was a psalter, the...

question

Galileo

answer

The great artist Michelangelo died in 1564 on the same day that the scientific man of reason, ______________, was born.

question

true

answer

galileos father was an influencial member of the florentine camerata

question

all of the above

answer

galileos discoveries about the solar system

question

isaac newton

answer

on the day in 1642 when galileo died, who was born

question

the invention of the metronome in 1816

answer

newton was fascinated like galileo except for

question

peace

answer

the art of the baroque is filled with each of the following except

question

buildings project a sense of repose and stability

answer

all of the following are characteristics of the Baroque art except

question

light

answer

Seventeenth-century painters shared with contemporary scientists a fascination with the properties and effects of

question

hals

answer

the following are all famous baroque artists except

question

true

answer

Although the Church, the courts, and the city-state governments remained their primary employers, Baroque composers resisted submission to the taste and will of their patrons

question

homophonic texture becoming more important than polyphony

answer

baroque musical style was affected by each of the following except

question

the fugue

answer

all of the following were baroque-era multimovement works exceot

question

true

answer

According to the doctrine of affections, only one mood was to be expressed within one composition or within one movement of a multimovement work.

question

true

answer

During the Baroque period, the Renaissance style of four or more melodic lines was replaced by the preference for a melody in the highest voice or voices, supported by a strong bass line, with the disposition of the inner voices left largely to improvisation.

question

tonal

answer

During the Baroque period, composers developed the ___________ system, in which every note of the major or minor scale bears a specific relationship to every other note

question

tonic

answer

In the Baroque system of tonality, all of the pitches of a major or minor scale were specifically related to the first note of the scale, or the

question

true

answer

The increasing use of the triad, built upon all the degrees of the scale, gave a sense of stability and harmonic direction to tonal music not inherent in modality.

question

false

answer

At the beginning of the seventeenth century, composers found Palestrina's polyphonic style more suitable for secular songs rather than church music.

question

true

answer

During the Baroque, the old style of writing (Palestrina's polyphony) and the new style (monody) were used for different purposes.

question

claudio monteverdi

answer

The composer who suggested that the old and new styles represented the "first" and "second" practices of music was

question

giovanni gabrieli

answer

For thirty years, Monteverdi was choirmaster at St. Mark's in Venice, where __________ had composed and performed great works in the Venetian polychoral style

question

carlos gesualdos

answer

Monteverdi shared __________ taste for dramatic and emotional settings of madrigal texts, using dissonance for expressive purposes

question

true

answer

During the Renaissance period, dissonances could only be approached and resolved according to strict rules.

question

text

answer

Monteverdi allowed the __________ of his songs, rather than the prevailing rules of music theory, to determine his use of dissonance.

question

all of the voices are nearly equal in importance

answer

The "first practice" of music, as identified by Monteverdi, is described by all of the following except that

question

the texture is usually homophonic

answer

The "second practice" of music, as identified by Monteverdi, is described by all of the following except that

question

true

answer

In the first practice, the established rules of music theory were observed; in the second practice, the rules might be broken for the purpose of better expressing the words.

question

he used the old stile antico for madrigals recognizing certain tonal principles

answer

All of the following are characteristics of Monteverdi's madrigal compositions except

question

intermedii

answer

In the sixteenth century, short but spectacular music dramas called __________ were often performed between acts of a play.

question

Madrigals

answer

__________ sometimes constituted "mini" music dramas, with different voices or combinations of voices answering each other in dialogue form.

question

true

answer

It was the Florentine monodists who introduced a new type of vocal writing eminently suited for dramatic recitation; thus, the earliest operas consisted almost entirely of monody.

question

libretto

answer

The text of an opera is called a(n)

question

all of the above

answer

Early opera librettos were

question

true

answer

Composers recognized two distinct types of solo singing, each implied but not achieved by monody: the recitative and aria.

question

a solo singer could combine beautiful music with dramatic text expression

answer

The invention of monody was important to Western music because it demonstrated that

question

the melody of a recitative unnatural inflections

answer

All of the following are characteristics of a recitative except

question

an aria has unmetered rhythm

answer

All of the following are characteristics of an aria except

question

true

answer

In 1607, Claudio Monteverdi composed the opera Orfeo.

question

claudio monteverdi

answer

__________ was the first composer to realize the successful music drama requires a skillful blending of the literary, visual, and lively arts.

question

recitative

answer

Monteverdi's "Tu se' morta" is an example of a(n) __________ from the opera Orfeo.

question

venice

answer

The first public opera house opened in __________, Italy, in 1637.

question

bel canto

answer

The term __________ is Italian for "beautiful singing."

question

close attention to the recitatives and the dramatic integrity of the story

answer

All of the following are characteristics of late Baroque, bel canto opera except

question

true

answer

Although castrati were admired for the extreme range and power of their voices, a taste for women's voices developed during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.

question

prima donna

answer

Another name for a virtuoso female singer is a

question

true

answer

By the end of the Baroque era, professional opportunities for women to direct court or church ensembles were still largely denied.

question

ballad

answer

By the 1720s, audiences were tiring of the highly stylized Baroque opera, so a new dramatic form, the __________ opera, became popular in England.

question

robert gray

answer

In 1728, English poet and playwright __________ wrote the Beggar's Opera, ridiculing some of the more obvious limitations of Baroque opera.

question

George Frideric Handel

answer

The epitome of the Baroque composer, __________, was born in Germany, spent considerable time in Italy, and eventually became a British citizen.

question

religious subject matter

answer

Although the oratorio shares many characteristics with the opera, its most important difference is its

question

true

answer

Like an aria, an oratorio chorus has formal design, metered rhythm, and an orchestral accompaniment; it may be either homophonic or polyphonic and often includes sections of both textures.

question

messiah

answer

The world's best-known and best-loved oratorio is Handel's

question

Johann Sebastian Bachs

answer

The date of __________ death (1750) is generally accepted as the end of the Baroque period.

question

passions

answer

Johann Sebastian Bach wrote two large choral works called __________, oratorios based upon the events leading to the crucifixion of Christ.

question

false

answer

Since Bach was Catholic, he wrote the Mass in B Minor to attract the favorable attention of an influential Catholic Elector.

question

cantatas

answer

Bach wrote nearly 200 dramatic religious vocal works called __________, which are short oratorios.

question

sung

answer

The term cantata originally meant a piece to be

question

false

answer

Baroque composers of instrumental music were set back by changes in instrumental styles and techniques during the Renaissance.

question

true

answer

The Baroque period was the first time that instrumental music became virtually equal, both in quantity and quality, with vocal music.

question

the lute continued to increase in popularity and importance

answer

All of the following were characteristic of Baroque music except

question

harpischord

answer

During the Baroque era, the __________ replaced the lute in popularity, and many lute pieces were played on this instrument instead.

question

organ

answer

The __________ had the ability to produce a variety of timbres, dynamic levels, and pitches, making it suitable for the Baroque taste for drama and contrast.

question

terraced

answer

A distinctive feature of Baroque music was the abrupt change of dynamic levels called __________ dynamics.

question

covering the pipes with dampers

answer

The organist was able to achieve terraced dynamics and various sonorities by using any of the following methods except

question

true

answer

Although more pedals and different stops have been added, the organ has not been "improved" upon since the early eighteenth century.

question

fugue

answer

The __________ is an imitative polyphonic composition with three to five melodic lines or "voices."

question

false

answer

Since the fugue was originally developed on keyboard instruments, it was never successfully adapted for other instrumental or vocal combinations.

question

answer

The fugue entrances alternate between the tonic and dominant keys, with those in the dominant called the

question

exposition

answer

The opening section of a fugue, in which the subject entrances are stated, is called the

question

prelude

answer

A __________ is a relatively short keyboard piece which may be an independent composition or an introduction to another piece or set of pieces.

question

false

answer

Preludes were often paired with more structured works such as the toccata during the late Baroque period.

question

well-tempered clavier

answer

One of Bach's greatest legacies was a set of two volumes of twenty-four preludes and fugues called the __________, which included one prelude and fugue in each major and minor key.

question

true

answer

In music, the term well-tempered refers to a method of tuning keyboard instruments.

question

keyboard

answer

The German word clavier is a general term for

question

prelude

answer

A religious keyboard composition based upon the melody of a Lutheran chorale is a chorale

question

toccata

answer

A __________, or "touch piece," is a showy keyboard piece that exploits the technical brilliance or virtuosity of the performer.

question

fugue

answer

The toccata was frequently followed in performance by a(n)

question

ostinato

answer

A favorite melodic device of the Baroque period was the use of __________, the repetition of a melodic phrase at different levels of pitch.

question

suites

answer

The short sets of stylized dance pieces for lute or keyboard popular during the Renaissance were expanded in the Baroque to multimovement works consisting of several dance pieces, called

question

drone bass

answer

The strong bass voice that sounded continuously throughout Baroque ensemble compositions was called the

question

continuo

answer

Nearly all Baroque music, except for solo lute and keyboard pieces, was accompanied by two or more instruments that performed the bass line and that were called the

question

figured bass

answer

Keyboard players improvised the inner parts according to the rules of tonality, completing the triad built upon each bass note unless the composer indicated otherwise by using a system of musical shorthand called

question

realizing

answer

When keyboard players improvised the completed harmonies above the figured bass, they were __________ the figured bass.

question

violins

answer

What types of instruments were made by the Stradivari and Guarneri families?

question

true

answer

Baroque violins differed in several respects from the viols of the Renaissance; new methods of construction and new bowing techniques produced a louder sound, pleasing to the romantic taste of the Baroque music lover.

question

four

answer

The trio sonata was written on three lines of music, but it required at least __________ performers, because of the basso continuo.

question

corelli

answer

__________ was famous in his own time as a virtuoso violinist and as an outstanding composer of trio sonatas.

question

false

answer

A concerto grosso is a composition in three movements (slow-fast-slow) for a small group of solo instruments.

question

fast-slow-fast

answer

The three movements of a concerto grosso are arranged

question

false

answer

The group of solo instruments in a concerto grosso is called the tutti; the larger orchestral group is called the concertino.

question

concertato

answer

The ________ principle of contrasting sonorities formed the basis of the Baroque concerto

question

Vivaldi

answer

The most prolific composer of Baroque concertos, including solo concertos as well as concerto grossi, was

question

Vivaldi

answer

__________ was ordained a priest, but spent most of his life as a professional musician.

question

the expressive style

answer

The transitional style which combined Baroque and Classical characteristics in early eighteenth-century France was known as all of the following except

question

ornamentation became even more ornate

answer

All of the following are characteristics of Rococo visual arts except

question

true

answer

The music of the Rococo was generally light and entertaining rather than serious and dramatic.

question

paris

answer

The French aristocracy moved away from the formal and austere court at Versailles to the intimate __________ salons and comfortable country lodges.

question

France was a secular, materialistic, society marked by loose morals and the pursuit of pleasure.

answer

Which of the following best describes the social life of the French aristocracy during the reign of the Duke of Orleans

question

furniture was beautifully made but uncomfortable and of little use.

answer

All of the following are characteristics of Rococo art except

question

false

answer

One of the finest composers of the Rococo period was Antoine Watteau.

question

true

answer

In Rococo music, more than one melody was frequently introduced within a piece or movement, in contrast to the Baroque inclination to present one melodic idea, one mood or "affection," at a time.

question

homophonic

answer

The texture of Rococo music was generally

question

francis couperin

answer

In France, the most important composer of the Rococo period was

question

domenico scarlatti

answer

In Italy, the most important composer of the Rococo period was

question

keyboard works

answer

Both Domenico Scarlatti and Francois Couperin were well known as composers of

question

expressive

answer

Germany introduced a style similar to the French Rococo-the __________ style.

question

middle class

answer

Unlike the French Rococo, the German expressive style represented __________ taste.

question

carl philipp emanuel bach

answer

The most famous composer in the German expressive style was

question

1750-1825

answer

From about __________, democratic, republican, and revolutionary causes affected every phase of European life and art.

question

true

answer

Although the late eighteenth century was marked by democratic revolution and profound social change, it was also a period of classical restraint in the arts.

question

Hayden and Mozart

answer

The two outstanding Classical composers of the late eighteenth century were

question

Vienna

answer

The musical center of the Classical style, and the city where Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven all lived and worked was

question

referring to a work of art that is new, innovative, and sure to become popular.

answer

The term classical is an ambiguous word that has acquired all of the following meanings except

question

all of the above

answer

Which of the following characteristics of the late eighteenth century's artistic style renders the term Classical particularly applicable to the period?

question

to encourage mystic, supernatural, and religious beliefs.

answer

The goals of the Enlightenment included all of the following except

question

enlightenment

answer

It was the French who articulated and defended the ideas that led to the Age of Reason, but they freely acknowledged their debt to the English for pointing the way toward the intellectual movement called the

question

false

answer

The members of the Enlightenment were concerned with mistreatment of the upper classes, and they initiated significant humanitarian reforms to correct these injustices.

question

true

answer

Proponents of the Enlightenment believed that knowledge is universal, truth absolute, and reason the pathway to Enlightenment.

question

false

answer

The frivolous, aristocratic art of the Rococo was well suited to expressing the enlightened, democratic, and revolutionary views of the late eighteenth century.

question

J.B.S. Chardin

answer

The greatest painter of mid-eighteenth-century France was

question

neoclassic

answer

Jacques-Louis David was a __________ artist whose revolutionary sympathies imbued his later works with romantic characteristics.

question

William Hogarth

answer

The English artist __________ was a moralist, but he tempered his visual sermons with satire and caustic wit.

question

Sir Joshua Reynolds

answer

One of England's greatest painters during this period, __________, preferred to paint the rich and the elegant, stressing line over color in the classical manner.

question

Houdon

answer

Who made the likenesses of Franklin, Jefferson, and Washington on United States coins?

question

true

answer

Although Houdon made his living from portraiture, he made every effort to produce accurate rather than flattering portrayals.

question

prose

answer

In literature, the eighteenth century was an age of __________ more than poetry.

question

english

answer

During the eighteenth century, the __________ theater was of unprecedented importance.

