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ACUTE GRIEF

answer

The intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant.

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ADAPTATION

answer

The individual's ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other person.

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AFFECT

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Feelings and their expression.

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AGGRESSION

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The intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another.

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A.I.D.S.

answer

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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ALARM

answer

Fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger created by the impact of the shock.

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ALIENATION

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In grief the inability of the individual to adjust to life without the presence of the deceased member; a feeling of loss of significance in the world; The state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable or unacceptable; not feeling in control and not feeling a part of a situation; this often results in a lack of self-realization and a feeling of powerlessness and hopelessness

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ALTERNATIVES

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Providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements; formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis.

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ALTRUISTIC SUICIDE

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Overly integrated into society and willing to die for the group

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ANGER

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Blame directed toward another person.

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ANOMIC GRIEF

answer

A term to describe the experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience; typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through medical control of disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead.

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ANOMIC SUICIDE

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Results from a lack of regulation of the individual when the norms governing existence no longer control that individual

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ANTICIPATORY GRIEF

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A syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss; the actual death comes as an affirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition; Grief work aimed at loosening the bonds of attachment to the dying, making loss less painful when it occurs.

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ANXIETY

answer

A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undesirable is going to happen.

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AT-NEED COUNSELING

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A death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice.

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ATTACHMENT THEORY

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(Bowlby) The tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety; attachment occurs in the absence of the reinforcement of drives for food and sex and provides a way to understand the strong emotional reaction that occurs when these bonds are threatened or broken.

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ATTENDING (LISTENING)

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Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior.

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BEREAVEMENT

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The experience of the emotion of grief; The act of separation or loss that results in the experience of grief; The condition arising from an event producing acute deprivation due to loss of someone or something in which emotional capital has been invested.

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CEREMONY

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A formal or symbolic act or observance that may or may not have symbolic content

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CHILDHOOD BEREAVEMENT

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The temporary role of children who are adjusting to the death of one or both parents. Bereavement is a social process of mourning where personal expressions of grief are socially defined and responded to by others in ways that may exclude a grieving child.

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CLIENT-CENTERED COUNSELING

answer

(NON-DIRECTIVE; ROGERIAN; PERSON-CENTERED COUNSELING) A phrase coined by Carl Rogers to refer to that type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without any notion of surrendering his own responsibility for the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for growth and health.

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COGNITIVE

answer

From the Latin, "to know", the study of the origins and consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes

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COMMITTAL SERVICE

answer

The rite of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment or burial at sea.

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COMMUNICATIONS

answer

A general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non-verbal aspects of this interchange

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COMPULSIVE

answer

Unwanted acts; repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly.

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COMPLICATED GRIEF (UNRESOLVED, CHRONIC)

answer

Grief extending over a long period of time without resolution

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CONGRUENCE

answer

According to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and with others' perception of oneself

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COPING

answer

Characteristic ways of responding to stress

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COUNSELEE

answer

The individual seeking assistance or guidance

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COUNSELING (JACKSON)

answer

Counseling occurs anytime someone helps someone else with a problem.

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COUNSELING (OHLSEN)

answer

A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy persons; do not confuse this with psychotherapy which is treatment for emotionally disturbed persons, who seek, or are referred for assistance with pathological problems. A counselor's clients are encouraged to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or characterological disorders.

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COUNSELING (ROGERS)

answer

Good communication within and between men; or, good (free) communication within or between men is always therapeutic.

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COUNSELING (WEBSTER)

answer

Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation.

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COUNSELOR

answer

The individual providing assistance and guidance for the one seeking a better adjustment to a problem

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CRISIS

answer

A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual's feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair his or her ability to act.

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CRISIS COUNSELING

answer

Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic normal manner. Intentional responses which help individuals in a crisis situation

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DEATH ANXIETY

answer

A learned emotional response to death-related phenomena which is characterized by extreme apprehension; Used synonymously with death fear.

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DELAYED GRIEF REACTION

answer

Inhibited, suppressed or postponed response to a loss.

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DENIAL

answer

A protective coping mechanism characterized by an inability to perceive external reality. The defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self (ego); a defense mechanism, closely related to repression, in which the individual simply denies the existence of the events that have aroused anxiety.

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DEPENDENCY

answer

a form of behavior which suggests an inability to make decisions

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DIRECTIVE COUNSELING

answer

The counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc.

