MTLE Pedagogy II – Flashcards
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what types of learning are associated with the left and right brain?
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left - aural right - visual
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how often must IEPs be renewed?
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every year
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what are five components of active listening?
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encouraging re-stating reflecting summarizing asking questions
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where and when was the first kindergarten established?
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in Germany in 1837
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what is Section 504? what is it part of, and what does it do?
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from the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, prevents discrimination against disabled individuals
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what is reflective practice? what are two ways to go about it?
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treating oneself as an ongoing learner. two good ways to do this are colleague observations and a reflective portfolio
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what is the best way to measure student behavior?
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document the duration of each behavior
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what determines planning the scope for the year?
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the TOPICS to be studied. the sequence is already determined, and will be broken into units after topics are chosen.
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what are the pieces of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - in order?
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PHYSIOLOGICAL SAFETY LOVE/BELONGING ESTEEM SELF-ACTUALIZATION
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what are some of the goals of assessing prior knowledge?
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(1) identify student misconceptions (2) determine the level of student understanding (3) find what students found interesting / important in the past
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Erikson: what stage is associated with trust/mistrust?
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infancy
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Erikson: what stage is early toddlerhood?
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autonomy/shame
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Erikson: what stage is initiative/guilt?
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late toddlerhood
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Erikson: what stage is industry/inferiority?
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age 5-12
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Erikson: what stage is ego identity/ role confusion?
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12-18
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what is syntax?
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the use of grammatically correct language
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what is direct instruction? what is another name for it? who came up with it?
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explicit teaching using lectures or demos (as opposed to inquiry) also called the "teaching approach" developed by Madeline Hunter
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what is the best way to write checklist objectives?
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satisfactory/unsatisfactory
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what is the first stage of Kohlberg's moral development? what age and what characteristics?
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PRE CONVENTIONAL infancy: obedience & punishment pre school: self interest
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what is the second stage of Kohlberg's moral development? what age and what characteristics?
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CONVENTIONAL school age: conformity & interpersonal accord school age: authority & social order
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what is the third stage of Kohlberg's moral development? what age and what characteristics?
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POST CONVENTIONAL teens: social contract adulthood: universal principles
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Merrikan vs Cressan
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established family rights to privacy
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what are the stages of Webb's Depth of Knowledge?
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recall & reproduction skills & concepts strategic thinking extended thinking
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to which students does IDEA pertain?
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those with disabilities that require special education services
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what learning activity would not require teacher guidance?
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independent practice
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what groups are compared via stanines?
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students in the same grade
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what five domains are indicated by SPICE?
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social physical intellectual creative emotional
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reliability vs validity
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reliable = consistent valid = measures what it was intended to
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how did NCLB affect how funding is dispersed?
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reduced red tape at FEDERAL, STATE, and LOCAL levels to allow flexibility in spending federal funds
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what is the standard deviation in a t-score?
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10
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homogenous grouping, and why is it useful?
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organized by skill level - can aid students with special needs as well as gifted students
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the Morrill Act of 1862
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education in home ec, mechanical arts, agriculture, other "practical professions"
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formative tests
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ongoing learning
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Thorndike's law
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law of effect between stimuli and behavior
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what is NASET and what do they publish?
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Nat Assoc for Special Ed Teachers. they publish "the Practical Teacher" once a month
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the Little Albert Experiment
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showed that conditioning could get a child to fear a rat
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Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education (seven pieces)
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health fundamental processes: reading, writing, speaking, math home membership vocation civics worthy use of leisure ethical behavior
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what behavior is exhibited by neglected children?
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they tend to be withdrawn
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at what age do students begin to reproduce shapes, letters, & numbers?
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age 5
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cognitive structuring
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helping organize information - this is a form of scaffolding
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what is one way to aid students with motor skill developmental delays?
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oversized pencils
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intellectual freedom is comprised of what two elements?
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freedom of thought freedom of expression of thought
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when is due process suspended for students?
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if they pose a threat
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Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
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COMPONENTIAL (analytical) EXPERIENTIAL (creative) PRACTICAL (contextual)
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what state was the first to mandate compulsory attendance for children 8-14?
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Massachusetts
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what is constructivism? who thought of it?
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Piaget people learn based partly on their own prior experience, and partly on their own ideas
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how should one evaluate during self-reference?
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relying upon one's own past work
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what is self regulation?
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the ability to control one's own learning process, based on how feedback is interpreted
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what is curriculum compacting? whom does it benefit?
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reduces the number of activities/examples/lessons for advanced students if the teacher sees that they are capable of moving on
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what is curriculum chunking? whom does it benefit?
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breaking a unit of study into smaller pieces to provide support for students who need extra support
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what is a cloze procedure? what would indicate independent reading?
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this procedure determines reading skill level - the reader has to fill in blanks in the sentence 58-100% indicates independent reading
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what is semantics?
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the correct use of words
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NMSA
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National Middle School Association
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crystallized intelligence
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being able to USE information and facts this means accessing long-term memory
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what are two ways to aid crystallized intelligence?