question

true

answer

During the eighteenth century, concerts became more common and the public's appreciation for music increased.

question

true

answer

During the late eighteenth century, a significant number of women became professional musicians, braving criticisms of impropriety and often winning recognition for their accomplishments.

question

Hayden

answer

Which Classical composer accepted the social and artistic restrictions of court employment?

question

composers embraced Baroquw intensity of religious feeling

answer

All of the following were characteristics of Classical music except

question

homophony

answer

During the Classical period, the predominant texture was

question

Paris

answer

During the Classical period, although Italy continued to dominate the world of opera, the main centers of musical activity moved north to the following cities except

question

true

answer

Instrumental music finally surpassed vocal music in both quantity and quality during the Classical period.

question

form

answer

the overall design of a work is called its

question

Mozart, Hayden and Beethoven

answer

The three outstanding composers of the Classical period were

question

true

answer

The concept of form in music was of serious concern to all of the composers of the Classical period.

question

symphony

answer

Among instrumental forms, the __________ experienced the greatest development and offered composers the widest field for creativity during the mid-1700s.

question

narrowing the Baroque conception of the orchestra

answer

Classical composers changed the orchestra in all of the following ways except

question

mannheim

answer

In the middle of the eighteenth century, the German city of __________ developed an outstanding orchestra which attracted attention throughout western Europe.

question

terraced dynamics

answer

The Mannheim orchestra achieved all of the following except

question

Franz Joseph Hayden

answer

__________, an early master of the symphonic form, was employed as a court composer by the same noble family for nearly thirty years.

question

false

answer

Haydn was a vain man who called himself the "master of all" composers.

question

standardizing the number of movements for certain types of works.

answer

The Classical composers expanded the Baroque concept of multimovement compositions by

question

symphony

answer

A __________ is a multimovement work played by an orchestra and originally based on the Italian overture consisting of three movements (fast-slow-fast).

question

true

answer

Classical composers expanded the sections and added a fourth movement to the symphony, organizing each "movement" according to the principles of a chosen instrumental form.

question

true

answer

After the Baroque period, the concerto grosso declined in importance and was replaced by the Classical concerto for orchestra and one soloist.

question

three

answer

A Classical concerto usually has __________ movements.

question

cadenza

answer

A Classical concerto usually had at least one passage, called a __________, which was improvised by the soloist alone.

question

toward the end of a movement

answer

Where does the cadenza usually occur in a concerto?

question

false

answer

The orchestra prepares for a cadenza by playing a long decrescendo that ends quietly on the tonic chord.

question

trill

answer

The end of the improvised solo passage in a concerto is often indicated by a __________, which summons the orchestra to join in bringing the movement to a close.

question

true

answer

Since the nineteenth century, composers have written cadenzas for their concertos and have even published cadenzas for earlier concertos, including those written by Haydn, Mozart, and their contemporaries.

question

chamber

answer

Music performed by a relatively small number of people in a small room is called _________ music.

question

true

answer

In a chamber music performance, each player must be an accomplished performer since each is responsible for one line of music.

question

true

answer

The Classical period's appreciation for clarity of thought, purity of sound, and emotional restraint made chamber music one of the favorite means of expression.

question

the same family

answer

Most Classical chamber ensembles consisted of several instruments belonging to

question

string quartet

answer

The most popular Classical small ensemble was the

question

two violins, viola, and cello.

answer

The Classical string quartet consisted of

question

first violin

answer

In a Classical string quartet, the person playing __________ serves as the leader of the group.

question

four

answer

A Classical string quartet usually consists of __________ movements.

question

sonata

answer

Another Classical multimovement composition to be "sounded" by one or two instruments is called a

question

true

answer

In a sonata for two instruments, such as a violin and a piano, each of the instruments is of equal importance.

question

toccata-allegro form.

answer

All of the following were common forms in the Classical period

question

true

answer

The Classical sonata-allegro form was generally conceived as a three-part structure.

question

exposition, development, and recapitulation.

answer

The three main sections of the Classical sonata-allegro form are the

question

the exposition changes key but the recapitulation does not.

answer

The most significant difference between the exposition and the recapitulation in sonata-allegro form is that

question

coda

answer

An extended closing section in the Classical sonata-allegro form is called the

question

true

answer

Unlike Baroque composers, who typically confined one section of a work to one mood or "affection," Classical composers often considered the two tonal areas of the sonata-allegro exposition an opportunity to present two melodies of a contrasting nature.

question

false

answer

Classical sonata-allegro form has been nicknamed the "fourth movement form" because it has been used as the fourth movement for so many symphonies, concertos, sonatas, and string quartets.

question

minuet and trio

answer

The third movement of many Classical symphonies, sonatas, and string quartets is a

question

true

answer

The minuet was a stately dance introduced at the seventeenth-century court of Louis XIV.

question

true

answer

The Classical rondo form was used for any multimovement work, but often seemed particularly appropriate for the last movement.

question

ABACA

answer

One form of a Classical rondo is

question

false

answer

Although the Classical period produced much more vocal than instrumental music, very few operas and very little vocal religious music was composed during this time.

question

Christoph Willibald Gluck

answer

Born in a German state and educated in Prague and Vienna, __________ spent four years studying and composing operas in Italy and was responsible for the reform opera.

question

reform

answer

Gluck proposed to __________ serious opera by imposing classical restraint upon it.

question

ballet

answer

Gluck was impressed by a famous French Baroque composer, Jean-Philippe Rameau, who attempted with some success to integrate __________ into the drama of his works.

question

Orgeo and Euridice

answer

Gluck wrote the first reform opera, which was

question

including many da capo arias because of their intense dramatic quality.

answer

In his reform operas, Gluck did all of the following except

question

overture

answer

The introductory orchestra piece of an opera is called the

question

Jean Jacques Rousseau

answer

Gluck responded to a statement made by __________ that the French language was entirely unsuited to singing by effectively setting a French libretto to music.

question

false

answer

Due in large part to Gluck's efforts, French replaced Italian as the language of serious opera all over Europe in the eighteenth century.

question

comic

answer

Light in mood and concerned with everyday characters and events, __________ operas developed in several countries during the eighteenth century.

question

true

answer

Audiences appreciated the fact that comic operas were written in their own, local language and that all comic operas (except the Italian form) used spoken dialogue instead of recitative.

question

true

answer

In Italy during the early eighteenth century, short comic episodes interspersed between acts of a serious opera became so popular that composers used them as the basis for a new style of opera.

question

La Serva Padrona

answer

The first comic opera was __________, written by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi.

question

finale

answer

The opera buffa introduced the ensemble __________ to bring an act or an opera to a musically and dramatically exciting close.

question

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

answer

One of history's most tragic figures, __________, began his performing career as a child prodigy.

question

Although Mozart had a short life that was marked by financial difficulties

answer

Although Mozart had a short life that was marked by financial difficulties

question

classical restraint and proportion are often abandoned.

answer

All of the following are TRUE about Mozart's operas except

question

true

answer

Mozart's opera buffa, The Marriage of Figaro, was based upon a politically volatile play by the French writer, Pierre Beaumarchais.

question

true

answer

In The Marriage of Figaro one of the main characters is a nobleman who is outwitted and humiliated by his own servants.

question

false

answer

Although the Classical period was primarily a secular age, the Church remained a strong influence in some areas of Europe; however, very few composers contributed to the repertoire of religious music.

question

expressive passages in homophonic texture were used.

answer

The following were all TRUE of Classical religious music except

question

true

answer

After Bach and Handel, Protestant music declined because the music was supposed to be a functional part of the service rather than "art for art's sake."

question

true

answer

When Haydn was criticized for writing religious music that was too "happy," he replied that he did not believe the Lord minded cheerful music.

question

requiem

answer

Just before he died, Mozart composed a __________, the Mass performed for funeral or memorial services.

question

1789

answer

the french revolution began in

question

a powerful monarch to rule the country by divine right.

answer

Initially, the goals of the French Revolution included all of the following except

question

false

answer

Napoleon Bonaparte was the political and military leader who eventually achieved the goals and reforms of the Enlightenment.

question

1815

answer

Napoleon was defeated in

question

Jean Jacques Rousseau

answer

The French intellectual, called the "father of Romanticism," who turned from a rational to an emotional approach to life and art was

question

true

answer

Around the turn of the nineteenth century, painters turned from classical subjects and styles to a subjective and highly emotional artistic expression.

question

truw

answer

The artist who was called the Great Romantic but considered himself a classicist was Eugene Delacroix.

question

even as music performance moved from the private chamber to the public concert hall, the quality and quantity of music remained unchanged.

answer

All of the following were TRUE regarding the Romantic period around the turn of the nineteenth century

question

180

answer

The orchestra used in the first performance of Haydn's Creation in 1798 had _____ pieces.

question

false

answer

Because Beethoven's piano music was lighter and more refined than that of Mozart, the Viennese piano was redesigned to be quieter in the early nineteenth century.

question

true

answer

Between 1800 and 1830, metal braces were added to the piano to increase the amount of tension the strings could bear, and a cast-iron frame was added, making the piano essentially like our modern instrument.

question

action

answer

During the early nineteenth century, the harp was improved, acquiring "double __________," that allowed it to play flat as well as sharp notes.

question

false

answer

In the transition from the Classical to the Romantic periods, the role and number of wind instruments was greatly reduced to make room for the expanding brass section.

question

valves and pistons

answer

The effort to increase the capacity of the various brass instruments to produce rapid changes in pitch led to the addition of __________, which greatly enhanced their melodic capabilities.

question

metronome

answer

The __________ was invented in 1816, enabling composers to indicate exactly the tempo they desired for any composition.

question

Franz Schubert

answer

__________ was one of the first major composers to use metronome markings.

question

less precise notation than was used previously.

answer

Beethoven and his younger contemporary, Schubert, inherited all of the following musical traditions except

question

false

answer

Like Mozart before him, Beethoven was a talented prodigy who received a careful and thorough musical education.

question

false

answer

Beethoven developed a close relationship with Haydn because their personalities were so closely matched.

question

Ludwig van Beethoven

answer

__________, who had the reputation of being the best pianist in Vienna, was afflicted in his late twenties with an ear disease that eventually led to total deafness.

question

all of these

answer

Although Beethoven mastered the forms of the Classical style, he also altered them by

question

scherzo and trio

answer

For the third movement of his symphonies, Beethoven often replaced the traditional minuet and trio with the lighter, faster __________, altering the tempo and mood of the movement while preserving the three-part design.

question

false

answer

Beethoven made frequent use of the sonata-allegro design, and he always kept its traditional proportions.

question

sonata rondo

answer

Beethoven liked to combine forms: the __________ retains the key relationship of the sonata-allegro but alternates themes in the fashion of a rondo.

question

his music shows a lack of sudden mood changes, to the point of being static.

answer

All of the following are TRUE of Beethoven's music except

question

three

answer

It is customary to divide Beethoven's work into _____ periods.

question

true

answer

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony has a choral fourth movement based upon Schiller's "Ode to Joy," that continues to thrill audiences today.

question

Franz Schubert

answer

__________, a transitional figure who composed in both the Classical and Romantic styles, was the only "Viennese" composer who was actually from Vienna.

question

form

answer

Schubert absorbed the Classical appreciation of __________, and his chamber pieces are beautifully organized according to Classical principles.

question

ture

answer

When Schubert died in 1828, he was just 31 years old and not widely known as a composer.

question

lieder

answer

The term universally applied to German art songs is

question

cycles

answer

Some of Schubert's most effective songs are included in song sets or song __________, which had texts by the same poet.

question

chorus and orchestra

answer

An outstanding trait of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is the use of the

question

the galloping horse

answer

In the "Erlkönig" Schubert uses the piano to suggest

question

organized sound

answer

Many contemporary musicians define music as

question

true

answer

The characteristic tone quality of a sound is determined by the voice or instrument which produces it.

question

pitch

answer

The highness or lowness of a sound is called its

question

dynamic

answer

The loudness or softness of a pitch is called its __________ level.

question

both of these

answer

Composers use changes in pitch and dynamic levels in their music to

question

true

answer

Changing the size of a vibrating medium causes it to produce a different pitch.

question

true

answer

A faster rate of vibration causes a higher pitch, and a slower rate of vibration causes a lower pitch.

question

frequency

answer

The rate of vibration of sound waves is called

question

higher

answer

Moving from the left side to the right side of a piano produces tones relatively __________ in pitch.

question

false

answer

Inside a grand piano, the strings that are shorter and thinner produce lower tones than the strings that are longer and thicker.

question

A through G

answer

We refer to specific pitches or tones with letter names, using the letters __________ of the alphabet.

question

true

answer

Each key of the keyboard represents one tone, and each of the seven different white keys bears one of seven letter names.

question

higher

answer

A C-sharp note is __________ in pitch than a C note.

question

lower

answer

A B-flat note is __________ in pitch than a B note.

question

notated

answer

Written music is said to be

question

five lines and four spaces

answer

A musical staff has

question

clef

answer

The sign placed at the beginning of the staff to fix the position of all of the pitches on the staff is the

question

G

answer

The treble clef is also called the ______ clef.

question

F

answer

The bass clef is also called the _______ clef.

question

interval

answer

The musical term referring to the distance between two tones is

question

true

answer

Intervals have number names.

question

second

answer

The interval from C to D is a(n)

question

third

answer

The interval from C to E is a(n)

question

octave

answer

The interval from one C note to the C note eight tones above or below is called an eighth, or a(n)

question

all of the above

answer

The two notes of an octave

question

false

answer

The higher tone of an octave is produced at three times the rate of vibration of the lower tone.

question

loud

answer

forte

question

very soft

answer

pianissimo

question

very loud

answer

fortissimo

question

moderately soft

answer

mezzopiano

question

true

answer

the term piano means a soft level of volume

question

false

answer

mezzoforte is a very loud volume

question

becoming softer

answer

diminuendo

question

becoming louder

answer

crescendo

question

a number of instruments or voices may be added or taken away.