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DISENFRANCHISED GRIEF

answer

Grief that cannot be openly acknowledged, socially sanctioned and publicly shared

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DISORDER

answer

an abnormality of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress; current term for neurosis

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DISPLACED AGGRESSION

answer

A defense mechanism in which anger is re-directed toward a person or object other than the one who provoked the anger originally

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DISPLACEMENT

answer

Redirection of emotion to other targets

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DSM

answer

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association; latest revision is DSM IV TR published in 2000

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DYAD

answer

Two units regarded as a pair; for example, husband and wife.

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EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS

answer

An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety.

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EGOISTIC SUICIDE

answer

Occurs when the person is inadequately integrated into the society

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EMOTION

answer

The outward expression or display of mood or feeling states

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EMOTIONS

answer

Feelings such as happiness, anger or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes

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EMPATHY

answer

The ability to enter into and share the feelings of others; A basic level of empathy is a counselor's capacity to understand the subjective world of the client and communicating this deep understanding to the client (Carl Rogers)

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EUPHEMISM

answer

A word or phrase that is considered less distasteful than other words or phrases

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EUTHANASIA (RIGHT TO DIE)

answer

A means for producing a gentle and easy death; literally "the good death"; an act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from a life-limiting condition

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EXAGGERATED GRIEF (WORDEN)

answer

Persons are usually conscious of the relationship of the reaction to the death, but the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling.

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FACILITATE

answer

To assist understanding of the circumstances or situations the individual is experiencing, and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary.

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FATALISTIC SUICIDE

answer

Too much control over a person by society may lead to feelings of oppression under extremely strict rules

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FEAR

answer

Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread and disquieting.

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FEELINGS

answer

Pleasant or unpleasant experiences occurring when an individual is awake and conscious

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FOCUSING

answer

Centering a client's thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem.

question

FRUSTRATION

answer

The state of being prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted; the blocking of motive satisfaction by some kind of obstacle.

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FUNERAL RITE

answer

An organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered and time-limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity and respect.

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FUNERAL SERVICE PSYCHOLOGY

answer

The study of human behavior as related to funeral service.

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GENUINENESS

answer

The ability to present one's self sincerely.

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GOALS

answer

objectives or adjustments to be achieved

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GRIEF

answer

A state defined by Webster as "intense emotional suffering caused by loss"; an emotion or set of emotions due to a loss that is involved in the work of mourning

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GRIEF COUNSELING

answer

Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame.

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GRIEF SYNDROME (LINDEMANN)

answer

A set of symptoms associated with loss.

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GRIEF THERAPY (WORDEN)

answer

Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions.

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GRIEF WORK (LINDEMANN)

answer

A process occurring with loss aimed at loosening the attachment to the dead for reinvestment in the living.

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GUIDANCE

answer

Support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems.

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GUILT

answer

Blame directed toward one's self based on real or unreal conditions.

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HELPLESSNESS

answer

Being without power to help one self

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HOMICIDE

answer

The killing of one human being by another

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HOSPICE

answer

A specialized health care program that serves patients with illnesses such as cancer during the last days of their lives; historically an Inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate an institution designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition.

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HOSPICE MOVEMENT

answer

A response to fears related to the dying process and the institutionalized ways in which death is typically handled in institutional settings

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HOSPICE TEAM

answer

An interdisciplinary team of professional and volunteers who work together to contribute their expertise to the quality of patient care

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HOSTILITY

answer

the willful refusal to accept evidence that one's perceptions of the world is wrong

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ILLUSTRATING

answer

Detailed examples of adjustments, choices or alternatives available to the client or counselee, from which a course of action may be selected.

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INFORMATIONAL COUNSELING

answer

a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee

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KAROSHI

answer

Death by overwork, a current phenomenon of concern in Japan

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MASKED GRIEF

answer

Occurs when persons experience symptoms and behaviors which cause them difficulty but they do not see or recognize the fact that these are related to the loss.

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MITIGATION

answer

Any event, person or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief

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MORES

answer

Ways of society that are felt to be for the good of society; these are "must" behaviors that have stronger sanctions than a folkway but that are not as severe as laws

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MOTIVATION

answer

The process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior satisfying physiological or psychological needs.

question

MOURNING

answer

An adjustment process which involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss; the process of working through grief

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MUTUAL PRETENSE

answer

The term to describe one of the four types of "awareness contexts" that shape the interaction between patients and their medical caregivers and family members. Mutual pretense is extremely common among children who are dying, as observed by Bluebond-Langner in her study of leukemic children from age three to nine.

question

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

answer

That which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, physical behavior; that which is communicated by any means except verbally.

question

NEUROSIS

answer

See disorder

question

OBITUARY

answer

Notice of a death, usually with a brief biography

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OPTION

answer

Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the client or counselee's dilemma.

question

OBSESSIVE

answer

Unwanted thoughts; attempts to ignore or suppress such recurrent or persistent thoughts, impulses, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action

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PALLIATIVE CARE

answer

Care designed to give the patient as pain-free a condition as possible; in addition to physical needs, the patient's social, psychological, cultural and spiritual needs are considered

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PANIC

answer

A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear.

question

PARAPHASING

answer

Expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes a shortened form

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PERSONALITY

answer

Is a relatively stable system of determining tendencies within the individual.

question

POST-NEED COUNSELING, POST FUNERAL OR POST-VENTION COUNSELING

answer

Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral.