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mentorship vocabulary development
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what can help if you're making a parent contact log?
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anecdotal records
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how can one help non-linguistic learners?
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visual representations such as a cause-&-effect map
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name three ways that experiential learning is reinforced in the student
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learning is based on experience & active engagement from the student - results are personal SYNTHESIS, CRITICAL ANALYSIS, and REFLECTION
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when should rote memorization be assessed?
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after a few minutes
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what is the role of the superintendent?
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to free teachers from administrative duties & provide leadership
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the Yale Report of 1828 - three elements
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church/state higher education college/university education classical curriculum/electives
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diagnostic assessment
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occurs BEFORE learning, to help teachers understand the current levels of knowledge
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formative assessment
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happens DURING the learning process, for ongoing evaluation of reaching learning goals. little or no point value.
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summative assessment
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happens at THE END of learning and evaluates how much students have learned. high stakes compared to the other assessments
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Carol Gilligan
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addressed gender bias in Kohlberg's moral theory
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difference between alternative & traditional assessments
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alternative assessments provide a view of process and product, not just product
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multiple-choice outcome?
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if each alternative is chosen by at least one student, then the question will be answered correctly by no more than 90% of students
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what are some elements of scaffolding that the teacher must provide?
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direction, purpose, sources, rubrics, tasks
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due process
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gives students rights, including notice of meetings & impartial hearings
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mastery learning - what are four characteristics?
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teacher-centered can be group-based focused on mastering SKILLS does not need to be 100%
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DUPE problem solving
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Define the problem Understand the facets Plan a solution Evaluate outcomes
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in suspected child abuse, who should be contacted first?
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the school psychologist
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four things taken into account for LRE
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the benefit of a regular class vs benefit of SE benefits of interacting with nondisabled students the cost the impact of the disabled student on the teacher & other students
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Public Law 94-142
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ensures free & appropriate education for handicapped students aged 3-21
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fair use doctrine
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copyrighted material can be used in the classroom, but must only be for students, without more copies than there are students in the class
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privacy vs confidentiality
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privacy: an individual's ability to decide when, how, & whether personal info should be revealed confidentiality: an ethical decision to reveal something learned in a professional relationship
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the Committee of Ten
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1892 recommended (1) english, classical, latin-scientific, & modern language (2) 8 years elem ed, 4 years secondary
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how should one respond to an ELL making a pronunciation error?
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allow the mistake so as to be supportive
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what is the goal of a formative assessment?
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to improve STUDENT performance!
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what teacher's union is associated with the AFL-CIO?
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the AFT - American Federation of Teachers
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what is the range & mean of T scores?
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range from 20-80 mean 50
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what is the best way to ensure validity?
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content
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what is the biggest part of interactive learning?
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participation in active conversations
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what do gifted students require directed education for? why?
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research & study skills, in order to enable more independent work
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cognitive constructivism
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constructing understanding based on SOCIAL interaction
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self esteem
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a student's beliefs about himself
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self efficacy
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a student's confidence in his ability to cope with challenges
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self respect
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believing that one can be happy, loved, & successful
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self-knowledge
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understanding one's own strengths & weaknesses realistically
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probing, and who does it help most?
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rephrasing the question & restating ideas best for low-achieving students
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Diana vs State Board of Ed
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assessments must be administered in a student's native language
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chunking
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grouping information into smaller units - helps info stay in short term memory
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perception
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applying sensory info to motor activity
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procedure vs routine
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procedure: tasks always being done the same way (i.e. raising hands) routine: always doing tasks at the same time
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New Taxonomy Level 1
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Retrieval recall, remember
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New Taxonomy Level 2
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Comprehension articulate, represent
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New Taxonomy Level 3
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Analysis infer, reason, compare
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New Taxonomy Level 4
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Knowledge Utilization use in a real-world task
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children who are being abused may act...
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angry, unruly, or belligerent
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how many domains of childhood development are there? what are they?
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Four: Physical Cognitive Language Social
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when is it OK to redirect a question to another student after a wrong answer?
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high-achieving students are more comfortable answering incorrectly
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what is the best way to help teach & establish classroom routines?
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rewards
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four examples of direct instruction?
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drill & practice lecture compare & contrast didactic questions
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positive & negative instances
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positive instances are examples of a concept negative examples are non-examples of a concept
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John B. Watson emphasized the importance of ??? in the learning process
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frequent stimuli practice
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who determines the extent of students' free speech, and whether it is disruptive or OK?
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the school board
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substantive due process (what 2 amendments?)
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protects rights from govt interference, according to the 5th and 14th amendments
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procedural due process
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when the govt deprives a person of rights, the person must be given notice & the opportunity to be heard
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what act did NCLB reform and reauthorize?
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ESEA - Elem & Secondary Education Act
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Zone of Proximal Development
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social interaction influences cognitive development - students learn best when a more capable adult/peer teaches in a social context
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SQ3R
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Survey Question Read Recite Review
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what is deductive reasoning? what is another name for it?
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Top-down approach; working with lots of general info and then getting specific