answer

A change in dynamic level during the performance of a composition may be achieved in two ways: the instruments or voices may simply play or sing louder or softer; and/or

question

true

answer

music always has rhythm

question

long and short sounds

answer

rhythm refers to the arrangement of

question

measured silence

answer

rests indicate

question

rate of speed

answer

Rhythm notation indicates all of the following except

question

tempo

answer

The rate of speed of a musical composition is its

question

metronome

answer

The __________ is an instrument that helps composers indicate the tempo of a composition.

question

all the above

answer

Verbal tempo indications are

question

metrical patterns called measures

answer

Meter refers to the organization of rhythm into

question

time

answer

Music is never static, but continually moves in

question

true

answer

Musical sounds vary in intensity as well as in duration.

question

march

answer

One example of unmetered music is a

question

literary prose

answer

The rhythms in unmetered music may be compared with

question

poetry

answer

The rhythms in metered music may be compared with

question

measures

answer

Metered music is notated in units called

question

true

answer

In metered music, tones may occur on, before, or after the beats.

question

two

answer

Duple meter has __________ beats per measure.

question

three

answer

Triple meter has __________ beats per measure.

question

four

answer

Quadruple meter has __________ beats per measure.

question

fasle

answer

In metered Western music, it is customary to accent the first and fourth beats of each measure.

question

false

answer

When there are more than three beats per measure, a secondary accent cannot occur.

question

supposition

answer

Accents may be achieved each of the following ways except

question

syncopation

answer

Accented notes occurring in unexpected places create the rhythmic effect called

question

false

answer

One way to achieve rhythmic variety in metered music is to avoid syncopation.

question

ragtime

answer

Syncopation is used in jazz and in __________, a precursor of jazz.

question

strains

answer

The melodic sections in ragtime are called

question

half note

answer

The note that usually equals two beats:

question

quarter note

answer

The note that usually equals one beat:

question

whole note

answer

The note that usually equals four beats:

question

eight note

answer

The note that usually equals one-half beat:

question

false

answer

There is usually no reference to tempo on a printed program.

question

false

answer

The conductor bears little responsibility and has only limited control over a performance.

question

false

answer

The conductor brings his arm up on the first beat of the measure, which is normally the strongest.

question

upbeat

answer

The last beat of a measure, which is usually the weakest, is called the

question

true

answer

Conducting patterns should coincide with the

question

true

answer

A melody is a succession of tones logically conceived so as to make musical sense.

question

phrases

answer

A melody consists of one or more parts that are called

question

cadences

answer

The stopping points that "punctuate" melodic phrases are called

question

a b

answer

The melodic form of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" is:

question

abab modified

answer

The melodic form of the "Jingle Bells" refrain is:

question

aaba modified

answer

The melodic form of "Deck the Halls" is:

question

contour

answer

A written melody forms a linear pattern on the staff called the

question

stepwise

answer

When the pitches of a melody lie close to one another on the staff, the melodic line is smooth or

question

disjunct

answer

When the pitches of a melody occur in wide intervals, the melodic line is angular or

question

false

answer

A sequence is the repetition of a melodic phrase at the same pitch level.

question

false

answer

All cadences convey the same degree of arrival or finality.

question

ostinato

answer

A melodic and/or rhythmic pattern that is repeated many times is a(n)

question

three blind mice

answer

An example of a melodic sequence occurs in the beginning of

question

jingle bells

answer

An example of motivic repetition occurs near the beginning of

question

true

answer

Rhythmic patterns, phrase structure, and contour are some of the qualities that distinguish one melody from another.

question

tune

answer

A melody is sometimes referred to as a

question

motive

answer

A short melodic idea that sounds fragmentary is a

question

lyrical

answer

A melody with a songlike character is

question

theme

answer

A recurring melody in a movement, a section of a movement, or an entire composition is called a

question

half step

answer

The distance from any note on a keyboard to its nearest neighbor in either direction is a(n)

question

true

answer

Two half steps comprise one whole step.

question

half step

answer

The smallest interval traditionally used in Western music is the

question

true

answer

A scale is an ascending or descending pattern of half and whole steps with the range of one octave.

question

false

answer

The most commonly used scales in Eastern music are major and minor.

question

five whole steps and two half steps

answer

Major and minor scales each contain

question

diatonic

answer

The scales in Western music are referred to as

question

WWHWWWH

answer

The ascending major scale pattern is

question

WHWWHWW

answer

The ascending minor scale pattern is

question

tonic

answer

The first and last note of either the major or minor scale is called the

question

key

answer

The tonic note of the scale upon which a composition is based is also the name of the __________ in which the piece is written.

question

false

answer

The whole-tone scale divides the octave into eight whole steps.

question

half steps

answer

The chromatic scale divides the octave into

question

tonic

answer

Melodies based on the major or minor scales always lead to and conclude on the

question

true

answer

The whole-tone scale has no leading tone.

question

pentatonic

answer

A five-tone scale within the range of an octave is called the

question

merrily we roll along

answer

One melody that can be played on the black keys of the piano is

question

true

answer

There are an unlimited number of possible scale patterns.

question

strophic

answer

When a song consists of two or more verses that are set to the same music, it is said to be in _______ form.

question

refrain

answer

A recurring section of text and melody that follows each verse of a song is called a

question

true

answer

In music, two or more different tones sounded together produce harmony.

question

false

answer

In music, harmony signifies a pleasant or desirable condition.

question

false

answer

In music, dissonance implies a negative or undesirable situation.

question

consonance

answer

In music, the opposite of dissonance is

question

dissonant

answer

When two or more simultaneous pitches create a sense of tension and drive, they are said to be

question

false

answer

Consonance and dissonance are relative rather than absolute terms, meaningful only when compared to each other.

question

octave

answer

The most consonant interval is a

question

false

answer

The standard by which sounds are labeled "consonant" and "dissonant" remains constant through time but differs from culture to culture.

question

chord

answer

Three or more pitches sounding simultaneously to form a whole comprise a

question

dissonance resolves the tension created by consonance.

answer

The relationship between dissonance and consonance in tonal music may be summarized as:

question

all of the above

answer

Chords may be constructed upon the following intervals:

question

thirds

answer

The most common interval used in chord construction in traditional Western music is

question

tonal

answer

When two or more simultaneous pitches create a sense of stability or rest, they are said to be

question

true

answer

Although melody is consecutive and "linear" while harmony is simultaneous and "vertical," the two concepts are in fact interrelated, and work closely together.

question

tonal

answer

The system of harmony that has been prevalent in the West for nearly three hundred years is called the __________ system.

question

false

answer

Tonality refers to the dominance of the dominant note over other pitches in the major or minor scale.

question

dominant

answer

The fifth step of a diatonic scale is called the

question

true

answer

The dominant triad seems to lead toward the tonic.

question

subdominant

answer

The fourth step of a diatonic scale is called the

question

true

answer

The subdominant triad provides a somewhat weaker sense of drive toward the tonic chord than the dominant triad.

question

none of the above

answer

The strongest harmonic relationship or "pull" in the tonal system is

question

texture

answer

Melodic lines, used singly, combined with one another, or accompanied by harmony, form

question

monophony

answer

A single, unaccompanied melodic line has a type of texture called

question

polyphony

answer

A texture that involves melody used in two or more lines simultaneously is called

question

homophony

answer

When a primary melody is accompanied by other, subordinate voices that produce harmony, the texture is called

question

polyphonic

answer

A round is an example of __________ texture.

question

homophonic

answer

A hymn sung with accompaniment is an example of ___________ texture.

question

false

answer

Because polyphony consists of simultaneous, independent melodies, it can not produce harmony.

question

1600's

answer

The modern concept of tonal harmony based on major and minor scales was accepted in the

question

false

answer

Harmony is an essential element of non-Western music.

question

timbre

answer

The quality of sound that is characteristic of a particular voice, instrument, or ensemble is called its

question

true

answer

Timbre in music is often compared to color in art, and different instrumental or vocal sounds may be described as having different "colors."

question

true

answer

Timbre is largely determined by the shape of the sound waves produced by a voice or instrument.

question

all of the above

answer

Timbre can be affected by

question

false

answer

The range of "colors" or timbres in music is not nearly as great as the range of colors in the visual arts.

question

true

answer

Modern composers have expanded the range of acceptable, "musical" timbres to include both mechanical and natural sounds.

question

false

answer

A contralto's voice is often lighter and thinner than a soprano's.

question

true

answer

A high baritone may sing in the tenor range, but the timbre of the baritone's voice is richer or "darker" than a tenor's.

question

French horns, violins, drums, and pianos.

answer

The four families of instruments within an orchestra are the

question

by blowing gently into the soundhole.

answer

The instruments in the string family may be played in any of the following ways except

question

harp

answer

The stringed instrument in the orchestra that is always plucked is the

question

all of the above

answer

The stringed instruments that are normally not included in the orchestra include the

question

clarinet

answer

The woodwind family includes the piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, __________, and bassoon.

question

french horn

answer

Included in the brass family are the trumpet, ____________, trombone, and tuba.

question

true

answer

The brass instruments have cupped mouthpieces and flared "bells."

question

xylophone

answer

Percussion instruments that produce definite pitches include the timpani, the chimes, and mallet instruments such as the

question

cymbals

answer

Percussion instruments that produce indefinite pitches include the tambourine, triangle, __________, and drums.

question

false

answer

All keyboard instruments produce their sound through vibrating strings that are either plucked or struck when the player presses down on a key.

question

plectrum

answer

When the key of a harpsichord is depressed, a small piece called the ___________ plucks one of the strings.

question

false

answer

The tones of a harpsichord last longer than those of a piano.

question

sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries.

answer

The harpsichord was of great importance during the

question

sustain tones after the keys have been lifted.

answer

The damper pedal of the piano allows the pianist to

question

with a wider range of dynamic levels.

answer

Compared to the harpsichord, the piano allows the performer to play

question

true

answer

The organ is a keyboard instrument whose tones are produced by wind going through sets of pipes of various lengths and materials.

question

pipe organ

answer

The "king of instruments" is the

question

stops

answer

The adjusting levers, buttons, or handles on an organ are called

question

synsthesizer

answer

An electronic instrument that can produce an unlimited variety of sounds as well as modify sounds produced by other sources is the

question

true

answer

The advent of electronic composition has allowed some composers to completely bypass the uncertainties of live performance.

question

true

answer

MIDI is a recently developed system that allows musicians and composers to control synthesizers, sound modules, and drum machines from a computer.

question

hearing a live performance

answer

The best and most satisfying way to experience music is

question

all of the above

answer

Some of the elements that can differ in every performance are

question

true

answer

Both performing and listening to music are highly subjective experiences.

question

false

answer

Listening repeatedly to the same recording helps the listener discern the difference between the quality of the performance and that of the composition.

question

Listening to different recordings of the same work

answer

Listening to different recordings of the same work

question

concertmaster

answer

Shortly before an orchestral performance is to begin, the first violinist, known as the ____________, enters the stage.

question

oboist

answer

The assistant to the conductor calls the orchestra to attention and then gestures to the _________ to play a tuning pitch.

question

A

answer

The pitch to which the orchestra and band tunes is

question

true

answer

If a keyboard instrument is included in the ensemble, the other instruments must tune to it, since the tuning of a piano or organ cannot be quickly adjusted.

question

conductor

answer

The last person to enter the stage, just before the concert begins, is the

question

true

answer

The size of the orchestra can vary according to the style of music being performed.

question

true

answer

During the nineteenth century, several new instruments were added to the orchestra, making the orchestras bigger than eighteenth-century orchestras.

question

smaller

answer

A twentieth-century trend toward restraint and control of resources has led many composers to write for ___________ ensembles.

question

repetition and contrast

answer

Formal design in music is based on the principles of

question

In order to understand and appreciate the form of a musical work, a listener must

answer

In order to understand and appreciate the form of a musical work, a listener must

question

symphony

answer

A multimovement orchestral work is called a

question

true

answer

Because a symphony is conceived as a whole, it is seldom appropriate to applaud between the movements of a symphony.

question

concerto

answer

A multimovement work that exploits the contrasts between a soloist and the orchestra is called a

question

program

answer

Music based upon a literary or extramusical subject is called _____________ music.

question

tempo

answer

A printed program provides the title and composer of each composition, as well as the __________, mood, or title of each movement of a multimovement work.

question

brass

answer

A band consists of instruments from the woodwind, ___________, and percussion families.

question

true

answer

Composers now write music specifically for symphonic band.

question

-Philosophers ; writers considered it the "Age of Enlightenment." -Ideals of human equality and freedom grew -American and French Revolution took place.

answer

Classical Period stuff

question

Polyphonic; Homophonic

answer

Late Baroque Music is characterized by ______ texture and classical music is ______ texture

question

More and more music was written for amateurs who couldn't master the difficult art of improvising from a figured bass.

answer

Basso Continuo became obsolute during the classical era b/c...

question

-EARLY composers wrote pieces that were easy for amateurs to play. -Composers wrote more COMIC operas, some w/ plots that ridiculed the aristocracy. -Composers used FOLK SONGS as theres an instrumental music and composed melodies w/ a rustic (country) flavor.

answer

Influence of muddle class taste on classical music

question

A phrase w/ an INCONCLUSIVE followed by a phrase w/ a CONCLUSIVE ending.

answer

Balance & symmetry in melody of classical era having the for AA'

question

Polyphony

answer

Imitation is a characteristic of _______

question

-Change in rhythm within MOVEMENT -Change from one rhythmic pattern to another might be SUDDEN or GRADUAL -Has unexpected PAUSES ; SYNCOPATION

answer

Rhythm in classical era..

question

-FRENCH HORNS ; CLARINET began to be used. -Used STRINGS, WIND, BRASS, AND PERCUSSION instruments.

answer

Orchestra

question

Fast/slow/dance-related/fast

answer

ORCHESTRA or STRING QUARTET, the tempos of the 4 movements typically followed the pattern...?

question

Mozart Haydn Beethoven

answer

3 masters of this era

question

-Emphasizing BALANCE through unity ; logic w/ a wide emotional range -Firmly controlled changed of mood in music, however abrupt or extreme the change may be.

answer

Composers shaped the expression of mood in music by...