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PREJUDICE

answer

Negative attitude towards others based on their gender, religion, race or membership in a particular group.

question

PRE-NEED COUNSELING OR INFORMATIONAL COUNSELING

answer

That counseling before the death occurs, designed to create a more meaningful and personal funeral service.

question

PROJECTION

answer

Attribution of one's unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else

question

PSYCHIATRIST

answer

A medical doctor with a specialty in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.

question

PSYCHOGENIC

answer

is a physical disease that originates in the mind or in mental or emotional conflict. The disease is not caused by a structural change, as seen in an organic disease.

question

PSYCHOLOGY

answer

The study of human behavior; the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

question

PSYCHOSOMATIC

answer

Symptoms show that a human body can create physical symptoms that compensate for relationship deficiencies

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PSYCHOTHERAPY (JACKSON)

answer

Intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. The practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of consciousness.

question

RAPPORT

answer

A relation of harmony, conformity, accord or affinity established in any human interaction.

question

RATIONAL SUICIDE

answer

Suicide in which the individual is not insane and is aware of what he or she is doing

question

RATIONALIZATION

answer

Supplying a logical, rational, socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action

question

REGRESSION

answer

A defense mechanism used in grief to return to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping.

question

RELIGION

answer

A system of beliefs and practices related to the sacred, the supernatural and or a set of values to which the individual is very committed

question

REPRESSION

answer

Blocking of threatening material from consciousness

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RESPECT (WOLFELT)

answer

The ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions.

question

RITUALS

answer

The symbolic affirmation of values by means of culturally standardized utterances and actions; a set of culturally prescribed set of actions or behaviors charged with symbolic content.

question

SEARCHING

answer

Preoccupied and intense thoughts about the deceased

question

SHAME

answer

A painful feeling of having done something wrong, improperly, a loss of reputation, disgrace, dishonor; The assumption of blame directed toward one's self by others.

question

SHOCK

answer

The reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent and upsetting disturbance.

question

SITUATIONAL COUNSELING

answer

Related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. This type of counseling adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises.

question

SOCIAL FACILITATION

answer

A phenomenon that occurs when an individual's performance improves because of the presence of others

question

STRESS

answer

Life events and minor hassles that exert pressure or strain.

question

STRESSOR

answer

Any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress

question

SUBLIMATION

answer

Redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes

question

SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS)

answer

Also known as CRIB DEATH; The sudden unexpected death of a child where autopsy does not reveal a single cause of death; SIDS is the leading cause of death in children age one month to one year, and second only to fatal accidents as a cause of death of children under fifteen.

question

SUICIDAL IDEATION

answer

Thoughts of ending one's life

question

SUICIDE

answer

A deliberate act of self destruction or intentional inaction when it is known that inaction will lead to death.

question

SUICIDE CLUSTER

answer

An excessive number of suicide occurring in close temporal and geographical proximity (Copycat Suicide)

question

SUICIDE GESTURE

answer

A life-threatening action that is taken to force others to intervene and recognize the individual's loneliness, alienation, anger, or despair. An unsuccessful attempt made by the person to end his own life.

question

SUMMARY

answer

A brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session or the summary at the close of the session.

question

SUPPRESSION

answer

A conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns

question

SURVIVOR GUILT

answer

Feelings of guilt experienced by the survivors after a loss event

question

SYMPATHY

answer

Sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss or the death of close friend or relative

question

TASKS OF MOURNING (WORDEN)

answer

Since mourning is a process and not a state, specific task must be completed as a person does the "grief work" in adjusting to a loss.

question

TEMPORAL

answer

Referring to a "here and now" or "this worldly" orientation that does not take into account the afterlife or a supernatural existence

question

THANATOLOGY

answer

The interdisciplinary study of death-related behavior including actions and emotions concerned with dying, death, and bereavement. The study of death, especially the medical, emotional and final problems associated with dying.

question

THANATOPHOBIA

answer

An irrational, exaggerated, abnormally great fear of death.

question

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

answer

Spoken, oral communication expressed in words.

question

WARMTH AND CARING (WOLFELT)

answer

The ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors

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