question

-Left position as court musician in early life -Worked as a freelance musician -Fell into debt after his popularity w. musical public declined:(

answer

Career of Mozart

question

-Bought tickets to see orchestras and shows -Paid for family to take musical lessons -Bought instruments ; printed music for use in home

answer

Middle Class enjoyed music by...

question

Strings Woodwinds Brass

answer

Instruments in the orchestra of Haydn or Mozart

question

Rhythm

answer

Flexibility of was a characteristic of classical style

question

-Folk or popular style -Easy to remember -Tuneful

answer

MELODY in the classical era

question

-From DRAMATIC to CAREFREE moods -Multiple themes -Contrasts within themes

answer

MOOD in classical era compared to baroque

question

-Can shift flexibly from one texture to another -More HOMOPHONIC than POLYPHONIC

answer

TEXTURE in classical era compared to baroque

question

-Have CONTRASTING SECTIONS with different themes and tonalities -Balance ; release of tension would be achieved by the end of the movement

answer

MOVEMENT of music in classical era

question

TRUE

answer

Composers did NOT employ one type of instrument in place of another (t/f)

question

Beethoven Mozart Haydn

answer

Who worked in Vienna during the classical period

question

-Use 2 or more THEMES in ONE MOVEMENT -Have music pause to signal the entrance of new theme -Contrast themes vividly

answer

Composer characteristics of this era

question

-FRENCH HORNS ; TRUMPETS strengthened loud passages but could play more quietly to fill out the harmony -1st VIOLINS usually played the MELODY, and LOWER STRINGS played the ACCOMPANIMENT. -The WOODWINDS provided tone colors that contrasted w/ that of the violins ; even played the melody.

answer

Functions of instrumental sections in the orchestra

question

Monumental baroque-->Graceful rococo-->neoclassical

answer

Change in artistic styles in 18th C

question

-Spent most of his life working for an aristocratic family. -Composed music ordered by his employer -Status was a skilled servant

answer

Haydn

question

1. Polyphony -->Tuneful melody & simple harmony-->contrasts of mood & theme-->balance & clarity 2. Baroque -->preclassical-->style galant(rococo)-->classical

answer

2 sequences best represent musical developments in Europe in period 1750-1820

question

-Many nobility treated him as their equal -Enjoyed success thanks to a growing middle class audience

answer

Beethoven

question

-Aristocrats sometimes accompanied musicians, including Empress Maria Therera ; Empire Joseph II. -Street musicians could perform profitably there ; be hired to play for outdoor garden parties -Aristocrats from all over the Holy Roman Empire spent the winter there, bringing their private orchestras with them.

answer

Vienna Importances

question

Composers emphasized balance thru unity and logic in music with a wide emotional range. Composers firmly controlled changes of mood in their music, however abrupt or extreme the change might be.

answer

Which two of the following statements best illustrate how classical composers shaped expression mood in their music?

question

Pathetique

answer

Beethoven gave his Piano Sonata in C Minor OP. 13 the title Pathetique because of its passionate character.

question

More and more music was written for amateurs who could not master the difficult art of improvising from a figured bass.

answer

One reason that basso CONTINUO became obsolete during the classical era?

question

Clarinet began to be used. Its used string, wind, brass and percussion instruments.

answer

True statements about orchestra of the classical period

question

A phrase with an inconclusive ending followed by a phrase with a conclusive ending

answer

Balance and symmetry in a typical melody of the classical era having the form AA

question

Each variation is usually about the same length as the theme

answer

In the theme and variations form of the classical period

question

Dynamics

answer

The element of music that sounds loud or soft (quiet) is

question

Philosophers and writers considered it an "age of enlightenment." The ideals of human equality and freedom grew in prominence. American and French Revolution took place.

answer

Occurred during the classical period

question

Minuet-trio-minuet

answer

Minuet and trio form

question

Beethoven, Mozart, and Haydn

answer

Master composers of the classical era?

question

FALSE. Flexibility and rhythm adds variety ot classical music

answer

Flexibility of rhythm was NOT a characteristic of the classical style

question

Robust, direct and with a sense of optimism and humor, it was influenced by folk music and his love of nature.

answer

Haydn's musical style

question

monumental baroque - graceful rococo - neoclassical

answer

Changes in artistic styles in the eighteenth century

question

Fast/slow/dance-related/fast

answer

In a classical era work for orchestra or string quartet the tempos of the four movements typically followed which of the following patterns?

question

A rondo can be an independent movement or the final movement of a multi-movement work such as a symphony or sonata. Rondo pattern A B A C A B A the C theme may be replaced by a development section to create a sonata-rondo.

answer

Rondo form?

question

Using the classical forms and techniques of Morzart and Haydn, Beethoven added innovations that bridged the classic and romantic areas. Beethoven's music has strong tension and dissonances, wide ranges of pitch and dynamics, and titanic climaxes. Composed long movements yet used various means of unity to give his works cohesion.

answer

Beethoven's musical style

question

Polyphonic, homophonic

answer

Late baroque music was characterized by Polyphonic texture whereas classical music is basically in Homophonic texture.

question

Composed music ordered by his employer. Spent most of his life working for one aristocratic family. Haydn's status was that of a skilled servant.

answer

Franz Joseph Haydn Career

question

Sometimes the minuet and trio is the second movement and the slow movement is the third

answer

A work for string quartet in the classical era had the same pattern of movements as a symphony except that?

question

Is in a key other than the tonic key of the other movements. Slow tempo and song-like theme. May be in sonata (sonata-allegro) form or theme and variations form.

answer

Characteristics of the second movement of a classical symphony

question

They purchased instruments and printed music for use in the home. They bought tickets to public concerts of symphonies and concertos. The paid for music lessons for family members.

answer

Middle class public of classical era enjoyed music

question

Finale movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony calls for four vocal soloists and choir. Beethoven completed nine symphonies. They are entirely instrumental except the Ninth symphony. Beethoven's odd numbered symphonies are powerful and assertive his even numbered symphonies are calm and lyrical.

answer

Beethoven's symphonies

question

A tuneful main theme returns in alternation with other themes (as in the form ABACA)

answer

Rondo form

question

The point in the movement when the cadenza is to be played is indicated by a fermata. The orchestra momentarily stops playing while the soloist plays dazzling scale passages and broken chords. Cadenzas were originally improvised but later were written out by the composer.

answer

Cadenza in most classical concertos

question

Early classical composers wrote pieces that were easy for amateurs to play. Classical composers used folk songs as themes in instrumental music and composed melodies with rustic (country) flavor. Classical composers wrote more comic operas some with plots that ridiculed the aristocracy.

answer

Influence of the middle class tastes on classical music

question

The finale is a triumphant climax to the work. Finished in 1808

answer

Beethoven's Symphony No 5

question

Exposition-development-recapitulation-coda

answer

Typical sequence of events in a movement in sonata-allergro (sonata) form

question

Beethoven's fourth movement tended to be more triumphant in character.

answer

Beethoven's fourth movement differs from those of Haydn and Mozart

question

It may have a slow introduction, it is usually in sonata form, it has fast tempo and dramatic mood

answer

Characteristics of the first movement of a classical symphony

question

Ability to bring characters to life through music by drawing on his inexhaustible gift for melody. Keen sense of theater with humorous and serious characters in his comic opera plots. Coordination of music and stage action.

answer

Mozart's operas techniquess

question

TRUE

answer

Unlike earlier composers classical composers did NOT readily employ one type of instrument in place of another such as an oboe for a violin

question

Violin, cello and piano. Two violins, viola and cello. violin and piano

answer

Typical ensembles that played chamber music in the classical era

question

Cadenza

answer

Musical passage that the piano begins in this audio selecion

question

Innovative harmonies contrasting with song like lyricism. Balance, restraint, and proportion. Ease, grace and spontaneity.

answer

Adjectives summarize or typify the music of Mozart

question

The selection is an operatic ensemble in which several led characters are heard singing different words simultaneously. The selection is form Act 1 Mozart's opera Don Giovanni

answer

Which of the following statement about this audio selection are true

question

The failure of the opera Don Giovanni in Vienna led to a decline in Mozart's popularity

answer

Mozart's final years and premature death

question

Piano sonata in C Minor Op 13 movement I by Beethoven

answer

What is the work in this audio recording and who composed it

question

Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas benefited from the expanded capabilities resulting from advances in the manufacture of the piano. Experimented and tested new ideas in his piano sonatas some of which were then used in his string quartets and symphonies.

answer

Beethoven's piano sonatas

question

Polyphony-tuneful melody and simple harmony-contrasts of mood and theme- balance and clarity. Baroque-preclassical-style galant (rococo) - classical

answer

Musical development in Europe in the period 1750 - 1820

question

String quartets, piano concertos, and symphonies

answer

Mozart excelled

question

The character leporello is a comical servant who dreams of being in his master Don Giovanni's place. Cemetery statue of military officer whom Don Giovanni murdered miraculously come to life. The libretto combines elements of comic opera (slapstick humor) with serious opera (violence and immorality)

answer

Mozart and Don Giovanni

question

First movement is in sonata allegro form with two expositions. Begins with only the orchestra playing. There is no modulation to a new key until near the end of the second exposition.

answer

First movement of a classical concerto

question

Mozart, Don Giovanni, Act I Aria by Leoporello

answer

Identifies the composer, work and character

question

Scherzo

answer

As an alternative to the minuet and trio form for his third movement, Beethoven often used the

question

Skilled servant, Entered the service of the Esterhazy family for whom he worked for almost thirty years. Haydn composed a vast amount of music in many forms.

answer

Haydn's Early Career

question

used ear trumpets and in conversations people had to write their questions comments in notebooks. After 1818 out of total deafness Beethoven composed magnificent piano sonatas, string, quartets and the Ninth Symphony. After age 44 he was so deaf he could not perform piano in public and his conducting was ineffective.

answer

Beethoven's final years

question

His music became popular all over Europe. He composed twelve symphonies for performance in London in the 1790s. Choruses and orchestras were formed solely to perform his oratories, the Creation and The Seasons.

answer

Haydn in his later career

question

Aristocrats in Vienna were sometimes accomplished musicians including the Empress Maria Theresa and the Emperor Joseph II. Aristocrats from all over the holy roman empire spent the winter there bringing their private orchestras with them. Street musicians could perform profitably in Vienna and be hired to play for outdoor garden parties.

answer

Vienna in the era of classical music

question

The 2nd movement of Haydn's Symphony No 94 in G Major

answer

Example of music theme and variations forms

question

Haydn, Beethoven, and Mozart

answer

Composers worked in Vienna during the classical period

question

Haydn, Trumpet Concerto in E flat Major Third Movement

answer

Audio Recording title

question

This is a rondo theme in the style of a Gypsy violinist playing a folk dance. Like many rondo themes this one is lively and easy to remember

answer

String Quartet in C Minor Op 18 No 4 Fourth movement Rondo (Allegro)

question

Woodwinds and strings play the short-short-short-long rhythmic idea that unifies the symphony. A Bridge following the third movement connects the fourth movement. The trumpets proclaim the main theme of the final movement.

answer

Beethoven's fifth symphony

question

A lyric theme in the woodwinds becomes a loud theme in the brass instruments.

answer

2nd movement of Beethoven's fifth symphony

question

Entry of the lyric 2nd theme in the exposition of a movement in sonata from following the end of the bridge. Conclusion of the bridge in the exposition of a movement in sonata form. A bass line that emphasizes the arrival at a new key.

answer

Mozart's Symphony No 40 in G Minor

question

Ease, grace, and spontaneity. Innovative harmonies contrasting with song like lyricism. balance, restraint and proportion.

answer

Mozart's Music

question

Polyphony-tuneful melody and simple harmony-contrasts of mood and theme-balance and clarity. Baroque-preclassical-style galant (rococo)-classica

answer

Europe in the period 1750-1820 best represent musical development

question

A change from one rhythmic pattern to another might be sudden or gradual. Had changes in rhythmic within a movement. Unexpected pauses and syncopation.

answer

Characteristics of rhythm in music of the classical era

question

Written Oct 1785 to May 1786. The lyrical and elegant mood of this concerto and its key of A major is shared by a love duet in Don Giovanni and the clarinet concerto in A major. Mozart wrote that this concerto was one of "the compositions I keep for myself."

answer

Mozart's piano concerto in A major K. 488

question

Pathetique

answer

Beethoven gave his Piano Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13, the title ______ because of its passionate character.

question

- innovative harmonies contrasting with song-like lyricism - balance, restraint, and proportion - ease, grace, and spontaneity

answer

Which of the following adjectives summarize or typify the music of Mozart?

question

continuo

answer

One reason that basso _______ became obsolete during the classical era was that more and more music was written for amateurs who could not master the difficult art of improvising from a figured bass.

question

sometimes the minuet and trio is the second movement, and the slow movement is the third.

answer

A work for string quartet in the classical era had the same pattern of movements as a symphony, except that

question

- he fell int debt after his popularity with the musical public declined - he left his position as a court musician in early life - he worked as a freelance musician

answer

Which of the following are true statements about the career of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?

question

- a slow introduction may precede a fast tempo for the rest of the movement. - it is usually in sonata (sonata-allegro) form. - it has fast tempo and dramatic mood

answer

Which of the following are common characteristics of the first movement of a classical symphony?

question

dynamics.

answer

The element of music that sounds loud or soft (quiet) is

question

- ability to bring characters to life through music by drawing on his inexhaustible gift for melody - coordination of music and stage action - keen sense of theater, with humorous and serious characters in his comic opera plots.

answer

Which of the following techniques summarize Mozart's operas?

question

polyphonic; homophonic

answer

Late baroque music was characterized by a ______ texture, whereas classical music is basically ______ in texture.

question

- polyphony ; tuneful melody and simple harmony ; contrasts of mood and theme ; balance and clarity - baroque ; preclassical ; style galant (rococo) ; classical

answer

Which two sequences best represent musical developments in Europe in the period 1750-1820?

question

each variation is usually about the same length as the theme.

answer

In the theme-and-variations form of the classical period,

question

Fast/slow/dance-related/fast

answer

In a classical-era work for orchestra or string quarter, the tempos of the four movements typically followed which of the following patterns?

question

- Cadenzas were originally improvised but later were written out by the composer. - The orchestra momentarily stops playing while the soloist plays dazzling scale passages and broken chords. - The point in the movement when the cadenza is to be played is indicated by a fermata.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about the cadenza in most classical concertos?

question

- woodwinds - strings - brass

answer

Which of the following were sections (groups) of instruments in the typical orchestra of Haydn or Mozart?

question

minuet ; trio ; minuet

answer

Which of the following sequences accurately represent minuet and trio form?

question

- Beethoven - Haydn - Mozart

answer

Who were the tree master composers of the classical era?

question

A phrase with an inconclusive ending followed by a phrase with a conclusive ending

answer

Which of the following best describes the balance and symmetry in atypical melody of the classical era having the form A A'?

question

- There are many ways of combining the soloist and orchestra, such as the soloist accompanying the orchestra when it has the theme. - The classical concerto combines the wide range of dynamics and tone colors of the orchestra with the curiosity of the soloist. - the classical concerto is a three-movement work for instrumental soloist and orchestra.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about the classical concertos?

question

A tuneful main theme returns in alteration with other themes (as in the form ABACA).

answer

Which of the following best describes the rondo form?

question

False

answer

True or false: Flexibility of rhythm was not a characteristic of the classical style.

question

monumental baroque > graceful rococo > neoclassical

answer

Which of the following lists best describes changes in artistic styles in the eighteenth century?

question

- Beethoven's first style period (up to 1802) showed Beethoven's unique style emerging from the influence of Haydn and Mozart. - During his third style period (1814-1827), Beethoven wrote fugues and surprisingly "modern" music that was difficult the play.

answer

Which of the following statements about the three style periods into which Beethoven's works are usually divided?

question

- The first movement begins with only the orchestra playing. - The first movement is in sonata (sonata-allegro) form with two expositions. - There is no modulation to a new key until near the end of the second exposition.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about the first movement of a classical concerto?

question

- A classical era movement had contrasts within themes. - Classical music fluctuated from dramatic to carefree moods. - A classical-era movement had multiple themes.

answer

Which of the following accurately describe mood in classical-era music, particularly in contrast to baroque music?

question

- It was influenced by folk music and his love of nature. - It often had a sense of humor. - It was robust, direct, and with a sense of optimism.

answer

Which of the following are accurate assessments of Haydn's musical style?

question

- Classical composers wrote more comic operas, some with plots that ridiculed the aristocracy. - Early classical composers wrote pieces that were easy for amateurs to play. - Classical composers used folk songs as themes in instrumental music and composed melodies with a rustic (country) flavor.

answer

Which of the following statements accurately interpret the influence of middle-class tastes on classical music?

question

- Beethoven composed long movements, yet used various means of unity to give his works cohesion. - Using the classical forms and techniques of Mozart and Haydn, Beethoven added innovations that bridged the classic and romantic eras. - Beethoven's music has strong tension and dissonances, wide ranges of pitch and dynamics, and titanic climaxes.

answer

Which of the following statements about Beethoven's musical style are correct?

question

first theme > bridge > second theme > closing section > repeat from the beginning

answer

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the typical sequence of events in the exposition of a classical-era sonata form?

question

- Variety was created from many changes in texture, key, rhythm, dynamics, and orchestration. - Haydn was prone to modifying rules of composition and experimenting with the new methods or forms. - Haydn's themes are often humorous, achieved by unexpected pauses and sudden shifts in tempo, dynamics, or pitch.

answer

Which of the following are accurate characterizations of Haydn's technique of composing?

question

- They bought tickets to public concerts of symphonies and concertos. - They paid for music lessons for family members. - They purchased instruments and printed music for use in the home.

answer

Which of the following statements describe how the middle-class public of the classical era enjoyed music?

question

- Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas benefited from the expanded capabilities resulting from advances in the manufacture of the piano. - Beethoven experimented and tested new ideas in his piano sonatas, some of which were then used in his string quartets. - Beethoven experimented and tested new ideas in his piano sonatas, some of which were then used in his symphonies.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about Beethoven's piano sonatas?

question

- In classical music, a change from one rhythmic pattern to another might be sudden or gradual. - Classical music has unexpected pauses and syncopations. - Classical music had changes in rhythm within a movement.

answer

Which of the following are characteristics of rhythm in music of the classical era?

question

- Beethoven completed nine symphonies. They are entirely instrumental, except the Ninth Symphony. - The Finale movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony calls for four vocal soloists and a choir. - Beethoven's odd-numbered symphonies are powerful and assertive; his even-numbered symphonies are clam and lyrical.

answer

Which of the following are accurate statements about Beethoven's symphonies?

question

scherzo.

answer

As an alternative to the minuet-and-trio form for his third movements, Beethoven often used the

question

- In the rondo pattern A B A C A B A, the C theme may be replaced by a development section to create a sonata-rondo. - A rondo can be an independent movement or the final movement of a multimovement work such as a symphony or sonata.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about rondo form?

question

- Voltaire and other philosophers believed in progress. - Political and economic power shifted from the aristocracy to the middle class. - Human conduct was increasingly guided by reason rather than custom or tradition.

answer

Which of the following changes in European culture took place between the baroque era and the classical era?

question

- This concerto was written in a period (October 1785 to May 1786) when Mozart composed a number of important concertos, operas, and other music. - The lyrical and elegant mood of this concerto and its key of A major is shared by a love duet in Don Giovanni and the Clarinet Concerto in A Major. - Mozart wrote that this concerto was one of "the compositions I keep for myself..."

answer

Which of the following statements indicate significant aspects of Mozart's Piano Concerto in A Major, K. 488?

question

The failure of the opera Don Giovanni in Vienna led to a decline in Mozart's popularity.

answer

Which of the following statements about Mozart's final years and premature death are accurate?

question

True

answer

True or false: Unlike earlier composers, classical composers did not readily employ one type of instrument in place of another, such as an oboe for a violin.

question

- After 1818, out of total deafness, Beethoven composed magnificent piano sonatas, string quartets, and the Ninth Symphony. - Beethoven used ear trumpets, and in conversations, people had to write their questions and comments in notebooks for him to read. - After age 44, Beethoven was so deaf he could not perform piano in public, and his conducting was ineffective.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about Beethoven's final years?

question

- Soon after arriving in Vienna, Beethoven became popular with the public and nobility alike. - Beethoven began to go deaf in his late twenties but found new determination to be a composer in his Heiligenstadt Testament (1802).

answer

Which of the following are true statements about Beethoven's adult career?

question

- Beethoven - Mozart - Haydn

answer

Which of the following composers worked in Vienna during the classical period?

question

- He composed twelve symphonies for performance in London in the 1790s. - His music became popular all over Europe. - Choruses and orchestras were formed solely to perform his oratorios The Creation and The Seasons.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about Haydn in his later career?

question

exposition > development > recapitulation > coda

answer

Which of the following correctly represent the typical sequence of events in a movement in sonata-allegro (sonata) form?

question

With Beethoven, the fourth movements tended to be more triumphant in character.

answer

In the classical symphony, how did Beethoven's fourth movements differ from those of Haydn and Mozart?

question

- As an adolescent, Beethoven impressed Mozart with his performance skills. - Before he was a teenager he had several piano pieces published. - He was born in Bonn, Germany, into a musical family.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about Beethoven's childhood and youth?

question

- He learned the characteristic music of each country and city he visited, such as opera in Italy. - He was a child prodigy who toured throughout Europe, performing before the public and before Louis XV of France and other royalty. - He could improvise fugues at age 6, compose symphonies by age 8, and wrote an opera at age 12.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about Mozart's child and youth?

question

- Haydn entered the service of the Esterhazy family, for whom he worked for almost thirty years. - Haydn composed a vast amount of music in many forms. - Haydn was given the rank of skilled servant.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about Haydn's early career?

question

the bridge between the first and second themes does not modulate, and the second theme is in the tonic key.

answer

The crucial aspect of the recapitulation in a sonata movement is that

question

The second movement of Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in g Major

answer

Which of the following is an example of music in theme-and-variations form?

question

- Haydn was born in an Austrian village. - For a time, Haydn was a poor street musician. - Haydn served as a choirboy in Vienna.

answer

Which of the following are true statements about Haydn's childhood and youth?

question

1750-1820

answer

What is the approximate dates which encompasses musical Classical period

question

Preclassical : the transition from Baroque style to the full flowering of the classical, roughly 1730-1770. Classical: Refer to Greek or Roman antiquity; 1750-1820

answer

Define and date the stylistic phases 1. Pre classical 2. Classical

question

A style of light, graceful music, comparable to the Rococo style.

answer

Describe the following stylistic traits of the Classical period: A) Style Galant

question

May change gradually or suddenly, expressing conflicting surges of elation and depression

answer

B) Mood Contrasts

question

Adds variety, includes unexpected pauses, syncopation and frequent changes from long notes to shorter notes

answer

C) Rhythmic Flexibility

question

Home phone, treated as flexibly as rhythm, can change from a homophonic to a polyphonic

answer

D) Varieties of Texture

question

Ground balanced and symmetrical because they are frequently made up of 2 phrases of the same length 2nd may begin like the 1st but end more conclusively

answer

E) Melodic Traits

question

Crescendo and decrescendos were an electrifying novelty with gradual change not restricting

answer

F) Dynamics

question

More and more music was written for amateurs and classical composers wanted more control

answer

G) End of Basso Contimuo

question

Because the Piano was not as interesting during the Baroque period the classical period brought it into their music and the way it was presented it took off.

answer

Summarize the evolution of the classical instruments: Piano

question

Standard group of four sections: strings, Woodwinds, brass, and percussion

answer

The Orchestra

question

A form of 1st movement; consisting of 3 main sections: 1- Exposition: theme are presented; 2- Development: themes are treated in new ways; 3- Recapitulation: themes return

answer

Describe the following Classical forms: Sonata Form:

question

Theme: is repeated overs and over and Is changed each time variation will change ABCD Variation: about the same length as the theme, is unique and may differ in mood from the theme.

answer

Theme and Variation

question

Tuneful theme returns several times in alternation with other themes like ABCA & ABACABA; lively, pleasing and simple to remember

answer

Rondo

question

Is a combination of elements from sonata form to produce a sonata-rondo ABA - development section -ABA

answer

Sonata-rondo

question

2 slow movement 3 Dance related movement 4 Fast movement

answer

2,3 and 4 movement patterns

question

Minuet- Written for listening, it is a triple meter ((3/4) , usually in a moderate tempo, movement is in ABA form Trio- is usually quieter, requires fewer instruments, contains woodwind solos

answer

Minuet and trio

question

Whole composition make up of several movement

answer

Sonata

question

Is an extended, ambitious typically lasting between 20-45 minutes, exploiting the expanded twanged of tone color and dynamics of the classical orchestra. Has 4 movements which has a wide range of emotions

answer

Symphony

question

Light in mood, meant for evening entertainment. Written for small orchestra or for a string quartet plus a double bass

answer

Divertimento (serenade)

question

Is a 3 movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra

answer

Concerto

question

Italian for Cadence. Near the end of the movement, the orchestra suspends forward motion by briefly sustaining a dissonant chord

answer

Cadenza

question

Is designed for the intimate setting of a room (chamber) in a home or palace, performed by a small group of 2-9 musicians with 1 player to a part

answer

Chamber music

question

Written for 2 violins, a viola, and a cello

answer

String quartet

question

1732-1809; was the pathfinder for the classical style, a pioneer in the development of the symphony and string quartet. Composed The Creation; The Seasons; Symphony 94

answer

Haydn

question

1756-1791; was among the most versAtile of all composers: he wrote masterpieces in all the musical forms of his time. He composed; The Marriage of Figaro; Don Giovanni, and Cost Fan Tutte-All women Behave Like This.

answer

Mozart

question

1770-1827, opened new realms of musical expression that profoundly influenced composers throughout the 19th century. Composed Piano Sonata, Symphony No 5 , and Symphony No 6

answer

Beethoven

question

the coda

answer

The final section of a sonata-allegro movement, which rounds it off with a vigorous closing cadence, is:

question

It has a march like character

answer

Which of the following best describes the opening of the first movement of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik?

question

True

answer

The minuet was originally a Baroque court dance.

question

A-B-A

answer

The overall form of a minuet and trio is best described as:

question

False

answer

The Trumpet Concerto in E-flat is Haydn's only concerto

question

False

answer

Mozart was able to complete so many masterworks due to his ling career

question

used more chromatic harmonies

answer

In his third compositional period, Beethoven:

question

quasi una fantasia

answer

Beethoven gave his Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 the designation:

question

False

answer

Beethoven was unable to compose music after he became deaf

question

True

answer

Beethoven achieved much acclaim during his lifetime and died a famous and revered composer.

question

recapitulation

answer

The three main sections of sonata-allegro form are the exposition, the development, and the:

question

the most gifted child prodigy in the history of music.

answer

Mozart is remembered today as:

question

Requiem

answer

Mozart dies while writing his:

question

True

answer

In the first movement of a classical concerto, there is usually a double exposition.

question

the orchestra

answer

The typical first movement of a Classical concerto begins with:

question

the poet Rellstab shortly after the composer's death

answer

Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2 was subtitled Moonlight by:

question

True

answer

The trumpet Concerto in E-flat major, composed in 1796, was Haydn's last orchestral work.

question

is in a modified song form

answer

The first movement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 2:

question

all of the above

answer

The dreamy first movement of the Moonlight Sonata features:

question

False

answer

Mozart's personal feelings are often evident in the works he composed

question

True

answer

Eine Kleine Nachtmusik is probably the best known of Mozart's serenades.

question

Salzburg

answer

W.A. Mozart was born and lived in the early part of his life in

question

True

answer

Mozart wrote his piano concertos primarily for his own public performances.

question

Operas

answer

Mozart's financial circumstances depended largely on the popularity of his

question

All of these choices

answer

Mozart was highly successful in composing

question

is German for "A Little Night Music."

answer

eine kleine Nachtmusik:

question

False

answer

Mozart was consistently supported by Vienna's most important patrons.

question

True

answer

Mozart's melodies are simple, elegant, and songful.

question

father

answer

Leopold Mozart was W.A. Mozart's

question

True

answer

Mozart was a child prodigy, already composing music by the age of five.

question

J.C. Bach

answer

When he was 8 years old, Mozart traveled to London to study with

question

Vienna

answer

W.A. Mozart lived and worked most of his adult life in

question

False

answer

All of Mozart's operas were in Italian.

question

a serenade

answer

Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik is an example of:

question

the piano

answer

The instrument which Mozart played and for which he wrote many concertos was:

question

He dies at the age of 65

answer

Which statement is NOT true about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?

question

a Requiem mass

answer

At the time of his death, Mozart was working on this piece which was completed by one of his students.

question

four

answer

How many movements does Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 have?

question

No. 3

answer

With which symphony did Beethoven begin to expand the possibilities of the genre?

question

Metastasio

answer

The rigid conventions of opera seria were shaped largely by:

question

opera seria

answer

During the classical era, the prevalent form of the opera, which contained many recitatives and arias designed to display virtuosity, was called:

question

True

answer

Comic opera generally was sung un the language of the audience, or the vernacular

question

comic

answer

The tone of the Catalogue Aria from Mozart's Don Giovanni is:

question

his last work, incomplete at his death

answer

Mozart's Requiem was:

question

the Bible

answer

Oratorios primarily drew their stories from:

question

True

answer

The Dies irae is a poem in three-line rhymed verses

question

True

answer

The Dies irae from Mozart's Requiem includes solo voices

question

Bonn, Germany

answer

Beethoven was born in

question

True

answer

Although Beethoven received support from music-loving aristocrats and other admirers, he functioned primarily as a freelance, composer

question

True

answer

Beethoven's music often features dramatic contrasts

question

Salzburg

answer

W.A. Mozart was born and lived the early part of his life in

question

False

answer

Beethoven was best known during his life as a virtuoso violinist

question

Beethoven's Missa Solemnis

answer

Along with J.S. Bach's Mass in b minor, this piece is considered the most significant Mass setting of the common practice era

question

All of the above

answer

Fidelio deals with the topics of

question

The piano provided women with a socially acceptable performance outlet

answer

Which of the following best describes the role of women in nineteenth-century music?

question

piano

answer

The most importnant keyboard instrument of the Romantic period was the:

question

False

answer

The poem Elfking was written by Heinrich Heine

question

True

answer

A song in which the same melody is repeated with every stanza of the text is in strophic form

question

Clara Schumann

answer

Which of the following was a noted woman composer of the Romantic era?

question

True

answer

Nineteenth-century society saw a few women make careers as professional musicians

question

strophic

answer

A song form in which the same melody is repeated with every stanza of text is called:

question

symphony

answer

Chopin composed works in all of the following genres EXCEPT the:

question

True

answer

Schubert's Lied Elfking is through composed

question

love, longing, and nature

answer

The favorite subjects of the Romantic poets were:

question

Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel

answer

Which of the following composed the piano cycle The Year?

question

popular songs sung in a country's native language

answer

What is vernacular music?

question

Goethe

answer

Schubert's song Elfking is a setting of a ballad written by:

question

False

answer

Chopin's Mazurka in B-flat minor, Op. 24, No. 4 is in duple meter

question

The composers were always well known

answer

Which of the following does NOT describe American popular music of the nineteenth century?

question

Poland

answer

Chopin spent his early years in:

question

all of the above

answer

Nineteenth-century composers of the short, lyrics piano piece included:

question

Paris

answer

Chopin spent most of his productive life in:

question

a song cycle

answer

A group of Lieder unified by a narrative thread or by a descriptive or expressive theme is called:

question

False

answer

Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel's cycle The year is her only symphonic poem

question

more than 600

answer

Approximately how many songs did Schubert compose?

question

False

answer

Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel is known for her large-scale orchestral compositions

question

True

answer

Schubert composed over 600 Lieder

question

False

answer

Despite her gender, Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was encouraged by her family to pursure a career in music

question

Heinrich heine

answer

___ was NOT an important composer of the nineteenth-century Lieder

question

True

answer

Many Romantic piano works are in short, free forms.

question

piano

answer

Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel wrote her cycle The year for:

question

False

answer

Schubert composed Elfking just before he died

question

When Johnny Comes Marching Home

answer

Stephen Foster composed all of the following sings EXCEPT:

question

sister

answer

The pianist/composer Fanny Mendelssohn was Felix Mendelssohn's:

question

Felix Menddelssohn

answer

Founded during the nineteenth century, the Leipzig Conservatory became a model for music schools all over Europe and America. Its founder and director was:

question

all of the above

answer

Nineteenth century composers of the short, lyrics piano piece included"

question

the modern piano style

answer

Chopin is credited with creating:

question

short, lyric piano pieces

answer

titles such as Prelude, Impromptu, and Intermezzo are used for:

question

False

answer

Nineteenth century musicians continued to be viewed by society as glorified servants

question

True

answer

One of the prime traits of Romantic artists was their emphasis on intense emotional expression

question

Robert Schumann

answer

This Romantic composer founded "The New Journal of Music" in the nineteenth century

question

Felix Mendelssohn

answer

This noted Romantic Era musician conducted the premier of Schubert's Great C Major Symphony a decade after the composer's death

question

a chant from the Mass for the Dead

answer

the Dies Irae is:

question

String Quartet in B-flat Major

answer

Which of the following compositions is LEAST likely to be an example of program music?

question

Liszt

answer

Which of the following composers was the first to use the term symphonic poem?

question

incidental music

answer

Music written for plays, generally consisting of an overture and a series of pieces to be performed between acts, is called:

question

Russia

answer

The "Mighty Five" were composers from:

question

all of the above

answer

What scene is depicted in Smetana's symphonic poem the Moldau?

question

four

answer

How many movements does a typical Romantic symphony contain?

question

the aristocratic palace to the public concert hall

answer

By the Romantic era, concerts had moved from:

question

Clara Schumann

answer

Brahms maintained a lifelong, close relationship with:

question

programmatic images

answer

Which of the following does NOT characterize Brahms's Symphony No. 3?

question

Vienna

answer

Brahms eventually settled in what city?

question

False

answer

Brahms was the leading master of German opera in the nineteenth century

question

a program symphony

answer

Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique is an example of:

question

France

answer

Hector Berlioz was born and spent most of his career in:

question

Typical of French music, the emotions are restrained

answer

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the music of Berlioz?

question

True

answer

Berlioz was one of the boldest musical innovators of the nineteenth century

question

a symphonic poem

answer

A one-movement piece of program music for orchestra that, though several contrasting sections, develops a poetic idea or suggests a scene or mood is called:

question

False

answer

Smetana was a leading figure of the "Mighty Five" in Russia

question

True

answer

Nationalism found natural expression in music, among other arts

question

fast-slow-dance-fast

answer

The standard four-movement structure of a Romantic symphony is:

question

Brahms

answer

Which young composer did Robert and Clara Schumann take into their home

question

four

answer

Brahms wrote ___ symphonies

question

True

answer

Brahms's symphonies use a Romantic harmonic idiom but are Classical in form

question

Piave

answer

The librettist for Verdi's Rigoletto was:

question

True

answer

Women achieved prominence during the Romantic era as opera singers

question

separate arias

answer

In his Ring of the Nibelung, which characteristic of traditional opera did Wagner eliminate

question

True

answer

Like Berlioz, Debussy won the coveted Prix de Rome during his compositional studies at the Paris Conservatory

question

part song

answer

Which of the following choral genres was NOT originally intended for performance in church

question

False

answer

Wagner did not wish to change the prevaling form of opera in the nineteenth century

question

False

answer

The Dies irae from Verdi's Requiem is performed a capella

question

True

answer

Choral music offered the public an outlet for its creative energies

question

False

answer

Impressionist composers avoided ninth chords because they were prohibited in the Classical system of harmony

question

symbolism

answer

The French movement in poetry that revolted against traditional modes of expression is called:

question

Gilda, Rogoletto's daughter

answer

Who dies at the end of Rigoletto

question

quartet

answer

The ensemble that follows "La Donna e mobile" in Act III of Rigoletto is a(n)

question

It featured elaborate recitatives and arias

answer

Which of the following does NOT characterize Singspiel

question

False

answer

In Rigoletto, Verdi turns away from tuneful melodies to heighten the dramatic action

question

True

answer

Wagner's operas employ the supernatural as an element of drama and glorify the German land and people

question

False

answer

The focal point of Wagnerian music drama is the voice

question

The Requiem was dedicated to the memory of the poet Manzoni.

answer

Which of the following statements best characterizes Verdi's Requiem?

question

False

answer

Verdi's Requiem was intended for performance in church.

question

False

answer

The Symbolist movement began in England.

question

True

answer

Impressionist artists abandoned the grandiose subjects of Romanticism.

question

True

answer

The goal of impressionistic music is sensuousness.

question

The Manzoni Requiem

answer

Verdi's most popular non-operatic composition is

question

True

answer

Verdi is arguably the most popular opera composer of all time.

question

Die Meistersingers von Nuremburg

answer

Wagner's only comic opera was

question

True

answer

Oratorios and settings of the Mass made their way into the concert hall by the nineteenth century.

question

all of the above

answer

Wagner railed against

question

True

answer

The leading composer in the Impressionist school was Claude Debussy.

question

Felix Mendelssohn

answer

Although born to a Jewish family, this composer produced several remarkable oratorios.

question

The Ring of the Nibelung

answer

Wagner's crowning achievement was a set of 4 operas know collectively as

question

Franz Liszt

answer

Wagner eventually married the daughter of

question

music dramas

answer

Wagner's operas evolved into what he referred to as

question

true

answer

Oratorios and settings of the Mass made their way into the concert hall by the nineteenth century.

question

false

answer

Impressionistic music has no equivalent in the visual arts.

question

enigmatic scale

answer

Verdi's Ave Maria from his "Four Sacred Pieces" is based on the

question

all of the above

answer

Wagner's operas have elements of

question

nabucco

answer

The opera that first brought fame and recognition to Verdi was

question

King Ludwig II of Bavaria

answer

Wagner's most ardent supporter and patron was

question

music dramas

answer

Wagner called the art form that he developed

question

Diaghilev

answer

Which of the following was the Paris-based Russian ballet impresario who commissioned Stravinsky to write several ballets?

question

A-A-B

answer

Which of the following best describes the form of a blues text?

question

True

answer

William Grant Still moved to Los Angeles and composed music for television.

question

true

answer

Stravinsky enlarged the orchestra for The Rite of Spring by increasing the number of wind and percussion instruments.

question

true

answer

The Russian composer Igor Stravinsky lived for many years in France and eventually became a U.S. citizen.

question

Satchmo

answer

Louis Armstrong was also known as:

question

a note whose pitch drops slightly

answer

What is a bent, or "blue," note?

question

trumpet

answer

Which instrument did Louis Armstrong play?

question

false

answer

Stravinsky's ballets all achieved immediate popularity with their audiences.

question

false

answer

Stravinsky's greatest contribution to the art music of the twentieth century is thought to be his development of the twelve-tone method.

question

"Scenes of Pagan Russia"

answer

The Rite of Spring is subtitled

question

true

answer

Stravinsky lived and worked for nearly 20 years in France.

question

Louis M. Gottschalk

answer

A young man of European heritage who spent his early years in New Orleans and later wrote music that reflected his observations of the rhythmic traditional African-American music practiced there was

question

true

answer

The instrumentation of William Grant Still's Afro-American Symphony calls for tenor banjo.

question

new orleans

answer

What American city could be considered the birthplace of jazz?

question

false

answer

Stravinsky eventually settled in Canada and become a Canadian citizen

question

billie holliday

answer

The leading female vocalist of the Swing Era was

question

all of these

answer

Duke Ellington was noted as a

question

all of these

answer

_____________ was an important city in the development of jazz.

question

louis armstrong

answer

The following is regarded as the MOST influential pioneer by today's jazz trumpeters.

question

Duke Ellington

answer

Which American jazz composer was also a pianist and a master of orchestration for big bands?

question

true

answer

William Grant Still was the most important musical voice to emerge from the Harlem Renaissance.

question

false

answer

William Grant Still's Afro-American Symphony uses only traditional harmonic practice.

question

true

answer

Each movement of William Grant Still's Afro-American Symphony has an epigraph, suggesting the emotions expressed in that movement.

question

swing

answer

This form of jazz was the popular music in America during the 1930's & 1940's.

question

swing

answer

What kind of jazz is Duke Ellington known for?

question

true

answer

Stravinsky' early ballet scores, The Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring were strongly nationalistic.

question

False

answer

Because most musicals now seem dated, revivals have been largely unsuccessful.

question

False

answer

Summertime is a lively song that suggests the excitement of summer.

question

John Cage

answer

Which of the following composers invented the prepared piano?

question

Porgy and Bess

answer

George Gershwin's folk opera ___________ was far ahead of its time.

question

Alexander's Ragtime Band

answer

Irving Berlin's first hit song was:

question

4'33''

answer

Which of the following works by John Cage has no musical content and can be performed by anyone on any instrument?

question

the Javanese gamelan

answer

John Cage's Sonatas and Interludes evoke the sounds of:

question

incorporate African American blues and jazz styles into his compositions.

answer

George Gershwin is recognized as one of the first American composers to:

question

False

answer

Prior to each performance for John Cage's prepared piano, materials are inserted between the strings entirely at random.

question

complex rhythms, including polyrhythms and ostinatos.

answer

Revueltas's mature compositional style features:

question

True

answer

Aaron Copland studied with Nadia Boulanger in Paris

question

Charleston, South Carolina

answer

Porgy & Bess was set in

question

true

answer

In his piece, Black Angels, Crumb calls for a number of percussion instruments in addition to the string quartet.

question

true

answer

Copland is generally recognized as America's nationalistic composer.

question

C & D

answer

Ira Gershwin was George Gershwin's

question

musique concrete

answer

Recordings of commonplace sounds that are modified electronically and organized into an electronic composition are referred to as

question

true

answer

In his music, George Crumb explores alternative forms of notation.

question

Edgard Varese

answer

An early pioneer in the field of Experimental Music was

question

none of the above

answer

The dates for the post-modernist period are

question

the entry of the United States into WWII.

answer

Copland's "Fanfare for the Common man" was written in response to

question

Peter Sellars

answer

The librettist for Doctor Atomic is:

question

True

answer

Williams' Raiders March is in standard march form.

question

false

answer

Most Hollywood films use music to establish an overall mood, not to reflect the emotional content of a given scene.

question

true

answer

Jennifer Higdon's performance background is as a flutist.

question

the ringing of bells

answer

The term tintinnabulation refers to:

question

true

answer

Pärt's Cantate Domino canticum novum uses a psalm for its text.

question

false

answer

In film, music that can be heard by a character on the screen is called underscoring.

question

false

answer

Bob Dylan has performed his songs with guitar accompaniment throughout his career to pay homage to the tradition of folk music.

question

all of the above

answer

Which of the following characterizes the career of John Williams?

question

her brother

answer

Higdon chose the title blue cathedral as a tribute to:

question

Wagner

answer

Which nineteenth-century composer was the inspiration for unity in film music through the use of leitmotifs ?

question

true

answer

John Adams won a Pulitzer Prize for On the Transmigration of Souls.

question

the red violin

answer

Which of the following compositions by Corigliano received an Academy Award?

question

religious choral music

answer

After Arvo Pärt emigrated to the West, he devoted his compositional output to:

question

source music

answer

Music that is performed on screen and is part of the drama itself is called:

question

John Adams

answer

Who wrote the opera Nixon in China?

question

true

answer

Minimalism has been assimilated by some "nonclassical" musicians.

question

false

answer

Tintinnabulation is associated with the music of John Corigliano.

question

russian orthodox

answer

Arvo Pärt is a member of what religion?

question

all of the above

answer

Which of the following characterizes the career of John Williams?

question

the ringing of bells

answer

The term tintinnabulation refers to:

question

true

answer

Jennifer Higdon currently teaches at her Alma Mater, the Curtis Institute.

question

true

answer

Unlike many contemporary works, melody is an important element in a Jennifer Higdon composition.

question

true

answer

"Fur Alina" was one of Arvo Pärt's earliest compositions in his later minimalist style.

question

minimalism

answer

"Short Ride in a Fast Machine" by Adams is an example of what compositional style?

question

estonia

answer

Arvo Pärt was born in:

question

true

answer

Repetition is an important element of minimalism.

question

round

answer

A simple and more familiar type of canon is called

question

true

answer

Meter is an organizing principle shared by music and poetry

question

monophonic

answer

Traditional music of the Far East is largely

question

True

answer

Most large musical ensembles use a conductor in order to perform together

question

True

answer

A short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern repeated throughout a musical work is called an ostinato

question

consonant

answer

Which of the following terms describes a concordant or agreeable combination of tones

question

motive

answer

The smallest fragment of a theme that forms a melodic-rhythmic unit is called

question

false

answer

A musical form based on statement, departure, and a restatement of the first idea is called binary form

question

Sound is created when air flows through pipes controlled by the organist, Some organs have more than one keyboard, including one played by the feet The sound of an organ can be imitated by electric keyboards and synthesizers

answer

Describe the organ

question

true

answer

Ternary form is best outlined as A-B-A

question

Imitation

answer

The procedure in which a melodic idea is presented in one voice and then restated in another is called

question

true

answer

A heterophonic texture frequently occurs in music involving improvisation, such as jazz

question

bass drum

answer

Which of the following would be classified as an unpitched percussion instrument

question

The climax

answer

The striking emotional effect created by the high point in a melodic line is called

question

an upbeat

answer

When a piece of music begins on the last beat of a measure, it is said to begin with

question

adagio

answer

Which marking is appropriate for a slow tempo

question

striking or shaking:

answer

The percussion family is comprised of a variety of instruments that are made to sound by

question

False

answer

The trumpet is the lowest in pitch of the brass family

question

False

answer

The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra by Britten is based on a dance tune by Beethoven

question

True

answer

Meter is the measurement of musical time

question

heterophony

answer

A melody combined with an ornamented version of itself, often heard in jazz, produces a texture known as

question

True

answer

Harmonic movement is generated by motion toward a goal or resolution

question

True

answer

Disjunct motion describes melodies that skip in disjointed intervals

question

pizzicato

answer

The special effect produced on a string instrument by plucking the string with the finger is called

question

False

answer

The guitar is most likely of African origin

question

False

answer

Flutes and whistles are classified as idiophones

question

False

answer

Most compositions use one type of texture exclusively

question

the oboe

answer

Which of the following is a double reed instrument

question

False

answer

Forms are fixed molds into which composers force their material

question

Rock-a-bye Baby

answer

Which of the following songs is in compound meter

question

the writing of the Magna Carta

answer

Which historical event did NOT take place in the Renaissance

question

the cantor

answer

The singing leader in Jewish religious services is called

question

True

answer

A key refers to a group of related tones with a common center, a tonic, toward which the tones gravitate

question

True

answer

The Renaissance saw the growth of solo instrumental music, especially for lute and keyboard instruments

question

without any instrumental accompaniment

answer

The term a cappella refers to choral music performed_______ .

question

False

answer

The texts for madrigals are generally drawn from the fixed poetic meters

question

True

answer

The raga, or scale pattern Bhimpalasi, varies in its ascending and descending forms

question

the Virgin Mary

answer

Which religious figure is praised in the text of Hildegard's Alleluia, O virga mediatrix

question

Apollo

answer

Who is the Greek god of music?

question

False

answer

Women poet-musicians in southern France were called Minnesingers

question

True

answer

The overall form of the Kyrie to Du Fay's L'homme arme Mass is ternary, or A-B-A

question

True

answer

The upper voice parts of the Pope Marcellus Mass were sung by boy sopranos or adult males with high voices

question

True

answer

The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can cause tension in music until resolved

question

I, IV, and V

answer

The three most important triads used in diatonic harmony are

question

False

answer

The Roman Catholic Mass for the Dead is the Magnificat

question

True

answer

Instruments participated in the performance of madrigals, either by doubling or by substituting for a vocal line

question

True

answer

The raga, or scale pattern Bhimpalasi, varies in its ascending and descending forms

question

Palestrina

answer

Which composer responded to the reforms of the Council of Trent in an exemplary fashion

question

False

answer

Renaissance painters preferred symbolism to realism

question

the Mass

answer

The service in the Roman Catholic Church that symbolically reenacts the sacrifice of Christ is

question

a cappella performance

answer

what does NOT describe Gabrieli's O quam suavis:

question

the building of great cathedrals,the founding of universities, and the rise of the bourgeoisie

answer

The High Middle Ages witnessed

question

visions that foretold the future, founding her own convent and writing religious poetry

answer

In addition to composing music, Hildegard of Bingen is known for:

question

True

answer

The value we place on music today is part of our ancient heritage

question

the madrigal

answer

The vivid depiction of the text through music, known as word painting, is a hallmark of

question

True

answer

Although feudal society was male-dominated, the status of women was raised by prevailing attitudes of chivalry and devotion to the cult of the Virgin Mary

question

careful musical pictorialization of specific images

answer

Which of the following characterizes Monteverdi's madrigal Ecco mormorar l'onde

question

devotional services

answer

Which was NOT a function of secular music in medieval court life

question

True

answer

Claudio Monteverdi's career spanned both the Renaissance and Baroque periods

question

True

answer

A key refers to a group of related tones with a common center, a tonic, toward which the tones gravitate

question

True

answer

The dominant is an example of an active chord, which can cause tension in music until resolved

question

False

answer

A sharp will lower the tone by a half step

question

Western art music

answer

Which of the following does NOT make frequent use of pentatonic scales

question

True

answer

Mout me fu grief/Robin m'aime/Portare has three voices, each with the same text

question

This was known as: the Counter-Reformation

answer

After the Protestant revolt of the early sixteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church responded with a movement to recapture the loyalty of its people

question

ronde

answer

Which of the following was a lively circle or line dance, often performed outdoors

question

twelve

answer

In Western music, the octave is divided into how many equal intervals

question

St: Mark's of Venice

answer

During the late sixteenth century, the principal center for polychoral singing was

question

False

answer

Secular music in the Renaissance was performed only by professional musicians

question

It has a lowered third degree

answer

What characterizes the minor scale

question

False

answer

A setting of plainchant with many notes per syllable is called syllabic

question

thinking centered on human issues and individuality, inspiration from the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome, and independence from traditional and religion

answer

What characterizes humanism

question

True

answer

Instruments participated in the performance of madrigals, either by doubling or by substituting for a vocal line

question

Greek mythology

answer

The earliest operas took their plots from

question

True

answer

The overall form of the Kyrie to Du Fay's L'homme arme Mass is ternary, or A-B-A

question

Frederick the Great:

answer

Bach wrote his Musical Offering for

question

True

answer

Dido's lament from Purcell's Dido and Aeneus is a da capo aria

question

False

answer

The three main keyboard instruments of the Baroque were the harpsichord, organ, and piano

question

True

answer

The libretoo for Handel's oratorio Messiah is a compilation of verses from the Bible

question

False

answer

Bach completed just over one hundred cantatas in his lifetime

question

True

answer

The French rondeau led directly to the rondo of the eighteenth century

question

True

answer

The Renaissance saw the growth of solo instrumental music, especially for lute and keyboard instruments

question

sonata da camera

answer

What Baroque genre was the direct ancestor of the symphony

question

St: Mark's of Venice

answer

During the late sixteenth century, the principal center for polychoral singing was

question

Gluck

answer

Which of the following is noted as a reformer of eighteenth-century opera

question

1600-1750

answer

The approximate dates of the Baroque period are

question

elaborate scenery

answer

Which does NOT characterize an oratorio

question

True

answer

The expansion and reworking of a theme within a composition is called thematic development

question

the sarabande

answer

All of the following are fast, lively dance types EXCEPT

question

True

answer

Religion remained a driving force behind power struggles in the Baroque era

question

False

answer

Johann Sebastian Bach lived a short, unhappy life and had no children

question

a fuging tune

answer

An early American polyphonic setting of a psalm or hymn in an imitative style is called

question

True

answer

The upper voice parts of the Pope Marcellus Mass were sung by boy sopranos or adult males with high voices

question

True

answer

In earlier times, a composer's choice of key for a piece depended largely on the capabilities of the instruments for which it was intended

question

Venice

answer

Vivaldi lived and worked in

question

True

answer

Bach's passions are musical setting of the account of the Crucifixion by one of the four Evangelists

question

True

answer

As a reaction to the grandiose gesture of the Baroque, the Rococo style was a miniature and ornate art aimed at enchantment of the senses

question

it usually has two keyboards, rather than one, its strings are plucked rather than struck, it is not capable of a wide dynamic range

answer

The harpsichord is different from the piano because

question

True

answer

During the Baroque era, some boy singers were castrated to preserve the high register of their voices, allowing them to sing high-pitched operatic roles

question

True

answer

The term trio sonata refers to the number of parts, or musical lines, rather than the number of players

question

False

answer

Jean-Joseph Mouret died a celebrated, wealthy artistic hero

question

motives

answer

A theme may be fragmented by dividing it into smaller units called_____

question

the oratorio

answer

Late in life, Handel turned his efforts from opera to

question

Florentine Camerata

answer

It was through the musical innovations of the __________ that opera was born

question

Palestrina

answer

Which composer responded to the reforms of the Council of Trent in an exemplary fashion

question

The Florentine Camerata

answer

The group of early Baroque writers, artists, and musicians whose aim was to resurrect the musical drama of ancient Greece was known as

question

False

answer

Secular music in the Renaissance was performed only by professional musicians

question

True

answer

Claudio Monteverdi's career spanned both the Renaissance and Baroque periods

question

True

answer

In the Baroque era, music centered on frequent changes of mood

question

as servants to royalty or nobility, as members of the church, and as employees of a free city

answer

Which best describes how Baroque musicians made a living

question

cello and harpsichord

answer

Which two instruments would most likely have played the basso continuo in the Baroque era

question

False

answer

A fugue is a form exclusively for solo keyboard performance

question

Messiah

answer

What is NOT a major choral work by Bach

question

False

answer

The Baroque era was an age of political freedom and democracy

question

True

answer

A sinfonia is a short instrumental passage that facilitates scene changes

question

True

answer

In London, Handel composed operas in Italian

question

False

answer

In opera, the lyric melodies that release emotional tension are called recitatives

question

a ground bass

answer

A short phrase repeated over and over in the bass is called

question

one-movement binary form

answer

What is the typical form of a Scarlatti sonata

question

a fugal chorale

answer

The opening movement of Bach's cantata A Mighty Fortress Is Our God is best described as

question

2: False

answer

The orchestra plays a prominent role in the second movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No

question

A-B-B-A, with ground bass

answer

Which best describes the form of the final love duet in The Coronation of Poppea

question

False

answer

The French overture is composed in three sections

question

binary

answer

What is the form of the individual movements in a suite

question

True

answer

Barbara Strozzi was probably trained as a courtesan, in singing, lute playing, and writing poetry

question

They avoid ritornello form

answer

What does NOT characterize Vivaldi's concertos The Four Seasons

question

True

answer

While playing the basso continuo, musicians in the Baroque era improvised on the figured bass

question

True

answer

The chaconne is a variation form based on a repeated succession of harmonies

question

True

answer

The role of the chorus was especially important in the oratorio

question

False

answer

The Roman Catholic Mass for the Dead is the Magnificat

question

a girls' school production in Chelsy:

answer

Purcell's opera, Dido and Aeneus, was composed for

question

True

answer

Corelli's trio sonatas served as models for the establishment of the church and chamber sonata

question

episodes

answer

In a fugue, the areas of relaxation where the subject is not heard are called

question

False

answer

The only basic rule of theme and variations form is that the theme must always be easily heard

question

the piano:

answer

The instrument which Mozart played and for which he wrote many concertos was

question

True

answer

The American Declaration of Independence reflects the intellectual climate of the Classical era

question

the most gifted child prodigy in the history of music

answer

Mozart is remembered today as________

question

sonata-allegro

answer

Which best describes the form of the first movement of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik

question

True

answer

In the nineteenth-century symphony, the minuet was often replaced by the scherzo

question

True

answer

The classical attitude toward art is considerably more objective than the Romantic

question

helps with solving math problems

answer

Modern scientists have shown that listening to Mozart

question

a motive

answer

The famous four-note figure at the beginning of Beethoven's Symphony No 5 is best described as

question

False

answer

Ancient people (the Greeks and Romans, especially) believed that music had no effect on the body

question

2 violins, viola, and cello

answer

A string quartet consists of

question

recapitulation

answer

The three main sections of sonata-allegro form are the exposition, development, and

question

True

answer

The Classical string quartet literature follows the same basic formal design as the symphony and sonata

question

a march-like character

answer

What best describes the opening of the first movement of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik

question

True

answer

Romantic elements can be found in the late works of Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven

question

the development

answer

In sonata-allegro form, the section that features the most tension and drama through modulation and motivic interplay is called

question

False

answer

Mozart was consistently supported by Vienna's most important patrons

question

False

answer

The harmony of the Classical-era composers was largely chromatic

question

True

answer

The term multimovement cycle is applied not only to sonatas and chamber music but also to concertos and symphonies

question

True

answer

The percussion section of a modern orchestra includes a number of instruments of Turkish origin

question

a double exposition

answer

The first movement of a Classical concerto features sonata-allegro form with

question

True

answer

In the first movement of a Classical concerto, there is usually a double exposition

question

False

answer

Beethoven, like Mozart, wrote music very quickly and with great ease

question

True

answer

Mozart's Symphony No 40 in G minor can be viewed as Romantic in spirit

question

False

answer

Beethoven opposed democracy in favor of the rule of a strong leader

question

minuet and trio form

answer

The third movement of a Classical symphony is most frequently in

question

three

answer

How many movements were typical of pre-Classical symphonies

question

True

answer

In Haydn's time, the trumpet had not yet advanced beyond the natural form of the instrument with no valves

question

True

answer

In Haydn's The Creation, the soloists include three archangels Gabriel, Uriel, and Raphael

question

the poet Rellstab shortly after the composer's death

answer

Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op27, No: 2, was subtitled "Moonlight" by______

question

It is the basis of a theme and variations movement

answer

How is the melody of Schubert's Lied The Trout used in the quintet of the same name

question

trombone

answer

The __________ accompanies the baritone voice in the Tuba mirum section of Mozart's Requiem

question

False

answer

A trouser role is sung by a man in eighteenth-century opera

question

True

answer

The Trumpet Concerto in E-flat major, composed in 1796, was Haydn's last orchestral work

question

9

answer

Turkish percussion instruments can be heard in Beethoven's Symphony No_____

question

True

answer

Mozart's Requiem was sung in a worldwide memorial for the victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States

question

Cherubino

answer

Which character in Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is best described as a young, innocent man who is in love with love

question

Prince Esterhazy

answer

Who was Haydn's principal patron

question

Handel

answer

The music of which composer inspired Haydn to write an oratorio

question

False

answer

In the Classical era, the sonata was intended for professional musicians only

question

False

answer

Haydn's orchestras in London were smaller than his earlier ensembles

question

True

answer

The career of Joseph Haydn spanned the years from the formation of the Classical style to the beginning of Romanticism

question

a Turkish military ensemble

answer

The Janissary band was

question

True

answer

Mozart wrote his piano concertos primarily for his own public performances

question

Schiller

answer

The text of the Ode to Joy, set as the finale of Beethoven's Symphony No 9, is by

question

Turkey

answer

The last movement of Mozart's Sonata in A major, K 331, is inspired by music from which country

question

False

answer

The first movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto in G major, K 453, is monothematic

question

woman virtuoso pianist, student of Mozart, blind since birth

answer

Of the following, which characterizes Maria Theresa Paradis

question

True

answer

Unlike Mozart, Beethoven used sketchbooks to work out musical ideas

question

Lorenzo da Ponte

answer

Mozart's librettist for The Marriage of Figaro was

question

composes a dramatic C-minor overture

answer

In depicting "Chaos" at the beginning of The Creation, Haydn

question

the French Revolution

answer

Beethoven belonged to a generation of artists who were influenced by the full impact of:

question

three

answer

Beethoven's famous Moonlight Sonata has _______ movements

question

These are known as: rocket themes

answer

The early Classical symphony was characterized by quickly ascending themes with a strong rhythmic drive

question

False

answer

In the nineteenth century, the Mass was performed only in church

question

sonata-allegro form

answer

The first movement of a symphony is usually in

question

opera seria

answer

During the Classical era, the prevalent form of opera that occupied itself mainly with the affairs of nobility and Greek legends was

question

the cadenza

answer

A typical feature of a concerto is a free solo passage without orchestral accompaniment called

question

True

answer

Comic opera was generally in the language of the audience or in the vernacular

question

True

answer

Beethoven and Mozart wrote duo sonatas that treated the two instruments as nearly equal partners

question

sonata

answer

What is the form of the last movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto in G major, K 453

question

True

answer

The fourth movement of a Classical symphony is usually quicker and lighter than the first movement

question

Wellington's victory over Napoleon:

answer

Beethoven's Battle Symphony pays tribute to

question

There is no break between the third and fourth movements

answer

What is unusual about Beethoven's Symphony No 5

question

True

answer

The text for the Dies irae is a poem in 3-line rhymed verses

question

recitative

answer

Rapid-fire, talky singing whose primary function is to advance the plot in an opera is called

question

False

answer

The terzetta, or trio, from Act I of The Marriage of Figaro is in rondo form

question

False

answer

Opera buffa was typically serious in tone, with plots dealing with historical or legendary figures

question

False

answer

In the Classical concerto, the marking of andante or adagio would most likely apply to the third movement

question

cyclical form

answer

Using material from an earlier movement in a symphony is called

question

False

answer

Schubert set his Trout Quintet in the standard four-movement structure

question

is a modified song form

answer

The form of the first movement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op 27, No 2

question

True

answer

In the latter part of the eighteenth century, new opera types were devised that featured naturalness and simplicity

question

True

answer

Beethoven achieved much acclaim during his lifetime and died a famous and revered composer

question

False

answer

The establishment of a four-movement cycle for the symphony is generally credited to the London school of composers

question

False

answer

The sonata is an instrumental work in one movement for one or two solo instruments

question

False

answer

Beethoven was unable to compose music after he became deaf

question

Guillaume Du Fay

answer

Who wrote Kyrie," from the L'homme Armé Mass

question

1397

answer

What year was Guillaume Du Fay born

question

1474

answer

What year did Du Fay die

question

This movement, which is the opening movement of the mass, is divided into three sections based on the text. Each section begins with 3 of the 4 voice parts; the tenor joins later and has the slower moving fixed tune (cantus firmus)

answer

What is the significance of Kyrie

question

"fixed melody", usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian chant that served as the structural basis for a polyphonic composition, particularly in the Renaissance

answer

cantus firmus

question

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

answer

Who wrote "Gloria," from Pope Marcellus Mass

question

1525

answer

What year was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina born

question

1594

answer

What year did Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina die

question

Monophonic chant opening, Changes of density and texture set in various registers, A cappella performance, Clearly audible text set syllabically, Alternation of homorhythmic and polyphonic textures, Full, consonant harmony

answer

What is the significance of Gloria

question

all parts sing different notes or rhythms at the same time

answer

polyphonic

question

single melodic line without supporting harmonies

answer

monophonic

question

where all the voices move in the same rythm

answer

homorythmic

question

John Farmer

answer

Who wrote Fair Phyllis

question

fl 1591

answer

What year was John Farmer born

question

1601

answer

What year did John Farmer die

question

Johann Sebastian Bach

answer

Who wrote A Mighty Fortress is our God or Ein Feste Burg ist Unser Gott

question

1685

answer

What year was Bach born

question

1750

answer

What year did Bach die

question

imitative treatment of the familiar tune in all voice parts and in the trumpets. Dense polyphonic texture created between chorus and orchestra for each line of text, Canon on chorale tune heard in the instruments , played in augmentation

answer

What is significance of Ein Feste Burg ist Unser Gott

question

Same sequence as someone else but one beat after.

answer

Cannon

question

the statement of a theme in notes of greater duration (usually twice the length of the original)

answer

Augmentation

question

Antonio Vivaldi

answer

Who wrote "Spring" from the Four Seasons

question

1678

answer

What year was Antonio Vivaldi born

question

1741

answer

What year did Antonio Vivaldi die

question

Musical pictorialization of images of spring, based on the poem, Virtuosity of solo violin part, with fast-running scales and trills. Recurring theme

answer

What is the significance of Spring from the four seassons

question

short recurring instrumental passage found in both the aria and the Baroque concerto

answer

ritornello

question

a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it

answer

trill

question

George Frideric Handel

answer

Who wrote Water Music in D Major

question

1685

answer

What year was Handel born

question

1759

answer

What year did Handel die

question

tenary form, section with dotted rhythms, followed by a return of the opening material, Fanfare-like opening with quick exchanges between brass and strings. Percussion (timpani) added to orchestra.

answer

What is significant about Spring from The Four Seasons

question

3 part form. The piece divides into 3 parts of which the 3rd is an exact repeat, or almost so, of the first part

answer

ternary form:

question

a musical form consisting of two units (A and B) constructed to balance and complement each other

answer

binary form

question

a short lively tune played on brass instruments

answer

fanfare

question

Joseph Haydn

answer

Who wrote String Quartet in D minor, Op. 76, No. 2 Quinten), Fourth Movement

question

1732

answer

What year was Joseph Haydn born

question

1809

answer

What year did Hayden die

question

Folklike character, with strongly syncopated dance rhythms, Opening theme introduced by first violin, stated in 2 parts, each repeated (A-A-B-B), First violin dominates the melody throughout, Shift from opening minor key (D minor) to brighter, major key (D major)

answer

What is the significance of String Quartet in D minor, Op. 76, No. 2 Quinten), Fourth Movement

question

a piece of music based in the minor scale, with a sad or haunting sound

answer

minor key

question

a piece of music based in the major scale, Scale built on thee formula of two whole steps, one half step, three whole steps, one half step.

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major key

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temporary irregularity in musical rhythm

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syncopation

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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Who wrote Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music

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1756

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What year was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born

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1791

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What year did Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart die

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Sonata-Allegro form, Intimate string chamber music style. Quick-paced movement with 3 themes, sonata-allegro form Overall homophonic texture. First theme is disjunt, marchlike, and ascends quickly (rocket theme); second theme, graceful and conjunct.

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What is the significance of Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music)

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Classical period, dramatic musical form involving exposition, development, and recapitulation, with optional introduction and coda

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Sonata Allegro

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quickly ascending rhythmic melody used in Classical-era instrumental music; the technique is credited to the composers in Mannheim, Germany

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Rocket theme

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musical texture which focuses on a single melody with accompaning harmonies (mainly chordal)

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Homophonic

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progressing melodically by intervals larger than a major second

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Disjunct

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melody that moves in stepwise motion without major skips and leaps between the intervals, Smooth, connected melody that moves principally in stepwise motion,

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Conjunct

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the highness or lowness of a particular sound

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pitch

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number of vibrations per second.

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Frequency

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volume or loudness of sound

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Amplitude

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the tune in music, a sequence of moving pitches that create thought

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Melody

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span of pitches

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Range

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general shape of a melody.

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Contours

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distances between any two pitches of a melody.

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Intervals

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a unit that makes up a melody

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Phrase

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a melody accompanied by a second melody

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Counter melody

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the point where the musician takes a deep breath, the punctuation for music.

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Cadence

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the movement of music in time.

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Rhythm

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the basic unit of rhythm.

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Beat

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first beat of any patter

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downbeat

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the last beat of a measure

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upbeat

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a weak beat

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offbeat

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the organized pattern of rhythmic pulses

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meter

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a simple marching meter (left-right-left-right)

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Duple meter

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a simple meter that has three beats to a measure and is often used for waltzes

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Triple meter

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a simple that has four beats to a measure with the primary accent on first beat and second strongest on the third

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Quadruple Meter

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a meter where the beat is divided into three

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Compound meters

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what marks of meter, contains a fixed number of beats

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Measure

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a term used to describe simultaneous events in music, also the movement of one chord to the next

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Harmony

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three or more notes all sound together at once.

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Chord

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interval of eight notes

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Octave

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group of eight pitches arranged in ascending and descending order

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Scale

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a combination of three notes or tones

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Triad

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the first note of a scale or key, also called a keynote

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tonic note

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a combination of tones that are dcordant

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Dsonance

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a combination of tones that need to be resolved

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Dcordant

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The resolving of dsonance, notes are pleasing to the ears

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Consonance

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the sustained sounding of one or more tones for harmonic support, common in Asian and folk music

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Drone

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the combination of two or more simultaneous melodic lines

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Counterpoint

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melody repeated with each stanza

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strophic form

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solemn or very, very slow.

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Grave

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broad or very slow

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Largo

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quite slow.

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Adagio

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a walking pace.

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Andante

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of course moderate.

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Moderato

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a fast or cheerful pace.

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Allegro

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a lively pace.

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Vivace

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very fast.

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Presto

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very.

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Molto

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less.

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Meno

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a little.

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Poco

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not too much

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Non troppo

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very soft.

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Piansimo (pp

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very soft

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Piano (p)

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moderately soft

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Mezzo piano(mp)

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loud

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Forte(ff)

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moderately loud.

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Mezzo forte(mf)

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a very loud piece of music.

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Fortsimo(ff)

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to accent a single note or cord

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Sforzando

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instruments that produce sound by using air., horns, bagpipes, whistles and accordions.

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Aerophones:

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produce sound from vibrating sting that is stretched between two separate points, Violins, sitars, guitars, harps and Chinese yangquins

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Chordophones:

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instrument that produces sound by vibration of materials they are made of

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Idiophone

question

instrument that makes sound when its stretched membrane is struck or rubbed

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Membranophone

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